挤压态和时效态Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Y合金的组织性能

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等对挤压态和时效态Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn和Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-0.5Y镁合金的微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明：与ZMT614镁合金相比,添加Y元素后,ZMT614-0.5Y晶粒得到细化,综合力学性能得到提高。Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-0.5Y合金的相组成为α-Mg、Mg Zn2、Mn、Mg2Sn和MgS n Y相。经过T6热处理后,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度明显得到提高,伸长率明显被降低。理论计算表明,在挤压态合金中,细晶强化和固溶强化产生重要的作用,而在T6热处理态合金中,析出强化产生决定作用。     

Er对Mg-0.6Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究了Mg-xEr-0.6Zr(x=0、1、1.5、2)合金在铸态、挤压态和时效态的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着稀土Er含量的增加,铸态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度呈现出先增加后下降的趋势。在温度为300℃,挤压比为16∶1时对合金进行挤压,挤压后合金的屈服强度随着Er含量的增加而提高,抗拉强度随着Er含量的增加而减小,伸长率则分别提高了150%、150%和183%。通过170℃×8h的时效热处理后,合金的屈服强度分别提高了18%、13%和27%,伸长率则保持在25%左右。     

汽车发动机用AX55-xSn合金的热处理与蠕变性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温蠕变持久试验机等试验手段,研究了Sn含量和固溶时效工艺对AX55-x Sn(x=0,0. 5,1,1. 5)合金物相组成、显微组织、硬度和蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:添加Sn元素后,AX55-x Sn合金中除含α-Mg、Al2Ca和(Mg,Al)2Ca相外,还出现了CaMgSn相;随着Sn含量的增加,双级固溶+时效和单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的硬度都逐渐升高,相同Sn含量下单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的显微硬度要高于双级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金;随着Sn含量的增加,AX55-x Sn合金的总蠕变量和最小蠕变速率都逐渐减小,相同Sn含量下单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的总蠕变量和最小蠕变速率相比双级固溶+时效态合金的小,说明具有更好的蠕变性能。AX55-1. 5Sn合金的蠕变性能略低于高压压铸成型MRI230D合金,但明显高于Mg-4Al-2RE-2Ca合金,适用于制造汽车动力系统的零件。     

Si元素及预时效对6016型铝合金塑性的影响

制备了不同硅含量的6016型铝合金,并通过拉伸试验对未预时效及预时效合金的力学性能、加工硬化能力、应变速率敏感性系数(SRS)进行了测试和分析。结果表明,增加硅含量,可提高试验合金的初始加工硬化率,降低动态回复程度,进而可提高合金的加工硬化能力。同时增加硅含量,也能提高合金的应变速率敏感性系数。因而,增加合金中的硅含量能够改善其塑性。而经过预时效后,由于降低了合金的加工硬化以及应变速率敏感性系数,对合金的塑性有不利的影响。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金加工硬化特性

利用显微硬度法，结合时效过程中组织的变化规律，研究了Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金在不同冷变形量下的加工硬化效应及其对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明，由于位错密度增加，位错缠结导致了加工硬化；合金在中温区(400～450℃)时效时，有较高的加工硬化率；加工硬化率随温度降低而显著升高。     

挤压态ZM61-Sn合金的显微组织及高温力学性能（英文）

利用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温拉伸对挤压态ZM61-x Sn(x=2,4,8,质量分数,%)合金的显微组织、高温力学性能和断裂机制进行了研究。结果表明添加Sn元素可有效细化合金组织且细化效果随Sn含量的增加而增强。挤压态ZM61-x Sn(x=2,4,8)合金的平均晶粒尺寸分别为11,8和4μm。随Sn含量的增加,合金的力学性能先升高后降低。在所有的实验合金中ZM61-4Sn合金的强度最高,当在180℃下进行拉伸实验时,其极限抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为216和173 MPa。合金的延伸率随Sn含量的增加而增加,当拉伸温度为300℃时,ZM61-x Sn(x=2,4,8)合金的延伸率分别为183.8%,235.8%和258.6%。ZM61-4Sn合金具有最好的强度和塑性的结合。试样最后的断裂主要由局部缩颈引起以及试样的主要断裂机制为显微孔洞聚集。当在260和300℃下拉伸时,合金发生了不完全的动态再结晶。     

Y对Al-Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响

研究了不同Y含量(0.02%,0.05%,0.10%)对Al-0.16Zr合金铸态、轧制态和时效态的微观组织、硬度和电导率的影响。结果表明,Y含量为0.05%和0.10%时,能显著的细化合金晶粒。随着Y含量增加,晶粒细化效果逐渐增强。铸态Al-0.16Zr合金在350℃时效过程中,Y添加具有显著的时效强化效果,Y含量越高,达到峰值时效所需时间越短。但是由于共格Al3Zr沉淀相的析出,点阵失配畸变场的存在将导致合金电导率降低。而在轧制态合金的时效过程中,位错密度的降低引起退火软化,但是Y的添加仍明显提高了合金的硬度。综合考虑,轧制态Al-0.16Zr-0.10Y合金经350℃×30h时效后具有最优的硬度和电导率。     

压缩条件下AZ31镁合金第Ⅱ阶段加工硬化

在温度为25℃~300℃、应变速率为3×10~(-2)s~(-1)~10~(-4)s~(-1)的条件下,对挤压态的AZ31镁合金沿挤压方向进行了压缩试验,试验研究了加工硬化率随应力的变化关系,以及产生第Ⅱ阶段加工硬化的原因。结果表明,在一定温度及应变速率范围内,加工硬化率随应力增加而增加,当加工硬化率达到峰值时即出现第Ⅱ阶段加工硬化。产生第Ⅱ阶段加工硬化的主要原因是压缩过程中,镁合金组织产生了{1012}拉伸孪晶,随着孪晶数量增加,大量孪晶界会阻碍位错运动,造成加工硬化率升高。     

Si含量对铸造Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及室温拉伸等手段,研究元素Si对铸造Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-10Gd-1Y-xSi-0.5Zr(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2)合金的铸态和固溶时效态显微组织均由α-Mg、Mg_5Gd和Mg_(24)Y_5相组成,Si的加入产生新相Mg_2Si。随着Si含量的增加,铸态合金中枝晶状组织明显减少并逐渐消失,晶粒细化,合金的析出相增多。时效态合金中当Si含量增加至1 mass%时,合金组织化学成分最均匀,析出相呈颗粒状和棒条状分布于基体中。在室温下,铸态和时效态合金的抗拉强度,均随着Si含量的增加先升后降,Mg-10Gd-1Y-1Si-0.5Zr合金的抗拉强度最高,时效态合金强度达到最高为256.2 MPa,比Mg-10Gd-1Y-0.5Zr合金高出将近40 MPa。合金的伸长率随Si含量的增加而减小,其断裂方式都属脆性断裂。     

形变热处理对Mg-6Zn-1Zr-1.5Y合金组织与性能的影响

研究挤压比及时效处理对Mg-6Zn-1Zr-1.5Y合金组织及力学性能的影响规律,初步分析了该合金在形变热处理过程中的强化机制。结果表明:随着挤压比增加,其延伸率逐渐升高,而其强度则先升高后下降;时效处理后,挤压比λ=10的棒材的强度和延伸率都有所下降,λ=13的棒材强度和延伸率都有所升高,λ=25的棒材的强度提高而延伸率降低。该合金的主要强化机制包括:细晶强化,加工硬化和时效强化;合金热挤压后的性能取决于细晶强化和加工硬化的交互作用,时效后的性能取决于时效强化与加工硬化的交互作用。     

Acid-base behavior of cryptand 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 21, 24-octaaza-bicyclo [8, 8, 8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hexone and complex formation

The bicyclic cryptand I, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 21,24-octaaza-bigcyclo [8, 8, 8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hex-one (COBH) bearing diaminoethane groups along the eight-atom bridges was synthesized. The structure consists of discrete neutral macrobicyclic units; the two cycles share the two tertiary amine nitrogen atoms, which exhibit an endo-endo conformation. Three identical branches formed by I, 2-diaminoethane link the two tertiary amine groups. The protonation reactions ofcryptand (COBH) and its complex formation with copper (II) were investigated by potentiometry in water and in a DMSO/water (80: 20 in mass ratio) mixture as solvents. The cryptand acts as a bis-base through its two Nbridgehead and exhibits a strong cooperativity that favors the first protonation and makes the second one difficult (ΔpK≈5.0 ). An inward rotation of the amide groups to form hydrogen bonds accounts for this cooperativity. The interaction of COBH with copper (II) leads to several binuclear complex proton contents.     

Acid-base behavior of cryptand 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 21, 24-octaaza-bicycio[8, 8, 8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hexone and complex formation

The bicyclic cryptand 1,4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 21, 24-octaaza-bigcyclo [8, 8, 8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hexone (COBH) bearing diaminoethane groups along the eight-atom bridges was synthesized. The structure consists of discrete neutral macrobicyclic units; the two cycles share the two tertiary amine nitrogen atoms, which exhibit an endo-endo conformation. Three identical branches formed by 1, 2-diaminoethane link the two tertiary amine groups. The protonation reactions ofcryptand (COBH) and its complex formation with copper (Ⅱ) were investigated by potentiometry in water and in a DMSO/water (80: 20 in mass ratio) mixture as solvents. The cryptand acts as a bis-base through its two Nbridgehead and exhibits a strong cooperativity that favors the first protonation and makes the second one difficult (pK 5.0 ). An inward rotation of the amide groups to form hydrogen bonds accounts for this cooperativity. The interaction of COBH with copper (Ⅱ) leads to several binuclear complex proton contents.     

Supplemental Literature Review of Binary Phase Diagrams: Cs-In, Cs-K, Cs-Rb, Eu-In, Ho-Mn, K-Rb, Li-Mg, Mg-Nd, Mg-Zn, Mn-Sm, O-Sb, and Si-Sr

Recent literature on Cs-In, Cs-K, Cs-Rb, Eu-In, Ho-Mn, K-Rb, Li-Mg, Mg-Nd, Mg-Zn, Mn-Sm, O-Sb, and Si-Sr phase diagrams is reviewed in this article in order to update the 1990 compilation Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd edition, by T.B. Massalski, et al. For some systems reaction tables and crystal structure data have been included, as well. Diagrams have been checked for consistency with rules for phase diagram construction and modified when necessary. In addition, diagrams needing more work have been identified.     

Supplemental Literature Review of Binary Phase Diagrams: Bi-Ce, Bi-Er, C-Ce, C-La, C-Pr, Cd-I, Cr-Cu, Cu-Er, Er-Sb, F-Sm, F-Yb, and Fe-Gd

Recent literature on Bi-Ce, Bi-Er, C-Ce, C-La, C-Pr, Cd-I, Cr-Cu, Cu-Er, Er-Sb, F-Sm, F-Yb, and Fe-Gd phase diagrams is reviewed in this article in order to update the 1990 compilation Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd edition, by T.B. Massalski, et al. For some systems reaction tables and crystal structure data have been included, as well. Diagrams have been checked for consistency with rules for phase diagram construction and modified when necessary. In addition, diagrams needing more work have been identified.