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塑料材料在人类社会与生产生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。塑料的过度使用不仅带来日益严重的环境污染问题,同时也造成了大量的资源浪费。因此,废弃塑料回收与利用技术和生产工艺的开发不仅具有重大社会意义和生态意义,同时具有非常大的经济效益。主要介绍了废弃塑料的来源,结合具体案例对当前常用的塑料回收方法进行介绍,指出了不同回收利用方式的优势与挑战,同时对该领域的发展前景进行展望。 相似文献
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家电塑料的再生利用技术与一般塑料再生利用技术并无本质上的区别,其特点在于回收家电塑料需要进行拆卸、分类等前处理.因此,家电再生利用技术是家电塑料回收技术的重要组成部分.本文介绍了当前一些先进的科学研究与回收再生手段,阐述了废旧家电再生技术和再生利用技术. 相似文献
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文章分析了汽车用废弃塑料分拣回收领域的现状,详细探讨了物理再生和化学再生两种主要的再利用技术,进一步指出我国汽车用废弃塑料再生行业面临回收缺口、提高可降解环保塑料应用率以及积极开展高新专业再生技术研发等挑战。为应对这些挑战,文章提出了一系列发展策略,包括政策引导与标准化推动、技术创新与研发强化,以及产业链的整合与市场的深度开拓。 相似文献
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生物转化过程具有条件温和、过程绿色、产品高值等优势,是未来废弃物高值化利用的重要途径。塑料是人工合成的有机高分子材料,已作为基础材料融入人类生活的方方面面。而海量剧增的废弃塑料已造成严重的环境污染与资源浪费。由于废弃塑料组分复杂、降解能垒高、胁迫因子多、回收经济性差,单一的生物技术尚无法对其进行即时处理,因此,基于学科交叉与过程集成,综合利用多种废塑料回收技术,建立多元化、个性化、交叉化的塑料回收新路线成为提升我国废弃塑料资源回收与利用水平、发展循环经济的重要途径。本文以生物技术为核心,综述了目前生物-物理、生物-化学以及生物-信息等技术交叉在塑料废弃物回收方面的研究进展,并针对性地分析了学科交叉研究中存在的瓶颈,探讨了未来亟需攻克的技术难点,以期为废塑料的高效回收利用提供新的思路和理论指导。 相似文献
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塑料产品具有成本低、密度小、耐用性强和性能可调等优点,与人们的衣食住行密不可分。但是,由于塑料的降解性能较差和缺乏完备的回收机制,一系列的生态问题也随之而来。伴随着能源危机的加剧和材料经济效率的低下,探寻废弃塑料的回收再利用途径是实现可持续发展的必要条件。传统的物理回收方法存在着适用条件有限和聚合物性能降低等问题,而化学回收在理论上可对塑料进行分子层面的拆解与重组,形成单体或其他高附加值的产物。本文立足于塑料回收的化学方法,对化学回收的行业现状和研究进展进行总结梳理,分析了对应的回收机理和制约回收的因素,为开发塑料的化学回收再利用技术提供一定的参考。通过开发新型的催化工艺和设计高效的反应体系,化学回收或可成为推动循环塑料经济发展的关键。 相似文献
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深入分析塑料回收和利用的现状,并从节约资源、促进就业、创新技术和产品等角度探讨其对经济增长的影响。通过案例分析探讨塑料回收和利用企业如何促进经济增长,并讨论面临的挑战和机遇。最后,提出一些针对塑料回收利用产业的政策建议,并展望未来塑料回收利用与经济增长的关系。 相似文献
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聚丙烯塑料循环利用技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
姚小利 《现代塑料加工应用》2004,16(6):37-40
简要回顾了国内外聚丙烯(PP)塑料回收利用的发展情况.对分选利用、简单再生、降解、共混和燃烧等常用方法进行了论述,分析了PP回收利用的技术和经济可行性。 相似文献
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塑料绝缘子外侧为多圈凹槽,且一端带有金属嵌件,要求其成型模具沿轴线哈夫分型,合模前置入嵌件。分析了该塑件的特点,给出了实用的压模结构,论述了模具结构设计和工作过程。该模具采用上下模固定、半溢式闭合、铰链垂直分型的结构形式,有效地解决了脱模问题。 相似文献
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Taesam Kim Binh T. Nguyen Vari Minassian Chhiu-Tsu Lin 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2007,4(3):241-253
Two algorithms—peak picking and peaks correlation—have been compiled in a portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
system and used specifically for spectral fingerprinting of paints and coatings, which contain multiple ingredients and require
several application steps. The LIBS technique starts with a laser shot on the specimen surface, detection of the emission
of the elements present, and analysis of the sample compositions. The LIBS system has been successfully illustrated for the
identification and analysis of coating substrates, surface pretreatments, and primer and topcoat paints obtained in the lab
and at field sites. The results indicate that, despite the compositional complexity in organic metal finishing, the spectral
fingerprint of paints and coatings can be effectively determined by the LIBS technique. The advantages of LIBS technique over
other conventional methods, such as EDX, are that it is quasi-nondestructive (<100 μm of sample size), requires no sample
preparation, is fast (within minutes), is user-friendly (for nontechnical personnel), and is capable of application both online
and at the field sites. 相似文献
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Valentina V. Zubkova 《Fuel》2005,84(6):741-754
The structure of the plastic layer in coals of different caking capacity was studied using the X-ray method and the influence of the plastic layer structure on the mechanism of coke formation was determined. It is shown that the transportation of the plastic mass in the gas-saturated zone of the plastic layer has a decisive influence on the decrease in volume of the coal charge and on obtaining a denser residue during carbonization. When heating poorly caking and non-caking coals an increase in the charge volume takes place.Using the quantitative X-ray phase analysis an ordered phase amount (Ccryst) was found in solid residues of carbonization and the parameters d002, Lc and La were determined. It is shown that the gas-saturated zone is generated in the plastic layer only when structural transformations in coals take place at the pre-plastic stage without changing the ratio between the number of carbon atoms in the ordered and non-ordered phases. The transition of well caking coal into the plastic state is accompanied by the activation of segmental and conformal movement of side chains and separate macromolecular fragments of the coal organic mass. In the course of grain swelling of non-caking coal its crystallites degrade. The conclusions drawn on the basis of X-ray studies were confirmed by the EPR-spectroscopy of residues corresponding to plastic zones in coals of different caking capacity. 相似文献
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为了建立化妆品塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的测定方法,通过设计正交试验,优化超声振荡萃取的条件,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定。结果表明:16种PAEs在线性范围内的相关系数均大于0.996,方法检出限0.157~0.928 mg/L,加标回收率在87.4%~108.3%范围内,RSD(n=6)均小于7.0%。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚苯乙烯(PS)中PAEs的检出率达到82.6%。该方法操作简单,高效准确,可以检测不同化妆品塑料包装的PAEs。 相似文献
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A novel method for improving the surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microcellular injection molding is the manufacturing method used for producing foamed plastic parts. Microcellular injection molding has many advantages including material, energy, and cost savings as well as enhanced dimensional stability. In spite of these advantages, this technique has been limited by its propensity to create parts with surface defects such as a rough surface or gas flow marks. Methods for improving the surface quality of microcellular plastic parts have been investigated by several researchers. This paper describes a novel method for achieving swirl-free foamed plastic parts using the microcellular injection molding process. By controlling the cell nucleation rate of the polymer/gas solution through material formulation and gas concentration, microcellular injection molded parts free of surface defects were achieved. This paper presents the theoretical background of this approach as well as the experimental results in terms of surface roughness and profile, microstructures, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. 相似文献
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原子荧光法同时测定塑料管浸出液中的砷和锑 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为选用优质给水管,采用氢化物发生一原子荧光法,同时测定塑料给水管浸出液中的痕量砷和锑,研究了硝酸介质的影响,选择了最佳测量条件。结果表明,该法简单、快速、检测限低、精密度和准确度好,实际样品测量结果满意。 相似文献