等温热处理过程中铸态AZ91镁合金的微观组织演化

铸态AZ91镁合金加热至液固相温度区间内等温热处理后演变成半固态金属,对淬火组织形态分析的试验表明:在高固相体积分数条件下,网状分布的共晶组织首先熔化,二次枝晶臂消失或熔断脱落并重新沉淀在枝晶主干上,在Gibbs-Thomson效应下,发生Ostwald熟化,固相颗粒由枝晶逐渐演变成球形颗粒,并随着热处理时间的延长发生合并现象,而且热处理温度越高晶粒间合并现象越严重。同时在界面能降低的驱使下,晶粒内部包裹的液滴以两种方式形成:晶粒内富Al、Zn的质点经过熔化、扩散、合并、或者脱落的二次枝晶臂沉淀后搭桥生长形成。     

等温热处理对ZA63镁合金半固态组织演变的影响

采用等温热处理法对ZA63合金在不同的保温温度及保温时间下的半固态组织的演变过程和机理进行了研究。结果表明,通过半固态等温热处理能够制备ZA63非枝晶组织,并获得细小、分布均匀的球状颗粒。非枝晶组织演变经历了粗化、枝晶分离、球化以及晶粒的合并和长大4个过程。ZA63合金半固态触变成形最适合的等温热处理工艺是590℃×20min,平均晶粒尺寸、圆整度和固相率分别为59.16μm、1.5和43%。     

GH4169合金涡轮盘热模锻中晶粒尺寸演变的数值模拟与分析

针对GH4169合金涡轮盘热模锻中易出现粗晶、混晶等显微组织缺陷,通过热模拟压缩实验和热变形后热处理实验,研究分析了GH4169合金在热变形和后续热处理中的显微组织演变规律,并建立了晶粒尺寸演变模型。实验结果表明:GH4169合金在热变形中的主要显微组织演变机制为动态再结晶,热变形后热处理中的主要显微组织演变机制为晶粒长大和孪晶生成。将晶粒尺寸演变模型与有限元结合,对某GH4169合金涡轮盘热模锻中的晶粒尺寸演变进行了预测分析,预测结果与实际结果一致。     

Mg-Y-Mn-Sc合金的铸态组织及其热处理行为

采用水淬工艺制备了Mg-Y-Mn-Sc合金铸锭,通过OM、SEM、XRD等分析手段,研究了合金铸态组织结构特征以及经不同时间520℃固溶处理后组织结构的演变行为。结果表明,合金铸态组织的晶粒粗大,枝晶不发达,有大量的“辫”状孪晶,存在第二相呈颗粒状按线形排列分布。随着固溶时间的延长,晶粒由大变小,然后变粗;孪晶由少增多,最后随着晶粒的变大而逐渐减少,其组织和结构变化明显地表现出固溶体分解、分散相的溶解和聚集行为。通过控制固溶温度和时间,可获得铸态合金晶粒细化的效果     

固溶处理对选区激光熔化Inconel 718合金组织与硬度的影响

利用选区激光熔化技术制备Inconel 718合金,对其在不同温度、时间和冷却条件下进行热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射仪和显微硬度计研究不同热处理工艺条件下Inconel 718合金的微观组织与硬度。结果表明:当热处理温度为1 080℃时,沉积态合金中的束状亚结构消失、第二相含量减少,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒开始由非均匀柱状晶转变为再结晶晶粒,残余应力集中区和小角度晶界逐渐减少,并且形成11160°退火孪晶,硬度从292 HV降低至253 HV;当热处理温度为1 130℃时,沉积态合金中的非平衡组织全部发生再结晶,残余应力集中区基本消失,晶粒内部出现均匀的退火孪晶,硬度保持在220 HV左右;对于1 080℃/60 min热处理试样,随炉冷却方式的硬度高达431 HV,其较高的硬度主要与随炉冷却形成大量的亚结构和析出相有关。     

ZA84镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变

研究了ZA84镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变.研究结果表明,通过半固态等温热处理制备非枝晶组织ZA84合金是可能的.当ZA84合金经570℃×120 min半固态等温热处理后,可获得液相率为22%和未熔初生相颗粒尺寸为57um的非枝晶组织.ZA84合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变主要包括最初的粗化、组织分离和球化3个阶段.没有发现球状晶粒最后的粗化.     

热处理工艺对铁基非晶合金纳米晶晶粒尺寸的影响

铁基非晶材料通过热处理发生了纳米晶化过程,用X射线衍射仪和透视电镜检测了该过程材料的结构和组织,特别是晶粒尺寸的变化,利用Scherrer公式计算了晶化过程中产生的α-Fe颗粒的尺寸大小。并且由X射线衍射图谱和透视电镜图谱得到了晶化过程晶粒尺寸与退火温度的关系,还采用原子力显微镜观察了材料的表面形貌。     

添加0.5%富铈混合稀土AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成

半固态浆料的固相颗粒尺寸、形态和分布主要取决于熔化过程中液相的形成与演化过程。采用添加0.5%富铈混合稀土来改善AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织,研究在半固态等温热处理中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织制备与控制的机理。结果表明:稀土合金化处理可促进初生相在等温热处理过程中由枝晶向粒状晶的转变,可获得更加细小、均匀的球状固相颗粒,并且其粗化速度较慢。半固态等温热处理过程中,整个系统处于熔化和结晶的动态平衡,铸态组织中枝晶根部高溶质浓度区或系统的温度、浓度起伏是固相颗粒内液相形成的内在和外在条件。     

热处理对热连轧GH4169合金蠕变性能的影响

通过对热连轧（HCR）GH4169合金进行不同工艺热处理、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了热处理工艺对HCR合金组织与蠕变性能的影响。结果表明：热连轧合金中晶粒细小,具有明显的孪晶特征;HCR合金经直接时效后,大量细小γ＂相在晶内弥散析出,可提高合金的蠕变抗力,在660℃、700 MPa条件下,使合金的蠕变寿命由60 h提高到126 h;经长期时效处理后,合金中的晶粒尺寸和γ＂相略有长大,同时有NbC、Cr7C3碳化物在晶内析出。在蠕变过程中,HCR合金的变形特征是孪晶变形及孪晶内发生位错的双取向滑移;DA合金与LTA合金具有相近的蠕变寿命,其变形特征仍然是孪晶变形和晶内的位错滑移。     

半固态等温热处理对铸态AZ80镁合金组织的影响

研究了等温热处理温度和保温时间对铸态AZ80镁合金半固态组织演变的影响.研究结果表明:在热处理过程中,随保温时间的延长,初生α相演变过程是,首先由大部分粗大的树枝晶二次枝晶臂合并成为大块状,而后大块状晶粒在晶粒内部及晶界处液相和固液界面的曲率共同作用下熔化分离为小块状,继续保温则圆整化;保温时间相同,等温处理的温度越高,枝晶演变过程越快,保温温度越高或保温时间越长,球状晶粒也容易趋于长大.AZ80镁合金半固态成形所需的最佳工艺条件为加热温度570℃左右,保温时间30min.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.