贮藏温度对不同发育期东方百合花粉生命力的影响

以花粉萌发率为指标，研究了3种贮藏温度对3种发育时期东方百合Siberia和Sorbonne植株花粉生命力的影响。结果表明：不同发育时期的新鲜花粉生命力不同，开花当天花粉生命力最强，未开放完全显色花蕾花粉次之，未开放显色1／2花蕾花粉最差。贮藏后，未开放完全显色花蕾花粉保持生命力时间最长，开花当天花粉次之，未开放显色1／2花蕾花粉最差。贮藏温度对百合花粉生命力有很大影响，-18℃冷藏条件有利于保持百合花粉生命力，4℃次之，常温条件最差。     

《沈阳农业大学学报》2003年总目录（第34卷）

第一期■研究报告作物育种与栽培不同水稻品种生育后期光合特性的比较……………………………………………………………王术 ,王伯伦 ,黄元财 ,等(1)不同栽培条件对水稻茎秆材料学特性的影响………………………………………………………郭玉华 ,朱四光 ,张龙步 ,等(4)辽宁省水稻产量构成因子的相关分析………………………………………………………………孙占慧 ,张树林 ,徐正进 ,等(8)不同年代冬小麦品种光合特性差异的研究…………………………………………………………兰进好 ,张宝石 ,周鸿飞 ,等(12)园艺科学丁香花粉生命力及贮藏力的研…     

不同贮藏温度对番茄穴盘秧苗品质的影响

番茄秧苗置于12℃、8℃和5℃无光条件下进行贮藏,贮藏5,10,5d后测定秧苗的形态和生理指标以确定秧苗适宜贮藏温度和贮期。结果表明:在不同温度下,叶绿素含量和根系活力下降,差异显著;秧苗的鲜重、干重、G值和定植后成活率有不同程度下降;秧苗在8℃和12℃下可贮15d,5℃下可贮5d,秧苗适宜贮藏温度范围:8～12℃;贮藏15d后8℃下秧苗品质优于其他温度,可作为该番茄秧苗的最佳贮藏温度。     

苹果梨开花授粉结实特性研究

以苹果梨和南果梨为试材研究发现，苹果梨柱头从开花前1天起至5天内都具有一定接受花粉能力，但前3天接受花粉能力强，交配结实率高，后2天显降低。苹果梨自交不结实，自然杂交的结实率和单果有效种子数显低于人工杂交，人工杂交时，破蕾授粉，破蕾法雄授粉，去雄除花瓣授粉和除整个花冠授粉4种方法对杂交结实率和杂交果的生长发育无明显影响；除花瓣或花冠后未授粉的苹果梨无论隔离与否均不结实，但授粉结实正常。套袋隔离能降低杂交结实率，对杂交果生长发育也有一定影响，杂交时可选择次日开花的大花蕾除花冠后授粉杂交免除套袋隔离；也可直接破蕾授粉套袋隔离，免除去雄过程，减少杂交环节，提高育种效果。     

葡萄花粉育性和交配亲和性的研究

通过４个品种１６个组合杂交试验研究了葡萄花粉育性和交配亲和性，结果表明，葡萄品种间花粉生活力明显不同，且易受培养条件影响，但与染色体倍性无明显相关。葡萄花粉柱头萌发率高于人工培养萌发率，不同组合和同一组合正反交间花粉柱头萌发率明显不同，但与双亲染色体倍性无显著相关。组合间座果率、杂种果有籽率和果均种子数均与母本自交呈正相关，且易受母本单性结实能力的影响。杂交育种时选择自交结实率高，果均种子数多的亲本作母本，与母本交配亲和性好，特殊配合力高的亲本为父本配组杂交才能获得更多的杂交种子，提高育种效率。     

苹果和梨及核果类果树远缘杂交试验初报

一、用一般的套袋授粉法进行苹果和梨、和核果类桃、李、樱桃、山杏、山毛桃等组合的有性杂交可以获得杂交果实和种子。二、杂交的结实率因父本的种类而不同,苹果和梨(仁果类)杂交结实率、结种子率一般较苹果和桃、李、樱桃等核果类为大。三、母本苹果不同品种不同的自然及栽培条件下成功的可能性不同。因此在进行远缘杂交时应同时选几个品种作为母本,在不同年份连续进行较易获得成功。四、先授以远缘花粉隔四小时后再授以限量近缘花粉的混合授粉法所得结果不可靠。是否用延长间隔时间或采用丧失发芽力的近缘花粉的混合授粉法以促进杂交结实而不致引起差误有待于进一步研究。五、用去雄后6天进行授粉的衰老柱头授粉法,似不宜用于一般杂交结实尚不很困难的苹果和梨之间的杂交,但用于苹果和某些核果类果树之间的杂交似有促进作用。六、以父本种类作砧木对母本进行教养影响的无性渐近杂交法显著地提高了苹果和梨远缘杂交的结实率。七、远缘杂种生活力弱,幼苗甚易夭折,一般从茎的基部或地下部分开始变褐,渐渐全株枯死。杂种部分植株表现父本梨或全新性状,表现这些性状的植株生活力尤为衰弱。如何克服杂种幼苗的夭折尚待继续研究。     

苹果与梨属间杂交的研究

一、于一九六一年、一九六二年分别在熊岳、沈阳、哈尔滨以国光苹果和大秋果小苹果为母本,与几个品种梨进行了近万朵花的杂交工作,研究了不同亲本的交配亲和力以及其他几种克服远缘亲本间不易交配性的方法。二、在大秋果×梨混粉的蕾期、花期和花后授粉各处理中,以蕾期授粉效果最好。三、在苹果×梨的杂交中,用梨的混合花粉授粉,在不同的授粉方法和不同混粉组成的情况下,都有一定程度的着果率(0.34—24.00%)。混合授粉与组成混粉各成员单独授粉各组合比较时,混合授粉的着果率和平均单果种子数有高于最差亲本,低于最好亲本的趋势。把混合授粉结种子率与组成混粉各成员单独授粉各组合综合结种子率比较时,发现混合授粉亦不是经常能得到更多的杂种种子。四、在大秋果×梨的杂交中,于梨属植物花粉中混入樱属、桃属、李属等远缘属的花粉时,看到有提高着果率的趋势,处理与对照相比,两年综合着果率分别为10.92%与6.26%。五、研究了苹果×梨不同亲本组合间的交配亲和力。(一)就本试验所用亲本组合而言,没有发现白梨、砂梨、秋子梨、洋梨、杜梨等在与苹果杂交时,亲和力上有显著的种间差异。(二)做为父本的不同品种间在与国光苹果杂交时,亲和力有着明显的差异:种间杂种起源的品种与非种间杂种起源的品种比较,在着果率(分别为39.36%和1.49%)、受精胚珠率(分别为48.57—63.19%和30.00—45.00%)和平均有效种子数(分别为2.92—4.59和1.25—3.00)等三方面都较高。这两类父本与国光苹果杂交时,杂交效果的高低主要取决于雌、雄配子的结合能力。六、得到了表现显著杂种性状的实生苗。七、对产生上述现象的原因及意义做了初步的讨论。     

薄膜包装与低温贮藏对百合鲜花保鲜效果的影响

对百合鲜花采用不同厚度聚乙烯薄膜包装低温贮藏效果进行了研究，结果表明：贮藏温度为３±０．５℃，采用０．０５ｍｍ厚度的聚乙烯薄膜包装百合鲜花低温贮藏，可以防止百合鲜花严重失水，降低其瓶插期丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量，延缓叶绿素及蛋白质的降解，增加过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性，延缓其衰老，保鲜效果好于０．０３，０．０４，０．０６ｍｍ厚度的聚乙烯薄膜包装处理。     

利用γ射线辐照苹果花粉提高座果率的试验

受小剂量γ射线处理植物种子和柞蚕卵提高生命力的启示,1978年我们用137铯—γ射线照射量:5γ、10γ、10γ、20γ处理苹果花粉,并对幼果期、初果期、盛果期三种树龄果树进行授粉试验。经过多次重复和统计分析结果表明:5γ照射花粉是促进提高花粉发芽率和花序花朵座果率的最佳照射量,用5γ处理花粉,小区试验花粉发芽率平均提高62％,生产对比试验发芽率提高12～89％。用5γ照射花粉分别对幼果期、初果期、盛果期三种树龄果树授粉试验,花序花朵座果率分别提高4～10％,12～24％,生产对比试验花序花朵座果率分别提高4～16％,10～56％。     

中国北方杂交粳稻发展现状与前景

分析了中国北方发展杂交稻的必要性，通过对目前北方杂交粳稻科研，生产中所取得成果及存在问题的分析认为：（1）丰富不育系类型，改善其生理特性；（2）降低两用系育性转换温度，在北方开发高温敏反向不育系；（3）选育形态倾籼，特异亲粳的高配合力强恢复系；（4）揭示杂交粳稻自身生理特性，开发相应的栽培技术；（5）注重杂交稻的生态效益这5个方面是北方杂交粳稻逐渐发展壮大的有力技术支持。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.