沥青混合料松弛和延迟时间谱的确定与换算

为了分析沥青混合料不同时间谱的确定方法和相互换算关系,采用Prony级数和积分变换表达式分别对沥青混合料的离散松弛和延迟时间谱及连续松弛和延迟时间谱进行确定,并将连续时间谱进行离散化表示,建立了由连续时间谱换算离散时间谱的关系式,由时间域、Laplace变换域和频率域内本构关系分别导出了离散松弛与延迟时间谱之间的换算线性方程组,并通过动态模量和蠕变柔量主曲线试验结果对本研究确定和换算方法的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,沥青混合料的4种时间谱可以通过试验主曲线同时确定,松弛与延迟时间谱之间的换算结果与试验结果吻合较好,该方法能够为沥青混合料黏弹性参数的全面分析提供有效工具.     

基于灰色关联度的矿料对沥青混合料力学性能的影响分析

为分析矿料含量对沥青混合料力学性能的影响,利用旋转压实方法制备了4种级配沥青混合料,并通过劈裂试验、压缩试验以及蠕变试验研究了4种级配沥青混合料的低温抗开裂能力、常温抗拉/压破坏能力以及蠕变性能。随后,利用卷积积分和Laplace变换推导了4种沥青混合料的松弛模量随加载时间的变化趋势,并结合Burgers模型和二阶广义Maxwell模型对蠕变和松弛特性进行了拟合分析。最后,根据灰色关联度算法计算了矿料含量与沥青混合料力学性能的关联度,分析了矿料含量对混合料力学性能的影响。结果表明:沥青混合料的低温抗开裂、常温抗拉/压性能主要与0.15～0.3 mm和1.18～2.36 mm两档矿料的含量具有较高的相关度;而常温抗蠕变能力主要受0.6～1.18 mm和2.36～4.75 mm两档矿料的影响;温度升高后,抗蠕变能力受矿料含量变化的影响程度增加;松弛强度受细集料含量影响较大,而松弛时间主要受较大粒径矿料含量的影响。     

幅度补偿问题的松弛迭代法的收敛性

研究了由相位谱重构有限长离散信号,即幅度补偿问题。根据以归一化相关系数对经典迭代法的收敛性进行的证明,讨论作为经典迭代法改进算法的松弛迭代法的收敛问题。列举了三种松弛迭代法的修正方法,并进行了比较。     

高聚物熔体松弛时间谱的计算

松弛时间谱是描述聚合物熔体粘弹性质的重要参数,它不能通过实验直接获得.基于聚合物熔体储能模量和耗能模量,给出了采用最小二乘线性回归得到熔体松弛时间谱的计算方法.通过一个算例检验该算法的有效性,分析了松弛时间及松弛模态数的选取对计算结果的影响,并提出相应的改进的措施.     

行车和温度荷载作用下沥青路面的松弛响应分析

目的研究沥青混凝土路面在行车和温度荷载作用下的松弛特性,更好地做到防裂控制工作．方法确定黏弹性材料参数及能够反应温度、沥青混合料黏弹性本构关系,建立典型的路面结构三维有限元模型,模拟面层材料在不同初始变形的应力状态,分析路表弯沉、沥青面层层底和土基顶面的响应．结果沥青路面在荷栽和温度作用下,面层黏弹性材料会使路面应力减小．面层层底和基层层底应力会发生松弛,最后趋于稳定值;在行车载荷作用下弯沉会随着时间的推移发生回弹,最后逐渐趋于稳定．结论松弛是材料本身属性与其他因素无关;应力松弛模量越小,松弛性能越好,低温抗裂性越好．     

高聚物熔体松弛时间谱的计算

松弛时间谱是描述聚合物熔体粘弹性质的重要参数,它不能通过实验直接获得。基于聚合物熔体储能模量和耗能模量,给出了采用最小二乘线性回归得到熔体松弛时间 谱的计算方法。通过一个算例检验该算法的有效性,分析了松弛时间及松弛模态数的选取对计算结果的影响,并提出相应的改进的措施。     

采用二级DCIM方法计算厚介质微带的闭式格林函数

采用二级离散复镜像方法快速计算微带结构的闭式格林函数．离散复镜像方法采用广义函数束方法将谱域格林函数表示成指数函数的线性组合,并使用Sommerfeld恒等式得到空间域的闭式格林函数．二级离散复镜像方法将谱域格林函数分两步近似,减少了广义函数束方法对格林函数进行指数拟合的时间．数值结果表明,二级离散复镜像方法是一种快速、有效的求解闭式格林函数的方法．     

嵌岩桩与多层土质构造下摩擦桩的自平衡法测试

结合检测工况对测试数据的影响,对自平衡"精确转换法"进行改进,提出摩擦桩位移协调转换法和嵌岩桩的荷载协调转换法,实际应用结果说明两种转换方法合理。所得测试结果表明湄公河大桥桩基承载力符合设计要求;分析湄公河大桥试桩的侧摩阻力和端承力分布,嵌岩桩和摩擦桩纵向承载均以侧阻力为主。     

轨道坐标系到星固坐标系的四元数转换方法

绘制星体表面资源分布图,需要将深空探测器直接获取的遥感影像从轨道坐标系转换到星固坐标系.为解决通过矢量的几何关系进行转换的两步转换法和一步转换法精度受探测器轨道数据精度影响较大的问题,提出基于四元数的三维坐标转换解析法,利用航天任务模拟工具(STK)软件仿真月面反射器和月球探测器的数据完成坐标转换,比较了两步转换法、一步转换法、四元数解析法的精度和适用范围.结果显示:对于星固坐标系和星体天球坐标系下探测器轨道数据精度较高的情况,一步转换法优于两步转换法和四元数解析法;对于星固坐标系下探测器轨道数据精度不高的情况,四元数解析法优于一步转换法和两步转换法;对于无法获取星固坐标系下探测器轨道数据的情况,只能采用两步转换法.     

一种基于Gurtin变分原理的非时间步参数逐步积分法

目的 提供一种具有较高计算精度的结构动力分析逐步积分算法，更好地解决地震作用下结构的动力响应分析问题．方法 利用由Gurtin变分原理给出的空间离散后只含单重卷积形式的泛函，在局部时间域上采用初位移、初速度和末速度、末加速度并加入一种非时间步参数的插值函数形式对时间域离散，进行变分运算给出逐步递推计算格式；采用参数α和θ控制算法的稳定性．结果 确定了结构动力分析逐步积分算法在无条件稳定计算格式时所需要的非时间步参数α和θ值．结论 此算法具有高于威尔逊口法的计算精度．是一种具有较高计算精度的结构动力响应分析方法。可用于地震作用下结构的动力响应分析。     

Application of retardation time spectra of asphalt

To improve the performance of asphalt pavement, the dynamic and static tests of asphalt were used to measure its viscoelastic properties under different time. Based on the obtained data of static creep compliances and dynamic compliances according to the static creep test and dynamic test of asphalt using the dynamic shear rheometer, the discrete retardation time spectra were attained using the non-linear regression method. All viscoelastic functions are mathematically equivalent and belong to the same retardation time spectra, so the dynamic compliances of asphalt were converted to the static creep compliance using the retardation time spectra. Good correlations were found between calculation results and measurement results. In accordance to these findings, the retardation time spectra can accurately transform static and dynamic viscoelastic functions. Therefore, we can obtain viscoelastic properties over much larger time or frequency region than measurement results.     

沥青胶结料低温临界开裂温度计算的改进方法

针对当前沥青胶结料温度应力和低温临界开裂温度计算方法的局限性,为找寻一种更好的沥青胶结料温度应力及相应的低温临界开裂温度计算方法,选取4种不同产地的70^#基质沥青进行旋转薄膜老化（RTFO）和压力箱老化（PAV）展开研究. 利用BBR试验获得沥青胶结料的蠕变柔量,分别采用Hopkins & Hamming算法和CAM模型两步计算法以及Laplace变换一步计算法获得了沥青的温度应力,基于SAP理论计算相应的低温临界开裂温度. 通过统计学方法对计算结果进行比较和分析,采用相关性分析并结合实测路表温度数据对计算方法予以验证. 结果表明:Laplace变换一步计算法和Hopkins & Hamming算法两步计算法具有良好一致性,基于t检验法的低温临界开裂温度p值计算结果达0.90以上. Laplace变换一步计算法与BBR试验具有较强的相关性,临界开裂温度T_CR与S/m指标、Huet流变模型指标的相关系数分别可达0.84、0.94. 实测路表温度变化数据的计算结果证明了该方法不仅适用于匀速降温工况,也适用于任意降温速率下的现场连续变速降温工况.     

Evaluation of reclaimed asphalt pavement binder stiffness without extraction and recovery

A new testing procedure to estimate the low-temperature stiffness of the reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) binder was developed.In the testing procedure,the SuperpaveTM Bending Beam Rheometer(BBR) with special modifications and binder blending charts by Asphalt Institute were utilized.Modifications involved the development of a new kind of sample mold and different testing parameters were made to BBR testing procedure to capture the rheological properties of bitumen mortars produced by mixing fresh binder wit...     

Estimation of rheological properties of RAP binder

The low-temperature rheological properties of binders in the recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material without the damaging effects of solvent extractions were analyzed. The developed procedure is based on testing of bitumen-RAP mortars produced by mixing the fresh (virgin) binder with RAP material smaller than # 8 sieve. Different mortars were prepared, containing RAP material passing the #8 sieve and 15% by weight of fresh binder. Low temperature properties of these mortars were investigated by using the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test procedure that is specially modified for testing of the RAP mortars. The modification involved the development of a new kind of mold and different testing parameters. The RAP material used in the experimental study were both extracted from real reclaimed pavement and prepared in the laboratory, by aging binder through repeated PAV cycles. The results indicate the new procedure can capture the effect of aged properties of bitumen in the RAP and can be used to estimate the PG low temperature grade of the blended binder. Although data is limited in size, the modification of the BBR appears to be simple and provide repeatable data.     

Compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder

The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder (PMB) successfully. To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB, the Penetration grade tests including penetration, soften point, ductility and elastic recovery and Superpave™ PG grade tests including DSR, BBR and DDT were conducted. The rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing a fluid recycling agent in common use for binder rejuvenation was evaluated. And then the compound rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing the recycling agent with a new modifying additive for binder modification was evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the recycling agent in common use currently does not apply to polymer modified asphalt binder rejuvenation. But the recycling agent together with the modifying additive can restore the characteristics of aged polymer modified binder very well. Therefore, compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder is recommended.     

泡沫温拌再生沥青高低温性能研究

为研究回收沥青掺量对泡沫温拌沥青高低温性能的影响,分别对掺加0%、20%、40%、60%、80%回收沥青的泡沫温拌沥青进行软化点、DSR和BBR试验。试验表明:随着回收沥青掺量的增加,泡沫温拌再生沥青的软化点、车辙因子和破坏温度值逐渐升高;当回收沥青的掺量达到60%及以上时,泡沫温拌再生沥青胶结料的高温性能明显改善;胶结料试样的低温抗裂性能随着回收沥青掺量比例的增加而逐渐降低,当回收沥青的掺量大于40%时,泡沫温拌再生沥青的蠕变劲度S和蠕变速率m值不能满足规范要求,低温抗裂性能较差;建议回收沥青的掺量小于60%。     

RET复配SBR改性沥青流变特性及机理分析

为了解决沥青路面使用性能要求越来越高的问题,提出采用反应型聚合物沥青改性剂( reactive elastomeric terpolymer, RET)复配丁苯橡胶( styrene-butadiene rubber,SBR)的方案来获得综合性能优越且性价比较高的改性沥青。通过多应力蠕变恢复( MSCR)试验、小梁弯曲( BBR)试验、原子力显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱试验对不同RET掺量与SBR复配改性沥青的流变特性及其微观改性机理进行了研究。结果表明：掺加适量的RET后,RET、SBR和基质沥青相互发生化学交联反应,复合改性沥青中形成新的大分子物质和化学交联网络结构,显著提高了复合改性沥青的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及其稳定性,可有效延缓沥青路面早期破坏的发生。     

沥青结合料疲劳失效定义与失效准则

为了更好地理解沥青结合料的疲劳失效特性,以黏弹连续介质损伤力学为分析手段,通过加速疲劳试验和传统时间扫描疲劳试验系统研究了基质沥青和改性沥青在不同加载条件下的疲劳失效行为.研究发现,基于虚应变能理论提出的将最大存储虚应变能指标作为沥青加速疲劳试验中的疲劳失效新定义,与现象学指标相位角峰值有着很好的等效性,并和时间扫描试验中的疲劳失效定义保持了一致,进而依据疲劳失效定义建立了虚应变能释放率和材料疲劳寿命之间的特性关系准则.该特性准则与试验方法和加载条件无关,可作为统一的疲劳失效准则运用于沥青结合料的疲劳性能预测.     

超硬质沥青改性结合料流变性能分析

为研究超硬质沥青(super hard asphalt,SHA)对超硬质沥青结合料的高、低温流变的影响效果,采用SHA作为改性剂对AH-90道路石油沥青进行改性,制备了不同质量分数（5%、6%、7%和8%）的SHA改性结合料,并进行动态剪切流变试验、多应力蠕变恢复试验及小梁弯曲蠕变试验. 试验结果表明:其适用于时温等效原理;SHA的掺入会有效提高沥青结合料的车辙因子G^*/sin δ,沥青混合料的高温性能得到明显改善;随着SHA掺量的增加,沥青结合料的平均应变恢复率R逐渐升高,不可恢复蠕变柔量J_nr逐渐降低,掺加SHA有利于提高沥青结合料高温抗变形能力与变形恢复能力;随着SHA的掺入,沥青结合料的蠕变劲度S与蠕变劲度变化率m变化幅度不大,对沥青结合料的低温抗裂性能影响不大. SHA改性沥青结合料高温抗车辙性能优异,低温性能相对于基质沥青PG分级保持不变.     

Road performances of mesoporous nano-silica modified asphalt binders

The objective of this paper was to find new modifier to improve the aging resistance and low temperature cracking resistance of asphalt. To investigate the aging resistance of modified asphalt binders, mesoporous nano-silica(doping Ti~(4+)) was used as a asphalt modifier. Some physical properties including penetration, ductility, and softening point of asphalt were analyzed with RTFO(Rotating thin film oven) aging and ultraviolet aging. Moreover, the performances of high and low temperature of modified asphalt binders with pressure aging were tested by dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) test and bending beam rheometer(BBR) test. These results showed that the penetration decreased, low temperature ductility, and softening point increased when adding mesoporous nano-silica to base asphalt. After ultraviolet radiation aging, the penetration loss and ductility loss of modified asphalt decreased than that of original asphalt, the increase of softening point was also significantly reduced than that of base asphalt. Furthermore, The test results of DSR and BBR showed that the G*sinδ and creep modulus‘s' of pressure aged asphalt decreased, but the creep rate ‘m' increased. It can be concluded that the aging resistance and cracking resistance of modified asphalt are improved by adding mesoporous nano-silica, especially the doping of Ti~(4+) could improve the aging resistance obviously.