CuO+TiO2复相添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能和显微结构的影响及其烧结动力学分析

研究了CuO＋TiO2复相添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能，显微结构的影响以及形成液相时氧化铝陶瓷烧结动力学。添加剂的加入极大的促进了氧化铝陶瓷的烧结。当CuO与TiO2质量比为1：2的时候，氧化铝样品致密度最高。液相含量对致密度有明显影响，液相含量越高，烧结速率越快。添加剂的存在使氧化铝晶粒细化，晶粒形貌为等轴状。利用等温烧结的实验方法研究了烧结动力学，结果表明，是由氧离子和铝离子的扩散作用控制了烧结过程。     

以MnO2-TiO2-MgO为添加剂注浆成型低温烧结Al2O3陶瓷

采用注浆成型方法,通过加入MnO2-TiO2-MgO复相添加剂,在1350℃空气气氛中常压烧结,获得了相对密度最大为95.7%的氧化铝陶瓷.研究了MnO2-TiO2-MgO复相添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响.在添加质量分数为3%MnO2,0.5%MgO的情况下,比较添加不同质量分数的TiO2(1.0～3.0%)对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能的影响.通过对比发现,该复相添加剂能有效降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度,在同一温度下,随着TiO2的增加,烧结体密度也随之增加,强度也有明显差别.结果表明,1350℃下Al2O3+0.5%MgO+3%MnO2+1.5%TiO2体系烧结效果最好,断口为沿晶断裂,无明显气孔,晶粒分布均匀,平均粒径为2μm,无晶粒异常长大现象.烧结体密度达到3.80g/cm3,抗弯强度为243MPa.     

Al2TiO5添加量对MgO-Al2TiO5复合陶瓷烧结及抗热震性的影响

以纳米MgO粉为原料,选用以纳米Al2O3粉和纳米TiO2粉经1500℃保温3 h烧结制备的Al2TiO5为添加剂,采用固相烧结法经1500℃保温3 h制备了Al2TiO5质量分数分别为0、5%、10%和20%的MgO-Al2TiO5复合陶瓷,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等研究了Al2TiO5添加量对MgO-Al2TiO5复合陶瓷烧结性能及抗热震性能的影响。结果表明:添加Al2TiO5有利于促进复合陶瓷的烧结,其体积密度和线收缩率随Al2TiO5添加量的增加而增大,当Al2TiO5添加量为20%(w)时,其体积密度和线收缩率分别为3.68 g·cm-3和22.07%;当Al2TiO5添加量为10%(w)时,其抗热震性能最佳。Al2TiO5位于方镁石晶粒交界处,抑制方镁石晶粒生长,阻碍裂纹扩展,使MgO-Al2TiO5复合陶瓷的抗热震性能得到改善。     

低温烧结氧化铝陶瓷的动力学研究

用CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃(CMS-G)和TiO2为烧结助剂,在1450℃下实现了氧化铝陶瓷的致密烧结.探讨了CMS-G和TiO2质量百分含量对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构以及其烧结动力学的影响.结果表明:CMS-G和TiO2可有效促进氧化铝陶瓷的致密化,当CMS-G含量为3%、TiO2含量为1%时,氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度达到98.25%;液相烧结激活能为113.4kJ/mol,表明扩散控制了烧结过程.     

高压烧结高纯微晶氧化铝陶瓷

以商业生产的高纯纳米α-Al2O3粉(99.9%,质量分数)、分析纯Mg(NO3)2为原料,以两面顶压机高压烧结,制备了纯Al2O3陶瓷及微量MgO掺杂的Al2O3陶瓷,并进行了密度测试与显微结构分析.与常压烧结相比,高压烧结可显著降低高纯Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度,提高传质速率,大幅度缩短烧结时间,达到快速、低温烧结的效果.与常压烧结明显不同,在高压烧结时,MgO对高纯AlO3陶瓷的烧结致密化几乎没有影响.在4.5GPa,100 ℃高压烧结30 min,制备的纯Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度为97.65%,微量MgO掺杂的Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度达97.93%、平均晶粒尺寸约为4 μm.     

CMS和纳米TiO2对氧化铝陶瓷烧结的影响

选用CaO-MgO-SiO2(CMS)和纳米TiO2两种添加剂及其复合来降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度、改善其烧结性能.讨论了烧结助剂配比和掺量、烧结温度对氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度、抗弯强度的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了氧化铝陶瓷的显微结构.研究结果发现:CMS/TiO2质量比为1/1,(CMS+TiO2)质量分数为6%,烧结温度为1450 ℃时,氧化铝陶瓷相对密度为93.07 %,晶粒细小均匀、排列紧密、平均粒径3 μm,抗弯强度达到362.87 MPa.     

低温烧结CuO-V_2O_5-Bi_2O_3掺杂Zn_3Nb_2O_8陶瓷的微波介电性能

研究了CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3作为烧结助剂对Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结特性、微观结构、相结构及微波介电性能的影响。CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3复合掺杂可以将Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结温度从1150℃降到900℃。在900℃烧结4h的Zn3Nb2O8–0.25%(质量分数,下同)CuO–1.5%V2O5–1.5%Bi2O3陶瓷的密度达到了理论密度的98.1%,相对介电常数为18.8,品质因数与谐振频率之积为39442GHz。该体系的介电性能和陶瓷的致密度与烧结助剂的含量及烧结温度密切相关,陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数随CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3烧结助剂含量的增加而增加,同样陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数也随烧结温度的升高而提高。     

烧结助剂添加量对微波烧结3Y-TZP/Al2O3复相陶瓷性能的影响

本文分别以TiO2和MgO纳米粉体为烧结助剂,采用微波烧结技术制备了3Y-TZP/Al2O3复相陶瓷.研究了烧结助剂含量对材料相组成、致密化及力学性能的影响,通过XRD分析了复相陶瓷中t-ZrO2相的相对量变化,并采用SEM观察了弯曲断裂断口形貌.结果表明:随烧结助剂添加量的增加,微波烧结复相陶瓷的致密度、硬度和弯曲强度均有所增加,均优于传统烧结性能,陶瓷颗粒更细.烧结助剂添加量为0.2wt％ MgO、0.4wt％ TiO2,在1300℃微波烧结30 min时试样的致密度为98.1％,显微硬度和抗弯强度分别达18.9 GPa和626 MPa.     

纳米TiO2添加剂对Al2O3陶瓷微观结构与烧结性能的影响

用微米级和纳米级两种不同的TiO2作为烧结助剂,研究其对Al2O3陶瓷微观结构和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:纳米TiO2能更好的提高Al2O3陶瓷的烧结活性,降低烧结温度.当TiO2含量为2%时,在1 580℃烧结试样的显气孔率为0.54%;在1 650℃烧结试样的显气孔率为0.16%.纳米TiO2的加入改变了Al2O3陶瓷的微观结构,更有利于Al2O3陶瓷的烧结.     

CaTiO3添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷烧结、显微结构及微波介电性能的影响

CaTiO3添加剂通过湿法球磨与Al2O3粉料混合,并通过无压烧结制备了氧化铝陶瓷,研究了CaTiO3添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、相组成、显微结构和微波介电性能的影响.CaTiO3可以使Al2O3的烧结温度降低至1450℃,但在该温度下烧结的样品由于CaTiO3的加入会产生CaAl12O19第二相.样品中存在大、小两种晶粒,根据EDS能谱分析,大晶粒主要是CaAl12O19,而小晶粒为Al2O3和CaAl12O19的混合相.添加CaTiO3有利于Al2O3陶瓷介电常数的提高,1450℃下掺杂2.5wt％ CaTiO3的氧化铝陶瓷具有较好的烧结性能和微波介电性能,相对密度可达到97.74％,εr～10.86,Q×f～ 8061 GHz.     

MgO-TiO_2-La_2O_3系氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能及物相分析

采用MgO-TiO2-La2O3为烧结助剂,利用低温烧结技术制备95氧化铝瓷。研究了烧成温度和助剂含量对氧化铝陶瓷力学性能及物相组成的影响。结果表明:在MgO含量为1.5wt%,TiO2为1.0wt%,La2O3为2.5wt%,1500℃保温2h可得到抗弯强度和硬度分别为348.94MPa和79.6HRA的氧化铝陶瓷。     

添加剂对高铝瓷烧结性质和力学性能的影响

研究滑石、TiO2添加剂对以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系为基础的高铝瓷的烧结特性和力学性能的影响。研究发现：在高铝瓷中添加剂的作用机理不同于它们在纯氧化铝烧结中的,添加剂的作用大小取决于它们的表面张力。烧结中的粗大气孔、裂纹、粗大晶粒、玻璃相等形成了瓷体的断裂源,降低了强度。     

Effect of dual liquid phase sintering aids on the densification and microstructure of low temperature sintered alumina ceramics

Alumina ceramics was prepared by pressureless sintering technology in which a CuO–TiO₂–Bi₂O₃ mixture (0–4.0 wt% Bi₂O₃ and 4.0 wt% CuO and TiO₂) was added as dual liquid phase sintering aids. The phase compositions, microstructural feature, and sintering behaviour of the alumina ceramics were analyzed. The results showed that adding 2.5 wt% Bi₂O₃ to alumina ceramics can increase the contribution rate of initial stage of sintering to the sintering process. The relative density of the sample reached 97.63% after sintering at 1200 °C for 90 min. Measurements from differential scanning calorimetry, with the addition of CuO–TiO₂–Bi₂O_3, demonstrated the formation of two liquid phase points, 827.4 and 936.8 °C. Notably, the solid solution temperature of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ ceramics diminished thanks to the dual liquid phase sintering aids, and at the same time the activation energy required also dropped from 368.96 to 137.31 kJ/mol. Research indicates that the combined action of dual liquid phase sintering and solid-state reaction sintering has promoted the densification of alumina ceramics during the sintering process while at the same time inhibiting the growth of abnormal grains so that a homogeneous microstructure can be formed.     

Properties and mechanism of mullite whisker toughened ceramics

High-strength ceramics were prepared from high alumina fly ash (HAFA) and activated alumina as raw materials with magnesia as a sintering additive. The growth kinetics and influence mechanism of secondary mullite whiskers were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ mass ratio (A/S) and the amount of magnesia on the content and morphology of mullite in the green body were investigated, so as to emphasize the effect of the liquid phase in the sintering process on the growth of secondary mullite whiskers. The results showed that the aspect ratio of secondary mullite whiskers increased significantly after adding activated alumina to increase the A/S ratio of raw materials. When 30 wt% activated alumina was added, the mullite content increased by 5.39%, and the whisker length increased from 1.36 μm to 4.18 μm. The addition of magnesia improved the liquid phase formed during the sintering process and the K value method was used to determine the sintering liquid phase content under various conditions. It was observed that increasing the magnesia level by 1 wt% could raise the liquid phase content by 5–7%. When the total liquid content of the system was 30–40%, the growth activation energy in the diameter direction of the whisker reduced significantly, promoting the growth of secondary mullite whiskers along the C axis. The morphology of mullite gradually developed from fibrous to long columnar crystal, making it combine more densely with the green body matrix. Furthermore, the staggered long columnar mullite crystal structure changes the fracture mode of ceramics from intergranular to transgranular fracture, which fully uses the high mechanical strength of mullite. As a result, the fracture energy and strength of ceramics are significantly improved.     

Low-Temperature Sintering of Alumina with Liquid-Forming Additives

Simultaneous application of colloidal processing and liquid-forming additives to alumina resulted in a sintered density of >99% in 1 h at a temperature as low as 1070°C for a commercial high-purity alumina powder at a total dopant level of 2 mol%. The additives were 0.9% CuO + 0.9% TiO₂+ 0.1% B₂O₃+ 0.1% MgO. At higher temperatures or after prolonged sintering, the doped alumina ceramic developed a duplex microstructure containing large elongated grains and exhibited a relatively high fracture toughness of ∼ 3.8 MPa · m^1/2 as compared to a value of ∼ 2.6 MPa · m^1/2 for the undoped alumina.     

AlN-Re2O3液相烧结碳化硅

采用非氧化物AlN和Re2O3作为复合烧结助剂(Re2O3-La2O3与Y2O3)进行碳化硅液相烧结得到了致密的烧结体.烧结助剂占原料粉体总质量的20%,其中:AIN与(La0.5Y0.5)2O3的摩尔比为2:1,在30MPa压力下,1850℃保温0.5h热压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷,抗弯强度>800MPa,断裂韧性>8MPa·m1/2,明显高于同组分1 950℃无压烧结0.5h的碳化硅陶瓷的抗弯强度(433.7MPa)和断裂韧性(4.8MPam·m1/2.热压烧结的陶瓷晶粒呈单向生长,断裂模式为沿晶断裂.同组分无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微结构可以观察到核壳结构.     

Sintering Behavior and Surface Microstructure of PbO-Rich PbNi1/3Nb2/3O3–PbTiO3–PbZrO3 Ceramics

The sintering behavior and surface microstructure of PbNi_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–PbTiO₃–PbZrO₃ (PNiNb-PT-PZ) ceramics were investigated. The PNiNb-PT-PZ ceramics with the stoichiometric composition and the addition of excess lead oxide (PbO-rich ceramics) were sintered by liquid-phase sintering in accordance with the solution-reprecipitation mechanism at temperatures below the melting point of PbO. The temperature at which the liquid phase forms fell to near the eutectic point of the PbO–Nb₂O₅ and the PbO–TiO₂ system (868°C) with the addition of 5 mol% PbO. As the calcination temperature influenced the sinterability of the stoichiometric PNiNb-PT-PZ ceramic, unreacted PbO was considered to be the source of the liquid phase in the sintering of the stoichiometric powder. The secondary phase was observed at the surface of PbO-rich ceramics and was suggested to be a liquid phase expelled from inside the ceramic. A sintering scheme of PNiNb-PT-PZ ceramics was proposed, and the high sinterability of PNiNb-PT-PZ ceramics was attributed to the low formation temperature of the liquid phase.