组合螺旋型槽干气密封密封性能的CFD仿真

设计一种由2个螺旋槽组合构成新型螺旋型槽干气密封结构,该组合螺旋型槽由沿外圈开设的大螺旋槽以及沿大螺旋槽根部开设的小螺旋槽组合而成。运用流体仿真软件Fluent对组合螺旋型槽干气密封的密封性能进行数值模拟,并与螺旋型槽干气密封进行比较。通过正交试验法对组合螺旋型槽干气密封的结构参数进行优化分析,获得了以开启力、泄漏量、扭矩为目标函数的组合螺旋型最优端面结构。结果表明,组合螺旋型槽干气密封在同等结构参数下的密封性能优于螺旋型槽干气密封,且压力、槽台宽比和槽深越大,组合螺旋型槽在减少泄漏量方面的优势更加明显;对于组合螺旋型槽干气密封,泄漏量、开启力、扭矩最优对应的端面结构参数组合不同,在干气密封设计时,应根据设计目标需要,选择合适的端面结构参数组合。     

螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学分析Fluent软件对螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性进行数值模拟,得到气膜流动场的压力分布、泄漏量、气膜开启力等特性参数;模拟数据与试验数据进行比较,并分析两者存在误差的原因。结果表明,随着转速、介质压力的增大,螺旋槽干气密封气膜压力、开启力、泄漏量也增大;该模拟方法的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于螺旋槽干气密封的优化设计。     

双螺旋角槽干气密封的槽型优化设计

建立单螺旋角槽干气密封的数学模型,利用数值方法分别研究槽数、螺旋角、槽深、气膜厚度、槽台比以及转速对密封性能的影响规律,计算结果与文献的实验值基本吻合。通过分析对比泄漏量、流场压力分布、平均开启压力等密封性能参数,优化出性能最佳的干气密封几何结构参数。针对单螺旋角槽在螺旋槽入口处的吸力面上存在明显的低压区的问题,提出双螺旋角槽干气密封结构。计算结果表明:双螺旋角槽在密封端面之间产生平均开启压力高于单螺旋角槽;相比于单螺旋角槽,双螺旋角槽在吸力面的入口处的流动分离更加明显,在槽区产生的动压效应更加明显;双螺旋角螺旋槽的密封性能更佳,其气体泄漏量也低于单螺旋槽。     

氢气实际气体对螺旋槽干气密封性能的影响

干气密封常应用于较高的气体压力。在干气密封的研究、设计和应用过程中,一般将气体处理为理想气体。但高压作用下,气体行为明显不同于理想气体。以螺旋槽干气密封应用于氢气为例,采用氢气的实际气体方程对螺旋槽窄槽理论的气膜压力控制方程进行修正,并加以求解,获得了实际气体行为对干气密封的影响规律。结果表明,实际气体行为对密封的泄漏率有明显影响,而对端面气膜压力和端面开启力影响不大。     

基于二阶滑移边界的螺旋槽干气密封气膜刚度计算与分析

应用二阶非线性滑移边界条件推导出修正的广义雷诺方程,并用PH线性化方法、迭代法对非线性雷诺方程近似求解,得到气膜推力的近似解析式,继而对其进行气膜厚度的求导,得到气膜刚度的近似解析式.并利用Maple程序计算不同转速和压力下的气膜刚度数值,并与一阶线性滑移边界条件下的气膜刚度和试验数值进行对比.结果表明:随着气膜厚度的增加,二阶非线性滑移边界条件下的气膜刚度随之减小,且呈非线性关系:随着介质压力、转速的增加,气膜刚度也随之增加,且呈线性关系;二阶非线性滑移边界条件下的气膜刚度数值比一阶线性滑移边界条件下的气膜刚度数值更接近试验数值,其计算精度较高,特别是在低速、低压工况下更加明显.因此在低速低压釜用轴端干气密封中将应用二阶速度滑移条件下的流体力学理论来进行优化设计,指导工程应用.     

螺旋槽干气密封在氨气压缩机上的应用

对螺旋槽干气密封特性进行了有限元分析,得到了螺旋线槽气体密封端面间隙内气膜的压力分布,并对四川化工厂的氨气压缩机机械密封进行改造,采用了双向串联式干气密封结构,试验及现场应用结果表明,螺旋槽干气密封性能可靠,确保了机组长期平稳运行,取得了良好经济效益.     

单双列螺旋槽干气密封端面气膜刚度比较

双列螺旋槽干气密封通常被认为具有比单列螺旋槽干气密封更高的气膜刚度,因而更有利于干气密封的稳定运行,但是尚未见具体的理论分析或实验数据来验证这一结论。针对某一双列螺旋槽干气密封,采用窄槽理论,利用Mathcad 软件计算得到端面气膜压力分布和开启力,并得到开启力与膜厚的拟合曲线,以及气膜刚度与膜厚的函数曲线,并与单列螺旋槽进行对比。计算结果证实了双列螺旋槽干气密封具有比单列螺旋槽更高的气膜刚度,尤其是在开启力较小,气膜厚度较大的情况下,其主要原因是双列螺旋槽干气密封在同一开启力下,具有较小的平衡气膜厚度,即气膜的高刚度大部分是依靠减小的气膜厚度获得。双列螺旋槽干气密封端面开启力稍小,泄漏率稍大。     

螺旋槽干气密封性能的ANSYS参数化分析

应用ANSYS参数化设计语言APDL对螺旋槽干气密封装置建立了参数化计算模型,并对模型的三维流场进行了数值分析计算,得出了气流的速度分布和压力分布云图。通过在APDL程序中改变计算模型的几何参数,计算得出了螺旋槽的槽长、槽深、槽间距、螺旋角等设计变量对螺旋槽干气密封性能的影响情况,为螺旋槽干气密封的设计提供了依据。     

基于Fluent的螺旋槽干气密封数值模拟与分析

笔者从计算流体力学出发,使用GAMBIT对模型进行网格划分,用世界著名的CFD软件Fluent对螺旋槽干气密封进行了数值模拟分析,并与权威的试验值进行比较,验证了所用方法在螺旋槽干气密封研究中应用的可行性和可信性。     

用于高(焦)炉煤气风机的非接触螺旋槽干气密封的设计与分析

论述了高(焦)炉煤气离心风机的转轴密封正被干运行非接触气体密封所取代的技术趋势。针对干式布袋除尘反吹煤气风机转速低、压力波动频繁的难点,设计了非接触螺旋槽干气密封,包括高刚度目标的螺旋槽型优化、干气密封零压力开启转速和角向动态失稳界限频率的分析、关键零件功能结构的选取以及干气密封支持系统的确定等。按照美国石油协会(API)617的规定及沈阳万得孚工业公司的标准对所设计的干气密封进行了性能检验和试验,并经历了工业现场令人满意的运行。     

滑环圆角半径对液压往复格莱圈接触压力的影响

为了研究格莱圈的往复密封性能,基于ANSYS Workbench建立格莱圈的有限元模型,并对格莱圈进行往复动态分析,分析压缩率、流体压力和滑环圆角半径对格莱圈最大接触压力和最大Von Mises应力的影响。数值模拟结果表明:在同一压缩率下O形圈与滑环之间的接触压力要大于O形圈与缸体之间的接触压力;随着介质压力的增加,滑环-活塞杆接触对与其余接触对之间的接触压力差值越明显;当滑环空气侧圆角半径小于流体侧圆角半径时,内外冲程所受到的压力差要明显大于空气侧圆角半径大于流体侧圆角半径时的压力差,因此当空气侧圆角半径大于流体侧圆角半径时,可延长格莱圈的使用寿命。     

Numerical analysis of spiral oil wedge sleeve bearing including cavitation and wall slip effects

The modified Reynolds equation is established on the basis of critical shear stress model, in which the circumferential and axial wall slip of sleeve and journal surface is considered. Cavitation is treated using modified Elrod algorithm that simplifies the solution of modified Reynolds equation in the full‐film region. The modified Reynolds equations considering wall slip and cavitation effect for two‐dimensional sleeve bearing are established. The results show that wall slip decreases oil film pressure, carrying capacity, friction drag and temperature rise but increases end leakage and cavitation region. The obtained results using the mass‐conserving boundary condition are compared with the Reynolds boundary condition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental research of how the boundary layer lower the pipe drag reduction in transport of dense paste

A thin boundary layer formed on inner‐pipe wall and brought out wall slip phenomenon when dense pastes were transported in pipe as plug flow. The boundary layer is called slip layer as well, which reduced frictional pressure loss, increased the conveying distance and saved energy consequently. In order to find out the relationship between the properties of boundary layer and the pressure loss, the design of the liquid injection equipment was detailed in this paper. The liquid (such as water, oil or polymer solution) is injected from the pump into the pipe downstream at comparatively small flowrates and formed a lubricating annulus adjacent on the pipe inner wall. By taking coal slime as an example, the test studied pressure loss result from the change of pipeline features and the thickness of boundary layer systematically. Results show that the pressure loss reduced exponentially with the increase of the boundary layer thickness, and the greater the diameter, the smaller the pressure loss. When the shear rate of the boundary layer was getting higher, the lubrication layer played more efficiency on the reduction of the shear stress. Furthermore, these results provide preview for our understanding of the fundamental processes of slime pipe flow and how such flows can be better modelled, optimised and controlled. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Slip flow over micron-sized spherical particles at intermediate Reynolds numbers

A numerical investigation has been performed to identify the rarefaction effects on the flow structure of an isolated micron-sized spherical particle. An isothermal sphere in the slip flow regime 10^?3 ?? Kn ?? 10^?1 at intermediate Reynolds numbers (1 ?? Re ?? 50) is considered. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a control volume technique in conjunction with the velocity slip boundary condition. It was found that the wake region can shrink considerably as the Knudsen number increases. Furthermore, the skin friction and pressure drag coefficients decrease as the Knudsen number increases due to the reduction in normal velocity gradients and shrinkage of the wake region, respectively. Engineering correlations for predicting the total drag coefficient in the slip flow regime are presented.     

侧墙对中等半径比同心旋转圆柱间Taylor-Couette流的影响——Ⅰ层流涡

对有限长中等半径比同心旋转圆柱间Taylor-Couette流进行了数值计算,以研究侧墙对Taylor-Couette流的影响。圆柱的半径比为0.83,形状比为6,泰勒数在0~357之间。内圆柱旋转,外圆柱静止。数值计算结果表明,在无滑移侧墙边界条件下,在泰勒数低于临界泰勒数时,在侧墙边界层的作用下侧墙附近出现侧墙涡,而在滑移侧墙边界条件下,直到泰勒数大于临界泰勒数,轴间才出现明显的涡流。当泰勒数处在89~112之间,侧墙静止和侧墙旋转时产生的最大径向速度分别约为内筒表面线速度的3%~4%和7%~10%。侧墙静止时,随着泰勒数的增加,边界层的厚度也随之递增。侧墙旋转时,边界层厚度基本不变。在泰勒数大于临界泰勒数时,随着泰勒数的增加,侧墙静止和侧墙旋转时侧墙涡的轴向长度分别增加和减少,在滑移边界条件下,侧墙涡的轴向长度约等于轴间距。在3种侧墙边界条件下,层流涡向波动涡转捩的临界泰勒数变大。     

Full and partial boundary slippage effect on squeeze film bearings

Simple experiments were carried out to illustrate the effect of the boundary slippage on the load capacity of a squeeze film. The surface energy of the bearing surface was modified using laser excimer (UV laser). It was found that the load capacity can be reduced if the surfaces are modified to be hydrophobic. The boundary slippage effect on squeeze film was further studied theoretically to get more insight. The paper presents a mathematical model with a critical shear-stress criterion of slippage to describe the squeeze film effect. Three types of slippage, i.e. single zone partial slippage, single zone full slippage, and double zone partial slippage, are modeled. The analytical solution shows that the pressure distribution is a piecewise parabolic curve, where the pressure gradient can be discontinuous at the border of the slip and no-slip regions. Parametric studies illustrate the variations of the pressure and the boundary slippage under different conditions. It is demonstrated that with the increase of the length of the hydrophobic region, the maximum pressure does not increase continuously. Similar to the classical squeeze film bearing, the pressure decreases with the increase in the film thickness or the decrease in the approach velocity. The influences of the critical shear stress are also explored, and are found to significantly affect the squeeze behavior.     

考虑表面粗糙度的干气密封边界膜滑移效应分析

为了研究随机粗糙表面上的滑移流效应,针对符合高斯分布的粗糙度表面,考虑其影响对一阶滑移模型进行修正,建立适用于随机粗糙表面的有效滑移长度模型;建立流体润滑方程,采用数值分析方法对其进行计算,研究粗糙峰间距、粗糙度均方根对滑移流以及螺旋槽干气密封的密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:气体分子平均自由程较小、粗糙峰间距较小或者粗糙度均方根较大的情况下,密封端面更容易发生负滑移现象;在微尺度条件下,负滑移有助于提高密封的端面开启力和运行稳定性;滑移流对气膜刚度的影响最大,气膜承载力次之,泄漏率最小且可以忽略不计。     

弹流润滑状态下润滑剂的边界滑移问题

根据大量的实验事实和观察,本文对润滑剂中极性分子与金属界面间相互作用作了初步分析,从而提出了弹流润滑状态下润滑剂在固液界面发生滑移的力学模型,并分析了由于润滑剂在边界滑移对弹流润滑性能的影响。结果表明边界滑移是造成弹流润滑油膜破裂的关键因素。     

Torsional fretting fatigue strength of a shrink-fitted shaft with a grooved hub

Fretting causes considerable reduction in the fatigue strength of a shrink-fit assembly and failures through fretting are as numerous as failures from normal fatigue. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of contact pressure and slip amplitude on the fatigue limit, and a favourable value for overhang of hub and fillet radius with constant diameter ratio, at which fretting failure can be avoided and the maximum normal fatigue strength will be obtained. The torsional fatigue strength of shrink-fitted shaft couplings was estimated by tests performed by varying the overhang of the hub, the fillet radius of the shaft and the contact pressure of the shrink-fitted assembly. Press-fitting of the hub overhanging the shoulder was used to increase the contact pressure. The tests were performed using a grooved hub. These experiments showed that fretting was reduced with an increase in contact pressure, because the slip amplitude decreased. The shaft was fractured just inside the end of the fit by fretting fatigue with low contact pressure, but if the contact pressure was very high, the shaft fractured at the fillet by normal fatigue. The fretting fatigue limit at a constant diameter ratio increases with an increase in the fillet radius, and reaches its maximum value at a certain radius using the grooved hub.     

铜铁合金金属复合摩擦材料冲击破坏机理研究

研究铜铁合金复合摩擦材料破坏机理。该材料在压制烧结时 ,已含有孔隙和裂纹 ,是一种含损伤材料 ;该材料在冲击下的破坏是滑移剪切破坏 ;裂纹的形成除初始裂纹外 ,冲击时裂纹首先沿着颗粒张开 ;同时也可看到铜在不同方向晶粒上的滑移线形貌 ;在裂纹的缝隙处有柔性连接 ,表示了该材料中金属合金在起作用。