SnO2含量对AgSnO2电接触材料组织与性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备出银氧化锡电接触材料，研究了不同含量的氧化锡对材料组织性能的影响，随着氧化锡含量的增加，材料的导电率和抗熔蚀性能越来越差。在氧化锡含量为5wt％和8wt％时材料的性能相差较小，电接触性能较好。从降低成本及不降低材料性能来说，最佳氧化锡含量为8wt％。     

制备工艺对Ag/SnO2材料力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金和反应合成两种工艺制备了Ag/SnO2电接触材料,分析了两种工艺对显微组织的影响,发现反应合成法制备的Ag/SnO2材料经热挤压后,SnO2颗粒呈纤维状排列,颗粒细小,分散均匀,与基体浸润良好.断裂拉伸测试和分析表明,粉末冶金法制备的Ag/SnO2材料的拉伸断口形貌由许多互相连接的撕裂棱和韧窝组成,表现为韧断;而反应合成法制备的断口形貌韧窝更加细小,显示出近脆性断裂特征.最后比较了两种方法制备的Ag/SnO2材料的抗拉强度、延伸率、硬度等力学性能.     

新技术、新工艺、新装置

反应合成技术制备银氧化锡电接触材料获得突破2003年11月7日,云南省科技厅主持邀请有关专家对昆明理工大学和昆明贵金属研究所承担的云南省科技攻关项目“银氧化锡电接触复合材料反应合成新技术研究”进行验收鉴定。该项目采用昆明理工大学陈敬超教授等人发明的具有自主知识产权的反应合成技术制备银氧化锡电接触材料、开发可替代银氧化镉材料的银氧化锡产品,其技术特点是:材料制备过程与粉末冶金法相当,材料合成技术与内氧化法相近;原料准备简单、工艺流程短,氧化锡颗粒的弥散随加工过程完成,易于材料的后续加工,生产过程无污染、产品质量…     

SnO2添加剂对AgCuOIn2O3复合材料电接触性能的影响

采用反应合成法结合塑性变形工艺制备了不同SnO2含量的AgCuOIn2O3SnO2电触头材料,在JF04C触点材料测试机上对不同SnO2含量的电触头材料进行电接触实验,研究了该材料的接触电阻、抗熔焊性和材料转移特性,并通过扫描电镜对试样阴/阳表面电侵蚀下的微观形貌进行了分析.结果表明AgCuOIn2O3SnO2触头材料...     

AgSnO2电触点材料制备方法进展

综合评价了AgSnO2电触点材料的制备方法,对比分析了粉末冶金法、合金内氧化法、预氧化合金粉末法和反应合成法等几种制备方法的优缺点,简要介绍了AgSnO2电触点材料的应用进展及国内外差距,并展望了AgSnO2电触点材料的发展趋势.     

AgSnO_2触头材料电弧侵蚀特征的分子动力学模拟

研究电接触材料电弧侵蚀作用过程中灭弧过程的微观机理,采用分子动力学和实验的方法对反应合成的AgSnO2电接触材料的熔池行为进行模拟。结果表明:根据起弧时的物相所构建的模型,能够准确地模拟熔池特征,熔池内部物质运动和存在状态是决定耐电弧侵蚀的关键因素。可通过增加反应合成AgSnO2电接触材料与基体浸润的氧化物组分,以及氧化物发生物态变化、化学分解过程来达到熄弧的目的。     

La掺杂AgSnO2触头材料的电性能

由于Cd有毒性,AgSnO2触头材料逐渐取代了 AgCdO 成为新型触头材料,但由于AgSnO2触头材料中的SnO2近乎绝缘,使得触头材料的接触电阻增大,故改善SnO2的导电性是急需解决的重大难题.本文提出了一种简单的、低成本的La掺杂AgSnO2触头材料的设计方法.采用模拟计算的方法,利用第一性原理的密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势法,建立了SnO2以及不同比例La掺杂的SnO2超晶胞模型,在对其进行几何优化之后分别研究了 La掺杂比为50%、25%、16. 67%、12. 5%、8.34% 的SnO2材料的电子结构,并研究了其晶格参数、能带结构和态密度等.结果表明,掺杂后材料晶胞体积变大. La的5d轨道进入导带,使得导带底向低能端移动,禁带宽度变小.最终得出La掺杂比为16.67% 时导电性最佳.最后进行了不同掺杂比下触头材料的电接触性能试验,得到了接触电阻和燃弧能量等电接触性能参数并验证了模拟结果.因此,本文的研究为触头材料的发展和应用提供了理论依据.     

载银SnO2复合微球的制备及表征

以结晶四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O)和尿素为原料,采用溶剂热法在180℃下反应12h制备出了单分散性良好的SnO2微球,并通过原位化学还原法在SnO2微球表面沉积银纳米颗粒制备表面载银的SnO2复合微球。考察了表面活性剂的种类及SnCl4·5H2O的浓度对微球形貌的影响,分析了Ag纳米颗粒在微球表面分布的均匀性。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等分析手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,以PEG6000为模板导向剂,SnCl4浓度为2mmol时,可以得到分散性良好、直径约为1μm的SnO2微球,微球由平均晶粒尺寸约为5nm的SnO2纳米晶粒组装而成;以Sn2+活化处理SnO2微球,弱还原剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)还原Ag+,可以得到Ag纳米颗粒均匀沉积的载银SnO2复合微球。     

缓释型载银抗菌SiO2纳米多孔块材的合成

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了载银抗菌SiO2多孔块体材料，利用紫外可见吸收光谱分析不同温度下烧结的SiO2块体中银的价态；此抗菌块材能长期稳定地析出银离子(14天)，可有效地用作水处理剂；对大肠杆菌作抑菌环和杀菌率实验均证明此种材料具有良好的抑菌和杀菌性，因此，经600℃热处理后可制得比表面积高、孔径分布窄、杀菌性能佳的抗菌块体。     

电子束熔炼制备块体钨的组织与显微硬度研究

钨材料具有极高的熔点,传统上采用粉末冶金方法制备,获得的钨材料具有晶粒细小、微观组织均匀等优点, 但致密性不足。为进一步提升钨材料的性能,本研究将98.3%的钨粉和1.7%的碳粉均匀混合,在1 800 ℃、26 MPa条件下热压成型,而后采用电子束熔炼技术对成型后的钨块进行熔炼,利用金相显微镜、SEM、显微硬度计等对其显微组织、致密度和显微硬度进行评价,并与传统粉末冶金法制备的块体钨的性能进行了对比。结果表明:电子束熔炼制备的钨锭冶金质量好,致密度可达99.8%；试样的显微硬度达到9.16 GPa,显著高于粉末冶金法制备的块体钨材料,突破了热压烧结工艺制备块体钨的致密度-显微硬度的关系；经1 300 ℃、6 h退火热处理后,显微硬度略有下降,但仍达到8.86 GPa,显示出电子束熔炼技术在制备块体钨硬度性能方面的优势。     

新型AgSnO2触头材料的制备和电弧侵蚀特性

用高能球磨技术和热压烧结方法制备出新型AgSnO2触头，XRD、光学显微镜和TEM分析表明，在该合金的微观组织中纳米Sn02弥散分布于Ag晶粒内，与常规AgSn02 In2O2触头相比，AgSn02触头的表面没有明显的液体喷溅和燃弧裂纹，呈现出比较好的耐电弧侵蚀特性．     

Influence of Metal Oxides on the Arc Erosion Behaviour of Silver Metal Oxides Electrical Contact Materials

In the present work investigations have been made to see the role of metal oxides on the performance of the silver metal oxides electrical contact materials. Silver metal oxide materials of three different compositions Ag-10CdO, Ag-7.6SnO2-2.3ln2O3 and Ag-10ZnO were prepared by internal oxidation process under identical processing conditions. These materials were tested for electrical conductivity, hardness, and erosion loss. Performing an accelerated test on the actual contactor assessed the electrical performance, involving erosion loss and temperature rise of the processed materials. The arc-eroded surface was characterized under scanning electron microscope. The study of the eroded surfaces of contacts indicates that the thermal stability of metal oxides depends on nature of silver-metal oxide interface and their mode of erosion. An attempt is made to correlate the surface features of the eroded contacts with the thermal stability of metal oxides.     

低压继电器用AgSnO2触头材料的研究进展

简述了低压继电器用触头材料的工作状态、性能要求和AgSnO2材料的典型制备工艺.通过分析电弧侵蚀作用后的触头表面组织结构及其对电性能的影响,提出了降低接触电阻、增强界面结合强度和分散电弧的主要改善手段,并展望了AgSnO2材料的发展趋势.     

Preparation of multi-functional fabric via silver/reduced graphene oxide coating with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) modification

In order to obtain multi-functional textile, polyester (PET) fabric was modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) followed by silver/reduced graphene oxide (Ag/RGO) coating through chemical reduction method. The Ag/RGO coated PET fabrics were systematically characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The deposit weight, electrical resistance, static voltage half-life period, heat generation and water contact angle tests of the fabrics with and without PDDA modification were evaluated. It is concluded that there are uniform and dense silver particles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets deposit on the surface of the PET fabric modified with PDDA. Compared with the coated fabric without PDDA modification, the Ag/RGO coated PET fabric modified with PDDA shows lower electrical resistance of 0.173 Ω/sq, excellent antistatic property with half-life period of 0.5 s, heat generation with temperature keeping to 69.6 °C at voltage of 4 V and hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 140.1°. Furthermore, the PDDA modification improves adhesion between Ag/RGO coating and PET substrate. In addition, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE), absorption and reflection characteristics were determined by a vector network analyzer in 1 GHz–18 GHz X-band range. The results exhibit that Ag/RGO coated PET fabric possesses an excellent EMI SE ranging from 52 to 57 dB and could be used as lightweight and flexible electromagnetic absorption materials.     

Electroless silver plating of oxide particles in aqueous solution

It has been demonstrated that silver could be plated on colloidal oxides by reducing silver salts in the presence of colloidal oxides in aqueous solution. In this electroless plating manner, silver coatings have been applied to colloidal silica, tin oxide and to these colloids which have previously been coated with a few monolayers of tin silicate. Data from this study have demonstrated the technical feasibility of electroless plating for the preparation of silver-tin oxide composites as a source of this material for electrical contact materials.     

Surface structure of silver thin films on In2O3:Sn and Al2O 3 †

Surface structure of thin silver films (200 Å) on two technologically important films, indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminium oxide, has been studied using scanning tunneling microscope. ITO films were prepared by reactive electron beam evaporation. Aluminium oxide films were prepared by oxidizing 2000 Å thick aluminium films evaporated on to H₂ terminated single crystal silicon substrates. The surface structure of silver on ITO and aluminium oxide appeared to be same and was characteristic of Stranski-Krastanov type. The observed asymmetry in the island shape was attributed to the anisotropic nature of the strain fields surrounding the nucleation centres.     

The surface and bulk properties of CuO ribbons and ZnO particles mixture using physical adsorption and gamma ray attenuation techniques

In the present work, we investigate the surface, and bulk structural properties of composite cupric oxide ribbons, and zinc oxide particles. The composites are synthesized using the technique of solution combustion. Crystallographic phases are confirmed using the x-ray diffraction technique and proved the formation of monoclinic cupric oxide and hexagonal zinc oxide crystallites. Scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope are used to examine the morphology of the prepared materials. Composite mixtures of raw particles cupric oxide and zinc oxide are used as benchmark morphologically-alike composite materials. The specific surface area values of the studied materials are investigated using nitrogen gas adsorption at 77 K while the spectroscopic gamma ray attenuation is used to determine the effective density of the different samples. Zinc oxide particles are dispersed on cupric oxide ribbons and cause nonlinear dependence of the specific surface area and density on the composition ratio due to the physical contact between particles, especially at the voids and the nodes of the fibrous ribbons network.     

An investigation of contact resistance between carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminate and printed silver electrode for damage monitoring

An addressable conducting network (ACN) enables the structural condition to be monitored by the electrical resistance between electrodes on surface of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) structure. To improve the reliability of ACN for damage detection, the contact resistance between the electrodes and CFRP laminates needs to be minimized. In this paper, the silver nanoparticles electrodes were fabricated via printed electronics techniques on CFRP composite. The contact resistance between the silver electrodes and CFRP was measured with respect to various fabrication conditions such as the sintering temperature of silver nanoink and the surface roughness of CFRP laminates. The interfaces between silver electrode and carbon fibers were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the study, it was found that the lowest contact resistance of 0.3664 Ω could be achieved when the sintering temperature of the silver nanoink and surface roughness were 120 °C and 230 nm, respectively.     

Performance improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells by surface patterning of fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent electrodes

The surface modification of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes was carried out by lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching to improve the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The concentration of Cl₂ gas and dc-bias voltage to the substrate were varied as the main etch parameters. The transmittance and sheet resistance of the FTO electrodes were compared before and after etching. The DSSCs fabricated on the patterned FTO electrodes showed higher conversion efficiency than those fabricated on the ordinary FTO electrodes without patterns. Scanning electron microscopy showed that more TiO₂ particles could be involved in the DSSCs with patterned FTO electrodes, and that the contact between the TiO₂ layer and electrode were improved by patterning the FTO electrode. The current-voltage curves and incident photon to current efficiency spectra showed that a significantly higher photocurrent was produced in the DSSCs fabricated on the patterned FTO.