机械合金化制备Ti(Al,C)复合粉末组织结构研究

目的通过原位合成技术获得Ti(Al,C)复合粉末。方法在不同球磨时间条件下,采用机械合金化方法制备Ti(Al,C)复合粉末,其中Ti粉和Al粉的摩尔比为1:1。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析球磨后粉末的显微组织结构及物相,研究不同球磨时间对制备Ti(Al,C)复合粉末物相演变、组织结构及粒子间界面结合状态的影响。结果在球磨过程中,球磨时间越长,粉体的粒径越小,当球磨时间增长到一定程度时,延展性好的Al粉颗粒发生扁平化且其表面积不断增大,使得碎化后的Ti粉颗粒不断嵌入至Al粉颗粒中,最终形成Ti(Al)固溶体。同时根据XRD分析发现,随着球磨时间的延长,Ti(Al,C)复合粉末中的Al峰逐渐减小,说明Al不断固溶到Ti中,形成了一定量的Ti(Al)固溶体。结论通过机械球磨技术在球磨一定时间后可原位合成Ti(Al)固溶体,这说明随着Ti与Al之间的相互扩散,有利于形成Ti(Al)固溶体。     

双步球磨法制备纳米晶结构TiAl基合金粉末的研究

以元素粉末为起始粉末,采用双步球磨法(球磨+热处理+球磨)制备TiAl基纳米晶多相结构粉末(粉末成分为Ti-47Al(at%)、Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta(at%)).采用xRD、SEM、EDs、DTA、粒度分布仪对两种粉末颗粒在球磨和热处理过程中的特性进行了表征和分析.结果表明,采用双步球磨法制备的多相结构纳米晶粉末杂质含量低,粒度分布均匀,合金元素弥散分布.一步球磨6 h获得Ti/Al均匀复合结构及实现Ti(Al)部分固溶;700℃,2 h热处理获得Ti3Al、Ti、Al3Ti、TiAl相,Al相已经消失;二步球磨实现晶粒尺寸、颗粒尺寸进一步细化.     

Ti6Al4V预合金粉末制备与研究

以乙醇为过程控制剂,采用机械球磨法制备Ti6Al4V预合金粉末,借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM),研究不同球磨时间的Ti6Al4V预合金粉末的相组成和微观形貌。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,粉末逐渐细化,晶粒尺寸变小,微应变逐渐增加;球磨60 h后粉末达到较好的细化效果以及固溶效果;球磨90h后,粉末完全合金化,粉末粒度到达纳米级别,平均粒径50 nm。     

粉末冶金法制备高铌TiAl基合金的表征(英文)

利用机械球磨法制备了名义成分为Ti45Al10Nb(摩尔分数,%)的复合粉末,采用真空热压烧结工艺对粉末进行固结,利用OM、XRD、SEM、EDX对球磨12h的粉末及烧结块体材料进行表征。结果表明,所得Ti/Al/Nb复合粉末的成分均匀,晶粒细小。烧结后所得合金的显微组织由细小等轴晶和均匀分散其中的大的纯Nb颗粒组成。增加10%(摩尔分数)的Nb元素,TiAl基合金的室温强度及塑性有显著提高,屈服强度和断裂强度分别为842MPa和1314MPa,室温压缩率达到12.4%。     

高能反应球磨/退火制备Fe3(Si,Al)粉体及其有序度研究

利用Fritsch Pulversiue 5型行星式球磨机、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究3Fe/xSi,(1-x)Al(x=0.75,0.5,0.25)混合粉末的机械球磨过程,分析球磨1h和5h的粉末在860℃条件下退火4h的物相组成,并采用长程有序参数定量表征了退火得到的有序相的有序程度.研究表明,试验粉末球磨5h以上可以得到单相Fe(si,Al)固溶体,其晶粒尺寸约为20nm;球磨5h的3Fe/xSi/(1-x)Al(x=0.75,0.5,0.25)混合粉末在860℃条件下退火4h后形成的有序相分别为别为Al0.3Fe3Si0.7、Al0.5Fe3Si0.5和Al0.7Fe3Si0.3,其有序度分别为0.7906、0.6888和0.7032.     

机械化学反应合成Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体

以Fe3O4粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械球磨诱发化学反应制备了Fe3Al-Al2O3纳米晶复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体球磨过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,球磨过程中,30 min后混合粉末中开始出现少量的Al2O3颗粒,1 h后大部分Fe3O4被还原,形成α-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3、Fe(Al)固溶体和FeO,另有Al剩余。球磨3 h后,大部分的θ-Al2O3转变为α-Al2O3,Fe(Al)固溶体、FeO和剩余的Al粉在机械力的作用下反应形成FeAl化合物和Fe.911O。继续球磨至5 h后,FeAl化合物和Fe.911O相互反应而完全消耗,得到Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体。机械力诱发的Fe3O4和Al之间的反应属于突发型反应,诱发反应的临界球磨时间约为50 min。     

高能球磨制备Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu纳米晶粉末的特性

通过机械合金化制备了Al-15％Pb-4％Si-1％Sn-1．5％Cu(质量分数)纳米晶粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末的组织结构、晶粒大小、微观形貌以及颗粒中化学成分分布情况进行了研究。结果表明混合粉末经过球磨后形成了纳米晶，其组织非常均匀。球磨对Pb的作用效果明显大于对Al的作用效果，经过40h球磨后Pb粒子达到40nm，而Al在球磨60h后晶粒为65nm；经球磨后，Cu和Si固溶于Al的晶格中，而Sn则固溶于Pb晶格中，并且Al和Pb发生了互溶，形成了Pb(Al）超饱和固溶体；在球磨过程中硬度高的脆性粒子Si难于完全实现合金化。     

气相元素对Ti-Al-Nb合金机械合金化产物的影响

采用Ti3Al合金屑替代Ti粉和部分Al粉,以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢,研究Ti-Al-Nb高铌体系中气体杂质及氢含量对球磨过程的影响.利用X射线衍射确定了不同阶段球磨产物及退火粉末的相组成.DSC分析了球磨后粉末的热稳定性.球磨Ti-Al-Nb两体系中可观察到单一bcc(Ti-Al-Nb)固溶体的形成.当球磨气氛发生改变时,有非晶相形成.此非晶相形成的主要因素是气体杂质.以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢时,球磨初期(10 h)氢含量在一定范围(小于1.3%,质量分数)内并不影响bcc相形成.球磨40 h,当[H]=1.3%,有非晶相形成.DSC结果表明[H]=2.7%,球磨30 h的粉末在723 K时Nb 的氢化物首先发生分解,同时有bcc相形成.在923 K,钛的氢化物已完全分解,有Ti3Al相析出和bcc存在.     

球磨时间对电场原位合成Fe-Cu-TiC复合材料的影响

用球磨机将配料比为15wt％(Ti+ C)-65wt％Fe-20wt％Cu(Ti∶C化学计量比为1∶1)的粉末球磨不同时间后,压制得到圆柱压坯,采用Gleeble-3500D热模拟机,在电场作用下原位合成Fe-Cu-TiC复合材料.研究不同球磨时间(0～6 h)对电场原位合成Fe-Cu-TiC复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:粉末球磨后,电场原位合成产物主要由Fe、Cu和TiC组成;球磨过程有助于电场原位合成反应中TiC的合成.随着球磨时间的延长,粉末颗粒逐渐细化,电场原位合成产物TiC晶粒逐渐细化,Fe-Cu-TiC复合材料的相对密度和硬度先增加后减小,耐磨性有所提高;原始粉末球磨4h制备的该复合材料有较高的相对密度、显微硬度及低的磨损率.     

机械球磨Al-10%Ti粉末的组织和热稳定性

研究了机械球磨方法制备的Al-10%Ti混合粉末的组织和热稳定性.结果表明:在球磨作用下,Al, Ti粉末的颗粒尺寸得到有效细化,并且球磨时间越长,Al/Ti粉末储备能量越大,生成Al-Ti金属间化合物所需的反应激活能越低,内能的增加和扩散能力的提高是由于机械球磨导致了大量的晶格缺陷;Al-10%Ti混合粉末反应烧结后相互扩散形成的最终产物是DO22-Al3Ti.     

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Al−10Fe−5Cr bulk alloy

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Al?10wt.%Fe?5wt.%Cr bulk alloy was investigated. The initial micro-grained mixture of powders was processed for 100 h using mechanical alloying (MA) to produce nano-grained alloy. The processed powders were sintered using high frequency induction heat sintering (HFIHS). The microstructures of the processed alloy in the form of powders and bulk samples were investigated using XRD, FESEM and HRTEM. Microhardness and compression tests were conducted on the bulk samples for evaluating their mechanical properties. To evaluate the thermal stability of the bulk samples, they were experimented at 573, 623, 673 and 723 K under compression load at strain rates of 1×10^?1 and 1×10^?2 s^?1. The annealed samples exhibited a significant increase in their microhardness value of 2.65 GPa when being annealed at 723 K, as compared to 2.25 GPa of the as-sintered alloy. The bulk alloy revealed compressive strengths of 520 MPa and 450 MPa at 300 K and 723 K, respectively, when applying a strain rate of 1×10^?1 s^?1. The microstructural stability of the bulk alloy was ascribed to the formation of iron and chromium containing phases with Al such as Al₆Fe, Al₁₃Fe₄ and Al₁₃Cr₂, in addition to the supersaturated solid solution (SSSS) of Cr and Fe in Al matrix.     

Synthesis and grain growth kinetics of in-situ FeAl matrix nanocomposites（ Ⅰ ）： Mechanical alloying of Fe-A1-Ti-B composite powder

Three nanocrystalline alloys, FesoAlso, Fe42.5Al42.5Ti5B10 and Fe35Al35Ti10B20 （molar fraction, %）, were synthesized from elemental powders by high-energy ball milling. The structural evolutions and morphological changes of the milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The effects of different Ti, B additions on the structure and phase transformation in these alloys were also discussed. It is observed that the diffusion of AI, Ti, B atoms into Fe lattice occurs during milling, leading to the formation of a BCC phase identified as Fe（Al） or Fe（Al, Ti, B） supersaturated solid solution. Fe-based solid solution with nanocrystalline structure is observed to be present as the only phase in all the alloy compositions after milling. Furthermore, the contents of Ti, B affect the formation of mechanical alloying products, changes in the lattice parameter as well as the grain size.     

Effects of Ti-addition on the characteristics of wear resistant Al-Si-Fe base alloys processed via rapid solidification

Rapidly solidified Al-Si-Fe base alloys were prepared by gas atomization, hot pressing and extrusion. To optimize wear resistance and mechanical properties, Al-20 wt.%Si-5 wt.%Fe base alloys containing 1–3 wt.%Ti were newly designed and characterized in detail. The additions of Ti (especially, ~2 wt.%Ti) effectively increased the wear resistance and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness; however, the addition of 3 wt.%Ti was not desirable because of the precipitation of the primary Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂ phase in the as-quenched state. Based on TEM analyses, the improved properties in the Al-Si-Fe alloys containing Ti were found to be due to the formation of the (Al, Si)₃Ti phase finely dispersed in the matrix. ASCM16CE is the gas atomized and consolidated composite including 3 wt.% of SiC particles (reference alloy).     

Fabrication of W-20wt.%Ti alloy by pressureless sintering at low temperature

A powder metallurgical technology of low temperature and pressureless is used to fabricate a W-20wt.%Ti alloy using milled TiH₂ powders and micro-sized W powders. The microstructure of the milled TiH₂ powders and the bulk W–Ti alloy were studied. It is indicated that TiH₂ nanoparticles with the size of 8 to 15 nm were obtained after milling for 48 h and the decomposition temperature decreased from 520.2 °C to 395.5 °C. The W-20wt.%Ti alloy prepared at 1200 °C for 80 min had a relative density of 97.8% which was composed of α-Ti, W and β(W/Ti) solid solution. A preparation mechanism of the W–Ti alloy is also proposed based on the experimental results.     

机械合金化制备Fe-10%Ni合金研究

采用纯Fe粉和Ni粉利用高能卧式搅拌球磨机制备了Fe-10%Ni(质量分数,下同)合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差热分析(DTA)研究了球磨粉末的相组成、形貌和热稳定性,并对其热压烧结的块材进行了组织分析与性能测试。结果表明,在球磨机转速400 r/min,球料比20:1条件下,球磨8 h后,Ni原子完全固溶在Fe原子晶格中,形成体心立方结构Fe(Ni)过饱和固溶体,延长时间到16 h,球磨粉末颗粒尺寸更均匀细小,但仍为体心立方Fe(Ni)固溶体。对球磨16 h的合金粉末在500~800℃进行退火处理,发现粉末结构稳定,仍为体心立方Fe(Ni)固溶体。对球磨16 h的合金粉末进行热压烧结,发现950℃下烧结块材中出现少量fcc结构的Fe(Ni)固溶体相,而继续在970℃复烧后则完全转变为面心立方结构的Fe(Ni),但950℃热压烧结块材的强度和延伸率高于970℃复烧的块材,原因在于无压复烧块材中产生氧化物和孔洞。     

Fabrication of Mo-Ti functionally graded material

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Effect of ball milling conditions on the microstructure and the transformation behavior of Ti−Ni and Ti−Ni−Cu shape memory alloy powders

Ti−50Ni and Ti−40Ni−10Cu (at.%) shape memory alloy poweders have been fabricated by the ball milling method. Their alloying behaviour and transformation behaviour were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. As-milled Ti−Ni powders fabricated with a milling time of less than 20 hrs were a mixture of pure elemental Ti and Ni, and therefore we were unable to obtain alloy powders because the combustion reaction between Ti and Ni occurred during heat treatment. Since those fabricated with a milling time of more than 20 hrs were a mixture of Ti-rich and Ni-rich Ti−Ni solid solution, it was possible to obtain alloy powders without a combustion reaction during heat treatment. Clear exothermic and endothermic peaks appeared in the cooling and heating curves, respectively, in DSC curves of 20 hr and 30 hr milled Ti−Ni powders. On the other hand, in DSC curves of 1 hr, 10 hrs, 50 hrs and 100 hrs, the thermal peaks were almost discernible. The optimum ball milling time for fabricating Ti−Ni alloy powders was 30 hrs. Ti−40Ni−10Cu alloy powders were fabricated successfully by the optimum ball milling conditions deduced from Ti−50Ni alloy powders.     

激光选区熔化制备Ti−6Al−4V合金的显微组织及在人工模拟唾液中的电化学腐蚀行为

为了进一步提高植入体的耐腐蚀性,通过激光选区熔化制备Ti?6Al?4V合金。借助扫描电镜、电子背散射、透射电镜、电化学腐蚀试验和接触角试验对其显微组织和在人工模拟唾液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:激光选区熔化制备Ti?6Al?4V合金在堆积方向呈现典型的β柱状晶,在扫描方向呈近圆形棋盘状组织,而锻造和锻造+热处理样品呈现典型的等轴晶形貌。在37°C模拟人工唾液中激光选区熔化制备Ti?6Al?4V合金比锻造和锻造+热处理样品具有更好的耐腐蚀性能,这是由于其具有疏水性、更高的晶界密度和分布均匀的合金元素。     

原位颗粒增强Fe3Al基纳米复合材料的显微结构与力学性能

采用机械合金化及真空热压烧结制备硼化物颗粒原位增强Fe。Al基纳米复合材料块体。对球磨粉体及热压块体的相组成、烧结块体的微观结构、断口形貌及力学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,Fe-A1-Ti-B混合粉在球磨过程中,Al、Ti、B逐渐溶人Fe中,形成纳米晶Fe（A1,Ti,B）过饱和固溶体,结构趋于非晶态。经1200℃保温1h后热压烧结的块体由Fe。A1及原位形成的TiB2及FezB等构成,其晶粒尺寸分别约为17nm,22nm和11nm。含5at％（Ti37B67）的Fe3Al基纳米复合材料块体的致密度大于95％,抗弯强度和硬度分别为1440MPa和461．3HV10,弯曲断口为主体脆性断裂,同时呈现出一定韧性特征。