蒸馏车间减压渣油换热器出口阀杆断裂原因分析

蒸馏车间减压渣油换热器出口阀杆发生了断裂。对该断裂阀杆进行了宏观检验、化学成分、显微组织、扫描电镜、力学性能分析。结果表明,断裂主要原因是阀杆在调质时回火时间短或回火温度低,以及锤击缺口处形成裂纹源,而后由于振动疲劳载荷作用,最后发生瞬间断裂。针对断裂原因提出了改进方案。     

阀杆断裂分析

对阀杆进行宏观检查、金相显微组织观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试试验和拉伸试验,结果表明:该阀杆因为同时受到交变应力和附加弯曲应力的共同作用,在阀杆外表面处产生微裂纹,微裂纹逐渐扩展,致使阀杆的有效承载面积逐步缩小,直至发生断裂。阀杆断裂的主要原因是:阀杆的硬度偏高,强度偏低,力学性能不符合要求,而且长期在高应力的交替作用下导致其发生疲劳断裂。     

42CrMo钢阀杆断裂失效分析

42CrMo钢阀杆在使用过程中倒角部因承受较大的力而发生断裂。采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对液压件渗碳表层及过渡层的组织特征进行分析，用显微硬度计测定阀杆硬化层深度和硬度梯度分布，从组织结构和硬度分布分析失效原因。结果显示，阀杆的强度和硬度都低于技术条件要求，阀杆的结构设计以及硬度和强度降低是阀杆断裂的最主要原因。     

GH901高温合金CV阀阀杆断裂原因分析

某电站300MW机组汽轮机的多个GH901高温合金材质的高压调节阀阀杆相继发生断裂。为查找断裂原因,采用宏观形貌观察、化学分析、显微组织观察、力学性能试验以及析出相能谱分析等方法,对断裂阀杆进行研究。结果表明:由于阀杆材料热处理不当,组织异常,导致材料塑性差、脆性大、缺口敏感性差。在长期运行过程中,由于阀门调节频繁,阀芯处摆动大,引起下部阀杆圆弧过渡区受到较大的弯曲应力,造成阀杆在薄弱处被掰断。     

往复式压缩机连杆的失效原因

某企业乙二醇回收气往复式压缩机连杆大头盖及其紧固螺栓发生了断裂事故。对该连杆大头盖和紧固螺栓进行了断口宏观形貌、材料化学成分、扫描电镜、显微组织等的检验分析。结果表明:造成此次压缩机事故的主要原因是压缩机连杆螺栓预紧力不足导致连杆两瓦之间存在间隙,造成该部位螺栓表面产生微动磨损诱发裂纹源,产生疲劳断裂,进而导致连杆大头盖断裂、连杆发生弯曲变形。     

排气阀片断裂分析及改进

对压缩机排气阀片的材料成分、显微硬度、显微组织进行分析,同时对相关的限位器、阀板进行受力分析,认为排气阀片的断裂是由于限位器的结构不合理,使排气阀片在与限位器接触点处形成很高的点应力集中,导致早期疲劳断裂。重新调整设计限位器的结构形状,使点接触变为线接触,改善了阀片的受力状态,从而提高了阀片的疲劳寿命。     

排气阀片断裂分析及改进

对压缩机排气阀片的材料成分、显微硬度、显微组织进行分析，同时对相关的限位器、阀板进行受力分析，认为排气阀片的断裂是由于限位器的结构不合理，使排气阀片在与限位器接触点处形成很高的点应力集中，导致早期疲劳断裂。重新调整设计限位器的结构形状，使点接触变为线接触，改善了阀片的受力状态，从而提高了阀片的疲劳寿命。     

GH4033高温合金螺栓断裂原因分析

催化装置滑阀螺栓使用时发生断裂,导致阀体导轨和阀板脱落.通过对滑阀导轨GH4033螺栓进行宏观观察、化学成分分析、显微组织检查、断口分析、微观观察,确定其断裂原因.结果表明:该螺栓是由高温蠕变损伤引起的沿晶脆性断裂;因热处理不当,螺栓组织中晶粒粗大,第二相和沿晶碳化物较少,弱化细晶强化、第二相强化和晶界强化作用,导致蠕...     

火电厂发电机组汽轮机阀杆断裂分析

通过对断裂阀杆进行化学成分分析、宏观检查、金相显微组织观察与分析以及硬度测试,分析汽轮机阀杆的断裂原因。结果表明,受检汽轮机主汽阀杆退刀槽外表面存在明显的加工刀痕,增大了应力集中,并使裂纹源提前产生。材料的有害元素P含量偏高,使材料的抗疲劳强度下降。阀杆在拉压应力和交变热应力的作用下,退刀槽处引起应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹源产生,造成阀杆脆性断裂。     

再热主汽阀执行机构弹簧摩擦断裂分析

电厂再热主汽阀使用一段时间后,其执行机构弹簧多处出现摩擦磨损,部分摩擦位置已经出现裂纹甚至断裂失效。通过显微硬度、金相组织、宏微观分析等手段对失效弹簧进行分析,确定了弹簧发生断裂失效的主要原因。结果表明:使用过程中弹簧处于横置状态,与底部限位钢管接触并发生摩擦磨损,产生硬而脆的摩擦白层,白层组织内含有大量微裂纹,弹簧内切应力的作用促进了裂纹扩展并最终导致弹簧断裂失效。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.