一种基于超混沌系统的双图关联加密算法

针对现存混沌图像加密算法中存在系统安全性不高、无法抵御明文攻击、加密图像相互独立、效率低等问题,提出了一种基于超混沌系统的双图关联加密算法。首先根据明文图像,由超混沌系统产生与之相关的混沌随机矩阵,对明文图像进行深度扩散;选取其中一幅图像进行明文关联的置乱操作与快速比特扩散生成密文◢c▼1▽;之后对剩余图像进行自适应关联比特操作生成密文c▼2▽,完成双图关联的图像加密。实验结果与仿真分析表明,该算法不仅具有更高的效率与更强的抗明文攻击能力,而且仅由一幅密◣文不能得到与之相应的明文图像,安全性更高,具有良好的应用场景。     

基于平滑◢l◣▼1▽范数的深度稀疏自动编码器社区识别算法

大数据时代,利用传统的社区发现算法对大规模复杂网络进行社区结构挖掘显得愈发困难,准确率也较低。因此,提出一种基于平滑◢l▼1▽◣范数的深度稀疏自编码器社区发现算法（◢l▼1▽◣-ECDA）。该算法首先采用基于◢s◣跳的方法对网络图的邻接矩阵进行预处理;然后构建基于平滑◢l▼1▽◣范数的深度稀疏自编码器,并通过训练网络图相似度矩阵得到低维特征矩阵;最后采用K-means算法对低维特征矩阵进行聚类得到网络社区结构。通过在仿真网络与真实网络数据集上实验表明,◢l▼1▽◣-ECDA有效提高了社区识别的准确率,且比DBCS算法准确率平均高4%,比Deepwalk算法和CoDDA算法平均高5.4%。     

基于修正后矩阵分解的最优协方差DOA估计

针对传统来波方向（direction-of-arrival,DOA）估计在信号相干、低信噪比与噪声非均匀环境下性能差的问题,基于修正后的矩阵分解,提出一种利用凸优化的协方差矩阵最优DOA估计方法。修正后的矩阵分解方法,解相干的同时克服了孔径损失;然后,利用凸优化,重构出无噪声的协方差矩阵;最后,利用最小化搜索计算出DOA。仿真结果表明,所提算法与矩阵分解（matrix decomposition,MD）算法、基于◢l▼1▽范数的奇异值分解（l◣▼1▽-norm singular vector decomposition,◢l◣▼1▽-SVD）算法以及基于空间平滑的协方差秩最小化估计（spatial smoothing based covariance rank minimization,SS-CRM）算法比较,能更好地抑制非均匀噪声,且在低信噪比条件下,依然性能良好。     

基于LBP人脸纹理特征的差分直方图移位无损信息隐藏算法

针对信息隐藏算法中提高嵌入量与增强鲁棒性之间的矛盾问题,提出一种多载体信息隐藏算法。使用多幅人脸表情图像作为载体,采用局部二值模式（LBP）纹理特征识别人脸表情区域来嵌入加密信息;计算出载体区域的相邻像素差值矩阵,通过对差值矩阵的对应元素的直方图进行移位构造出嵌入空间来实现加密信息的可逆隐藏与载体图像的无损恢复。算法分析证明了比现有算法具有更大的嵌入容量并保持较高的鲁棒性的优势,在最大嵌入容量达到0.561时具有38.421 dB的信噪比（PSNR）,且在识别的嵌入区域PSNR值达到46.286。鲁棒性实验表明,该算法对于滤波攻击可以与原始信息图像的相似度大于99%;面对剪切、平移攻击时,秘密图像归一化系数◢NC◣最小为0.743和0.728,远大于其他算法。从与其他算法的对比实验结果看,该算法是有效的。     

伽罗瓦域GF(28)上高矩阵为密钥的Hill加密衍生

针对传统的Hill加密算法仅是利用伽罗瓦域◢GF（p）◣上可逆的数字方阵作为密钥矩阵与明文向量作模◢p◣乘法进行加密运算,提出了一种新的在伽罗瓦域◢GF（2）［x］/p（x）◣上以多项式高矩阵作为密钥矩阵的Hill加密衍生算法。在Hill加密衍生算法中,明文向量为明文字符对应的多项式构成的多项式向量,随机选取密钥矩阵的一列作为加密时的平移增量,在◢GF（2）［x］/p（x）◣上进行密钥矩阵与明文向量的模8次不可约多项式◢p（x）◣的乘法和加法,然后获得元素为多项式的密文向量,从而实现明文信息加密。当攻击者在不知道◢p（x）◣、密钥矩阵以及随机抽取的平移向量的情况下由密文破解得到明文的难度更大,从而提高了伽罗瓦域◢GF（2）［x］/p（x）◣上Hill加密衍生算法的抗攻击能力。     

基于多组混沌序列的彩色数字图像置乱算法

传统的数字图像置乱算法需要多次迭代,加密强度不高,密钥空间小,抗攻击能力弱。针对上述问题,基于多组混沌序列和矩阵拉直算子,提出一种新的图像置乱算法。通过对彩色数字图像的RGB矩阵进行拉直和置乱,隐藏原始图像所含信息。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法具有较大的密钥空间,对密钥敏感,能改变图像的灰度特征,且置乱后的图像纹理细、颗粒均匀。     

基于压缩感知和GHM多小波变换的信息隐藏算法

针对基于秘密信息置乱方法等类型的信息隐藏算法不可见性低和抗攻击性弱这一问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知和GHM多小波变换的信息隐藏算法。首先,将载体图像进行一次GHM多小波变换,再对所得到的中间能量区域进行一次小波变换得到HH分量,将HH分量进行奇异值分解;其次,将秘密图像进行小波变换,将得到的小波系数进行压缩感知得到观测矩阵,再对观测矩阵元素进行奇异值分解;最后,利用秘密图像的奇异值替换掉载体图像的奇异值来完成秘密信息的嵌入。实验结果表明,相比两种加密算法,算法不可见性（PSNR值）分别提高5.99%和22.11%;对低通滤波、椒盐噪声、高斯噪声、JPEG压缩等常见攻击具有良好的鲁棒性,相关系数（NC）平均增强了4.11%和11.53%。     

可视ROI信息隐藏技术研究

图像信息的安全保护问题越来越受到重视,感兴趣区(ROI)的局部图像信息保护具有广阔的应用前景;文中提出一种用户定义感兴趣区域(ROI)的图像信息隐藏算法,提出将置乱技术与混沌加密技术相结合,实现图像的ROI加密隐藏,解决涉密图像在公共网络上传输的安全问题;实验结果表明,该算法加密效果好,加密强度高,能够方便地实现ROI的图像信息加密隐藏和解密。     

基于混沌系统的图像隐藏技术

为了在保证隐藏信息不可见性的条件下,尽可能地提高隐藏图像信息的安全性与抗干扰性,提出一种基于混沌系统的图像隐藏技术．先利用Arnold变换与混沌系统产生的混沌序列对待隐藏图像进行加密预处理;然后利用Logistic混沌系统与图像分存技术把结果图像进一步隐藏起来;最后应用评价指标对隐藏效果和安全性进行分析．实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的安全性和隐藏效果．     

基于码分多址复用的双重加密可逆信息隐藏

针对多数密文域可逆信息隐藏算法嵌入容量小、加密算法单一的问题,提出一种双重加密的方法,并利用码分多址复用（CDMA）的思想嵌入秘密信息。加密时将图像分块,先对像素块进行多粒度置乱加密,再对块中每个像素的中间2位用流密码加密。信息嵌入采用码分多址的思想,选取k个长为4的相互正交的矩阵嵌入k层秘密信息,利用矩阵的正交性实现秘密信息多层嵌入,在提高嵌入容量的同时保证了对像素点的较小改变。对不满足嵌入条件的像素块嵌入伪比特,可避免使用位置图。拥有信息提取密钥的合法接收者可以提取秘密信息;拥有图像解密密钥可以近似恢复原始图像;拥有两种密钥既可提取秘密信息又可无损恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,512×512灰度图像Lena在峰值信噪比（PSNR）大于36 dB时最大嵌入容量133 313 bit。所提算法增强了加密图像安全性,在保证可逆性的同时大大提高密文域可逆信息隐藏嵌入容量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。