37Mn5钢热变形行为与流变应力模型研究

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究37Mn5钢在变形温度为800～1150℃、变形速率为0．1～10s^-1条件下的热压缩变形行为。采用应变硬化率-应力曲线图较精确地获得峰值应力,并用双曲正弦方程描述37Mn5钢热压缩变形过程中的峰值应力与Zener—Hollomon参数的关系。回归分析得到方程中变形激活能及各材料常数的值,获得37Mn5钢在高温条件下的流变应力本构方程。结果表明,采用该本构方程计算出的流变应力值与实验所得应力值非常接近。     

33Mn2V钢热变形本构方程研究

采用压缩实验法在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上测定了33Mn2V钢在恒定温度和恒定速度下的变形抗力.研究结果表明:33Mn2V钢热变形的流变应力随温度的升高和应变的增大而减小.以Kumar本构模型为基础建立了33Mn2V钢热变形的本构方程,同时也通过本构模型计算值与实验所得的数据进行比较,表明该模型能够满足工程应用精度.     

Q345B钢动态再结晶动力学模型研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟机上进行Q345B钢单道次压缩变形实验,得到其真应力-真应变曲线,结合加工硬化率曲线,确定了Q345B钢动态再结晶临界应变εc、峰值应变εP和稳态应变εs。根据实验结果得到Zener-Hollomon方程和动态再结晶状态图,利用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami（JMA）方程法得到再结晶体积分数实际值,采用3种不同的再结晶体积分数预报模型对实验数据进行回归,并对再结晶体积分数实测值和预报值进行对比。结果表明,Epsilon-S／Epsilon-C模型精度最高,Epsilon-S模型精度次之,Epsilon-P模型精度最差。     

Cr8合金钢热变形行为及位错密度演变规律

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对Cr8合金钢在变形温度为900～1200℃、应变速率为0.005～5s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩试验,并对热变形后的试样进行X射线衍射试验,研究了Cr8合金钢的热变形行为及位错密度演变规律。基于试验得到的数据,建立了考虑位错密度演变及包含多参数的两段式本构模型。结果表明:在低应变速率下,Cr8合金钢真应力-真应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特征;Cr8合金钢热变形激活能Qact为423.41 kJ/mol,本构模型的计算值与试验值数据吻合较好;在试验条件下,Cr8合金钢的总位错密度均达到10~(14)cm~(-2)以上,总位错密度随应变速率增加、变形温度减小而增加。     

简化线弹簧模型的研究

以工程应用为目的,首次将简化线弹簧模型应用于压力容器表面裂纹的弹塑性断裂分析。通过34Mn2V钢制高压氧气瓶表面裂纹的试验和分析,对简化线弹簧模型进行改进,其计算结果与实测结果基本一致,表明该模型可用于由象34Mn2V钢这类材料制成的压力容器表面裂纹的安全评定。     

基于平面应变热模拟的3Cr2Mo钢板材动态再结晶动力学分析

采用平面应变法研究3Cr2Mo钢板材动态再结晶过程。在Gleeble-3500模拟试验机上进行平面应变热模拟试验,应变速率为0.1～50 s-1,热变形温度为950～1 100℃。用平滑处理后的流变应力数据分析热变形过程中动态再结晶的演化过程,结合平面应变实验数据回归推导得到动态再结晶的激活能为309.05 kJ/mol。引入Zener-Hollomon参数,基于流变应力曲线,分析峰值应变的模拟方程。根据不同应变速率和温度下的流变应力结果,研究3Cr2Mo钢的动态再结晶转化过程,用Avrami方程建立动态再结晶动力学方程。通过动态再结晶转化体积分数实验数据和模型计算值的对比,验证了构建的动态再结晶动力学方程可较好地预测平面应变过程中的动态再结晶过程。     

单根辐射管集水模型的研究

本文通过对影响单根辐射管集水因素的分析,探讨了集取河床渗透水的单根辐射管集水模型,并用模拟试验确定了模型参数。结果表明:模拟试验值、工程实例实测值与集水模型计算值具有一致性。     

钢管约束的钢管混凝土轴压短柱长期变形性能

为分析钢管约束的钢管混凝土柱在长期荷载作用下的变形性能,进行了16个钢管约束的钢管混凝土短柱和2个钢管混凝土短柱的长期持荷试验,持荷时间为350 d。主要研究参数核心混凝土应力比为0.35、0.50和0.65,双层钢管总含钢率为5.8%、10.5%和15.0%,内层钢管与外层钢管含钢率比值为0.30、1.25和2.23。基于素混凝土的长期变形理论计算模型,通过分析施加纵向长期荷载时构件的受力机理,推导出适用于钢管约束的钢管混凝土轴压短柱长期变形的理论计算方法。试验结果表明：长期变形随核心混凝土应力比的提高而增大,随总含钢率、内层与外层钢管含钢率比值的增大而减小。理论计算曲线与试验数据曲线的对比和分析表明：长期变形随相对湿度的减小而增大,采用不同混凝土收缩徐变模型时,相对湿度的影响程度不同,其中CEB-FIP 2010模型的吻合效果最好。建议采用CEB-FIP 2010模型并取相对湿度为100%来计算钢管约束的钢管混凝土柱的长期变形。     

主动土压力与位移关系试验研究

文章以现场土压力测试为基础,考虑主动土压力与位移关系模型,通过土压力试验表明,模型计算值与实测值吻合较好,该模型能反映主动土压力随土体变形的变化规律,对软土地区基坑土压力设计与计算具有一定的参考价值。     

蠕变模型对约束钢梁抗火性能分析的影响

钢材在高温和荷载作用下产生明显蠕变变形,影响火灾中结构的变形和受力性能。现有的蠕变模型较多,但没有一个广泛适用的蠕变模型。不同的蠕变模型对钢结构抗火分析结果有很大影响。为了量化蠕变模型对约束钢梁抗火性能分析的影响,对5种常用的蠕变模型进行了对比分析。采用编写的约束钢梁计算程序,分别计算5种蠕变模型下约束钢梁的抗火性能并与试验数据进行对比。结果表明,采用Norton蠕变模型的计算结果与试验数据吻合最好。最后对影响约束钢梁抗火性能参数进行了研究,研究发现,Harmathy蠕变模型对约束梁抗火性能分析结果影响最大;不同蠕变模型对不同荷载比、约束刚度下的约束钢梁抗火性能影响程度均不同。     

Hot deformation behavior and flow stress model of F40MnV steel

Single hit compression tests were performed at 1 223-1 473 K and strain rate of 0.1-10 s-1 to study hot deformation behavior and flow stress model of F40MnV steel. The dependence of the peak stress, initial stress, saturation stress, steady state stress and peak stain on Zener-Hollomon parameter were obtained. The mathematical models of dynamic recrystallization fraction and grain size were also obtained. Based on the tested data, the flow stress model of F40MnV steel was established in dynamic recovery region and dynamic recrystallization region, respectively. The results show that the activation energy for dynamic recrystallization is 278.6 kJ/mol by regression analysis. The flow stress model of F40MnV steel is proved to approximate the tested data and suitable for numerical simulation of hot forging.     

Determination of the dynamic recrystallization kinetics model for SCM435 steel

The flow stress behavior of SCM435 steel was studied by using a MMS-200 thermal simulation machine, under the conditions with deformation temperatures of 1023–1323 K and strain rate of 0.01–10 s^?1. The experimental results indicated that the critical strain would get smaller with the increment in temperature and the decrement in strain rate, leaving the dynamic recrystallization easier to occur. The peak stress constitutive equation of SCM435 steel under high temperatures was established by the form of hyperbolic sine, and the activation energy of deformation under high temperature was obtained by regression equation. The critical strain ? _c for dynamic recrystallization was accurately derived from the θ-σ curve containing strain hardening rate θ and flow stress σ. Then the correlation between peak stress, peak strain, critical stress, critical strain and the parameter Z was further obtained. The Avrami kinetic equation of dynamic recrystallization for SCM435 steel was developed from stress-strain curve, and the Avrami exponent m was abstracted. Observations also indicated that the Avrami constants would decrease with increments in temperature, but increase with increments in strain rate. The Avrami constant took small influence from the deforming temperature, but significant influence from strain rate, and the correlation between Avrami constant and the strain rate was obtained by regression equation.     

Research on constitutive equation of DIWA353 steel used in hemisphere head of power station nearby recrystallization temperature

To simulate the DIWA353 steel used in boiler nearby recrystallization temperature accurately by using finite element,the high temperature constitutive model of this material must be researched firstly....     

09CuPTiRE钢动态再结晶的热模拟实验与有限元模拟

以热模拟实验为基础，建立09CuPriRE钢的动态再结晶模型．应用有限元软件DEFORM模拟热压缩变形并提取模拟信息，编程实现动态再结晶体积百分数分布的可视化．模拟结果表明，增大变形量、提高变形温度以及减小变形速率，都能促进动态再结晶发生，其中变形量及变形温度影响显著．这与实验曲线反映的特征相符，从而证明了模型及模拟的有效性．     

Constitutive Modeling and Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanisms of an Ultralow-carbon Microalloyed Steel During Hot Compression Tests

The hot deformation behavior of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel was investigated using an MMS-200 thermal simulation test machine in a temperature range of 1 073-1 373 K and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s~(-1).The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate.The strain-compensated constitutive model based on the Arrhenius equation for this steel was established using the true stress-strain data obtained from a hot compression test.Furthermore,a new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter was proposed for this steel.The predictive ability of two constitutive models was compared with statistical measures.The results indicate the new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter can more accurately predict the flow stress of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel during hot deformation.The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation mechanism at different deformation temperatures was observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and strain-induced grain boundary migration was observed at 1 373 K/0.01 s~(-1).     

基于偏好多目标优化和遗传算法的输电网架重构

提出一种基于偏好多目标优化和遗传算法的输电网架重构方法,考虑对于不同优化目标的偏好,制定网架重构方案。计及系统中机组、线路以及负荷的影响,提出3个评价指标作为优化目标,构建一个偏好多目标优化模型。考虑到所建优化模型的偏好性和离散性,提出一种基于偏好的非支配排序遗传算法。提出基于偏好的支配关系、种群规模控制技术以及重复个体过滤技术,用于提高算法的效率,获得解数目可控的偏好Pareto最优解集。仿真结果表明,所提模型能够有效平衡网架重构的不同影响因素,所提算法对于网架重构优化问题有较高的求解效率。     

超低碳贝氏体钢形变奥氏体静态再结晶行为研究

在MMS-200热模拟试验机上进行了双道次热压缩变形实验,研究了超低碳贝氏体钢的静态再结晶软化规律.利用应力补偿法（0.2%）计算了不同形变温度下的静态再结晶软化率。试验结果表明：形变温度和形变道次间隔时间对超低碳贝氏体钢的静态再结晶行为影响非常大。根据相关试验数据以及静态再结晶动力学方程,经计算得出超低碳贝氏体钢的静态再结晶激活能为292.42 kJ/mol。     

58SiMn钢热压缩过程中的再结晶行为模拟

利用Gleeble1500热模拟实验机对58SiMn钢进行了单道次和双道次热压缩实验,得到在不同变形条件下的应力应变曲线,根据实验数据计算得到了58SiMn钢的动态、静态及亚动态再结晶和晶粒长大数学模型。借助Deform-3D软件对一组双道次热压缩实验进行了模拟,并与实际不同区域的晶粒尺寸进行比较,以验证其组织转变模型。     

Hot deformation behaviors and flow stress model of GCr15 bearing steel

The hot deformation behaviors of GCr15 bearing steel were investigated by isothermal compression tests, performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator at temperatures between 950℃ and 1150℃ and strain rates between 0.1 and 10 s^-1. The peak stress and peak strain as functions of processing parameters were obtained. The dependence of peak stress on strain rate and temperature obeys a hyperbolic sine equation with a Zener-Hollomon parameter. By regression analysis, in the temperature range of 950-1 150℃ and strain rate range of 0.1-10 s^-1, the mean activation energy and the stress exponent were determined to be 351kJ/mol and 4.728, respectively. Meanwhile, models of flow stress and dynamic recrystallization （DRX） grain size were also established. The model predictions show good agreement with experimental results.