专利选登

专利名称：一种防止钢丝热镀锌漏镀的助镀剂的制备方法 本发明涉及一种防止钢丝热镀锌表面漏镀的助镀剂制备方法。该方法包括将盐酸酸洗后的钢丝经水洗后,浸入氯化铵水溶液槽中,从钢丝热镀锌熔融的锌锅底部捞出锌渣,冷却后放入氯化铵水溶液槽中,将含有氯化铵的水溶液加热并使温度保持在70～75℃,其中氯化铵的初始质量浓度为30～45g／L,初始pH为2～3,利用盐酸酸洗后的钢丝带进的盐酸与锌渣发生化学反应生成氯化锌的方法,     

低碳钢丝焊网热镀锌工艺的改进

根据低碳钢热镀锌原理,指出低碳钢丝焊网热镀锌工艺存在的主要问题是工艺不完善、锌液成分不合理、镀后抹拭材料及方法不当等。采用复合除锈剂强化除锈效果,用氯化锌与氯化铵质量比为1.2~1.6的混合溶液代替单一的氯化铵作为助镀剂,增加助镀后烘干工序,采用无机物和珍珠岩混合材料作为抹拭剂等改进措施,使镀锌层表面光滑,焊接位置无积锌,锌耗比改进前降低2%。     

热镀锌亚铁离子的连续清除工艺技术

清除热镀锌助镀剂溶液中亚铁离子的方法是先将亚铁离子氧化成 3价铁离子 ,然后将其变为零电荷沉淀除去。此化学过程通过一个先进的双室电解槽来完成。要达到稳定连续除铁的效果 ,需要对热镀锌前处理工序的一些参数加以控制。阐述了导致最终镀层比实际所需镀层要厚的原因。     

热镀锌钢丝表面处理工艺

针对国内钢丝热镀锌生产能耗高、环境条件差等问题,结合现有生产实际情况,改进热镀锌钢丝表面处理生产工艺。预处理采用电解脱脂、电解酸洗、直线溢流漂洗工艺。对电解脱脂、电解酸洗机制进行分析,当温度为60～70℃,电流密度为5～15A/dm2,时间为5～10s时,脱脂效果较好;当阳极电流密度为2.0～2.5A/dm2,阴极电流密度为5.0～10.0A/dm2,时间为1～1.5min时,电解酸洗效果较好。介绍一种具有专利技术的复合助镀剂,其使用温度较常规助镀剂低15～20℃。     

氯化铵助镀液中加热管的阴极保护

<正> 1 前言碳钢在进入锌缸镀锌之前必须浸蘸经加热的助镀剂,使其获得干燥、无锈的洁净表面,以便在与熔融状态锌液接触时不致引起溅爆,从而得到均匀而牢固的镀锌层。我厂采用10%左右浓度的氯化铵水溶液作为钢丝热镀锌的助镀剂,溶液稍呈酸性,pH值5.5～6。经过加热的氯化铵助镀液腐蚀性很强。实践证明,花岗岩石料制做的助镀槽使用寿命长久,维修操作简便,确是一种令人满意的耐蚀、耐热材料。     

热镀锌钢丝清洁生产的途径

针对钢丝热镀锌采用的化学高温脱脂、室温盐酸除锈、单一氯化铵溶剂助镀、上加热熔锌造成的能耗高、生产环境差等问题,采用国内比较先进的超声波脱脂、常温盐酸快速除锈以及复合助镀剂、内加热陶瓷锌锅等技术,达到改善操作环境、节约能源、提高钢丝质量的目的。     

桨板打包用镀锌钢丝工艺流程优化

针对桨板打包用镀锌钢丝锌层附着性优良,具有一定抗拉强度和断裂伸长率的要求,制定企业标准Q/320281PF04—2008。对桨板打包用镀锌钢丝进行使用受力分析,提出原料及成品钢丝的性能要求,并优化生产工艺流程:由热镀锌替代电镀锌,表面脱脂回火处理利用450～550℃的等温铅锅,加热时间为8～10 s;酸洗采用质量浓度为80～150 g/L盐酸进行常温酸洗;助镀剂氯化铵质量浓度为80～120 g/L,助镀温度不小于70℃;热镀锌锌锅温度为450℃,Dv值为90 mm.m/min,采用垫擦抹锌方式,锌层面质量不小于40 g/m2。热镀锌成品钢丝锌层表面光滑平整、直径均匀,与钢丝基体的结合力远大于电镀锌钢丝。     

热镀锌工艺中助镀时间的集总参数法研究与应用

钢铁构件在助镀液中的助镀时间是热镀锌工艺中非常重要的参数,合适的助镀时间可提高镀层表面质量,降低锌耗.根据能量平衡原则,用集总参数法求解钢铁构件在助镀液中温度随时间的变化关系,由钢铁构件的结构和尺寸,可计算出相应的时间常数.以生产实际为例,并考虑化学反应时间和生产效率,当助镀时间取时间常数的2倍左右时,助镀效果较好,镀...     

钢丝热镀锌铝——稀土合金

本文简单介绍对钢丝热镀锌铝——稀土合金的试验室、工业性试验以及助镀剂的初步研究,考查了添加某些合金元素对镀层各种特性的影响。试验结果表明含锌量<0.2%的锌铝——稀土合金镀层的耐腐蚀性为纯锌镀层的2～3倍,所镀钢丝的力学性能较好。     

钢丝单镀Galfan合金工艺的研究

优良的耐蚀性能使Galfan(Zn - 5 %Al-RE)合金镀层最有希望代替传统的镀锌。Galfan合金的熔点低于纯锌 ,采用合金镀层既降低了能耗 ,又有利于保持材料的力学性能。Galfan合金镀层的加工性能也优于热镀锌层。由于铝改变了镀液的性质 ,用一般助镀剂无法得到Galfan合金镀层的钢丝。介绍单镀Galfan合金镀层钢丝的热浸镀工艺流程、装备改造后的生产线及为满足产品质量所采取的措施。     

Cadmium studies on the effect of environment, soil and variety on tobacco and cadmium transfer into cigarette smoke

The results as outlined in this paper are based on a 10-year-investigation by the Tobacco Research Institute, Forchheim. Emissions into the environment may lead to higher Cd-content of tobacco and other crops. Geological soil conditions may influence the soil/plant--Cd-transfer. Genetically dependent variety differences in Cd-uptake can be found in field as well as in greenhouse experiments. A comparison between domestic and foreign leaf tobaccos showed Cd-levels at the same order of magnitude. Analyses of German cigarette brands (with and without filter) demonstrated that 0.05 micrograms Cd/cigarette are transferred from cigarette tobacco into the mainstream smoke, corresponding to a mean transfer rate of 5.1%.     

棉织物用有机胍类抗菌整理研究

探讨了有机抗菌剂盐酸聚六亚甲基胍整理到棉织物上的最佳工艺条件，确定了抗菌剂的浓度、pH值，交联剂的种类及其用量，还对抗菌织物的白度和强力等服用性能进行了测试。实验结果表明在1％的抗菌整理液中加入1％的柠檬酸，pH8～9，浴比1：15时可以获得抗菌效果优良的抗菌织物，且具有好的耐洗性。     

低焦油、低自由基、富硒烤烟型卷烟的研制

为了提高卷烟的安全性,本文研制开发了一种低焦油、低自由基、硒含量较高的烤烟型卷烟。在研制过程中,利用一系列工艺技术,如选择能够促进有机化合物裂解、减少干馏物形成的催化剂添加到卷烟烟丝中来降低焦油释放量;选择能够提高燃烧锥温度和燃烧速率的助燃剂;添加高效能的自由基捕获剂来捕获卷烟燃烧过程中产生的自由基;在叶组配方中使用一定量的富硒烟叶等。同时,在产品的设计中采用了高透气度盘纸、烟丝膨胀技术和有添加剂的卷烟滤嘴等卷烟降焦技术。研究结果表明:研制的卷烟焦油量在12 mg/支以下,自由基总量降低了40%,微量元素硒成功地导入到主流烟气中,研制的卷烟主流烟气硒含量比普通卷烟的硒含量增加了140%。      

无心磨床磨削工件的力学应用

外圆无心磨削是不定心的磨削 ,由托板支承靠工件自身外圆定位进行磨削。为了得到无心磨床磨削工件时托板的合理角度 ,确保不同工件被磨削后的精度和表面粗糙度 ,本文通过对无心磨床磨削工件的受力分析 ,利用力的平衡方程式导出托板倾斜的角度公式。经实例验算 ,结果与实际相符。     

Development of a method to assess cigarette smoke intake

Tar and nicotine deliveries of cigarettes measured using current standardized smoking machine protocols provide poor estimates of smoke exposure. The characteristics of human smoking behavior vary considerably and differ from the rigid parameters used with current standardized smoking machine protocols. Current alternatives, including measurement of biomarkers, are invasive, time-dependent, and can be too expensive to be used as mechanisms for carrying out large-scale investigations required to help determine the influence of cigarette design on smoking behaviors. To obtain more reasonable estimates of mainstream smoke exposure, we developed a method to quantitatively measure solanesol, a naturally occurring component in tobacco that is deposited during smoking in the cigarette filter butt. Quantification of solanesol extracted from the filters using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is efficient, rapid, and extremely reliable. We found that the amount of solanesol deposited in a cigarette filter is related to the mainstream smoke deliveries of tar and nicotine under a variety of smoking conditions. In addition, the amount of solanesol trapped in the filter remains stable at least 4 weeks after smoking. Measuring solanesol in cigarette filters as an exposure marker provides a noninvasive means to obtain reasonable estimates of mainstream tar and nicotine smoke deliveries under a wide variety of smoking conditions.     

装封箱机推烟装置控制系统改进

为解决在条烟推进烟箱时,装封箱机频繁出现第1垛25条烟倾倒的问题。结合统计数据,采用"人、机、料、法、环"等因素对条烟倾倒现象进行分析,找出问题的主要原因:入箱推板与烟垛之间摩擦力太小、电机入箱推进动作无缓冲。采用入箱推进推板加装负压吸盘、设计电气线路对负压风的通断进行控制、入箱推进电机安装变频器等方法成功解决了条烟倾倒的问题。改进后每天可以避免因烟垛倾倒造成的12次停机,每天可减少烟箱损失36个。     

等离子体改性醋酯纤维的烟焦油吸附性能

采用低温常压等离子体对醋酯纤维进行表面改性处理,以提高其对烟焦油的吸附性能.为模拟人的吸烟过程,自行设计了一套烟焦油吸附装置.采用单因素和正交试验,研究了等离子体处理电压、时间、氩气流量和极板间距等因素对烟焦油吸附性能的影响.结果表明,等离子体改性处理的最优工艺为:电压180V,时间90s,氩气流量3L/min,极板间距3mm.采用优化工艺处理的醋酯纤维,对烟焦油的吸附量比常规醋酯纤维高41.73％.     

单料烤烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物及其与感官质量相关性分析

考察了云南部分烟叶产地、部位和品种对主流烟气中主要酚类化合物含量的影响及与感官质量之间的相关关系,结果表明:主流烟气中的主要酚类化合物包括对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、苯酚、间甲酚、对甲酚和邻甲酚,这7种酚类化合物的含量受烟叶的产地、部位和品种的影响较大,变异系数均大于15%,最高达到80%,其中着生部位的影响最大,最大变异系数达到63.5%;在主流烟气中这7种酚类化合物的含量间呈现复杂的关系,均表现为极显著的正相关.通过因子分析发现,主流烟气中这7种酚类化合物的含量与感官质量部分指标间也有较为明显的相关性,随着综合得分的增加,劲头和烟气浓度的感官得分均增加,而刺激性和湿润程度得分显著减少,香型偏向浓香型,对香气、杂气和余味影响较小.     

Tobacco flakes on cigarette filters grow bacteria: a potential health risk to the smoker?

Bacterial growth from a single flake of tobacco was documented for cigarettes that had been purchased recently from local vendors and from cigarettes that had been stored for more than six years in a warehouse. In a novel tobacco flake assay, a pack of cigarettes was opened within the sterile environment of a laminar flow hood. A single flake of tobacco was collected randomly and aseptically from the middle of the cigarette column and placed onto the surface of a blood agar plate. The test cigarettes included eight different popular US brands, and these were from three different tobacco companies. After 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, the plates showed bacterial growth for tobacco from all brands of cigarettes. Further, more than 90% of the individual tobacco flakes of a given brand grew bacteria. Likewise, bacteria grew from microparticulate tobacco that had been sieved from cigarettes. Tobacco flakes were observed lying loosely on the cut surface of the filter of cigarettes in newly opened packs, and bacteria grew from cigarette filters that had been touched to the surface of a blood agar plate. In conclusion, the results of these studies predict that diverse microbes and microbial toxins are carried by tobacco microparticulates that are released from the cigarette during smoking, and carried into mainstream smoke that is sucked deep into the lung.     

卷烟烟气中自由基清除的研究进展

自由基是卷烟烟气中主要的一类有害物质,对人体有很大的毒害作用。本文介绍了烟气中自由基的一些基本情况及其对人体的危害,并进一步对国内外烟气中自由基清除剂的种类、作用机理及应用研究情况进行了综述。