浅述数据库应用系统设计

系统设计,一般包括总体设计和具体设计两方面。其中,总体设计内容主要包括系统功能设计、系统处理流程设计、设计规范制定和硬件配置方案制定等;具体设计内容则主要包括数据库设计、输入设计、输出设计和程序模块设计说明等。     

支持快速设计的重用策略研究及其应用

设计重用就是将过去的设计知识和成功经验用于当前的设计中,它是支持快速设计的重要手段。研究了支持机械产品设计重用的基本理论以及面向设计过程的重用框架;提出设计重用表现为设计准备重用和实施设计重用两个方面;指出设计重用的难点是准备重用。创建设计向导和设计信息捕捉机制,组织挖掘已有的设计知识,以工程基础库为支撑,通过事例推理是实现设计重用的有效措施。应用于支持型号夹具快速设计的重用策略,满足了企业快速设计的要求。     

复杂机械产品设计系统与设计能力关系模型

针对支持正向设计的设计系统与企业设计能力关系问题,结合设计资源类型及集成技术成熟度方法创新性,提出设计能力衡量指标及其算法.设计能力衡量指标由设计流程完整率、设计工具完整率、设计准则完整率和设计数据使用率4项指标组成,设计流程完整率通过设计流程占当前整理的设计流程总数的比例获得,设计工具完整率通过设计工具占当年整理的流程任务节点所需工具总数的比例获得,设计准则完整率通过设计遵循的设计准则所占当年整理的设计活动所需准则总数的比例获得,设计数据使用率用非结构化数据使用率来表示.采用灰色关联和模糊综合评价改进模型求出设计能力衡量指标的准则权重,考虑到延时因素对设计系统与设计能力交互关系的影响,以logistic方程为基础构建考虑延时的设计系统与设计能力作用模型,为企业的设计系统应用决策和设计能力提升提供依据和方法.     

Design Management Absorption Model: A Framework to Describe and Measure the Absorption Process of Design Knowledge by SMEs with Little or no Prior Design Experience

The introduction of new design knowledge or design resources in companies with little or no design experience has been at the core of design support programmes in several countries. Scholars investigated the use of design and identified different design and design management capabilities to deploy design effectively in companies of all sizes. However, how design and design management capability is built in SMEs with little or no prior design experience is insufficiently investigated. Based on the absorptive capacity construct from the broader field of innovation studies, this paper proposes a comprehensive design management absorption model that includes design management capabilities enabling design absorption in SMEs with little or no prior design experience as well as indicators to measure the progress of absorption. The model allows for analysing and guiding the process companies go through when using design as a strategic resource for the first time.     

产品整合设计模式及其应用研究

通过整合设计的定义,进一步阐述整合设计形成的全球背景,在比较工业设计百年来各不同阶段设计模式发展的基础上,明确整合设计由设计模式、设计水准与设计需求三维因素所组成的内容以及其面对不同产品设计需求所能提供的27种整合设计服务方式。产品整合设计主要整合企业资源、设计资源、制造资源、价值资源与产品系统等。利用康佳与诺基亚手机产品群整合设计实例进一步说明整合设计模式及其应用。     

基于功能面的产品布局与人机工程协同设计的研究

在产品概念设计中,布局设计和人机工程设计是两个相互影响和制约的设计过程,。为了将这种布局设计和人机工程设计协同起来,将功能面作为概念设计发解的依据,并在此基础上提出了基于功能面的协同概念设计过程和方法,以及布局设施 人机工程协同设计模型和形式化描述方法,最后结合摩托车的概念设计实例给出了一个计算机支持的布局和人机工程协同设计系统的实现方案。     

利用设计原型集成概念设计和结构设计

为了集成概念设计和结构设计,必须解决概念设计到结构设计的映射这个ICAD的瓶颈问题,文章采用基于设计原型的设计方法实现从概念设计到结构设计的映射。首先建立概念设计原型和结构设计原型,将概念设计原型和结构设计原型的信息进行分类,利用概念设计原型与结构设计原型信息之间的分类匹配关系进行原型的匹配推理,实现原型的选择与提取,完成从概念设计到结构设计的映射;再利用结构设计原型的丰富信息,从抽象的简单的概念设计信息开始,逐层利用原型,步步细化,完成产品设计。     

Introduction and analysis of shaping design of parts and some typical shaping method

In order to improve the shaping design ability of students in mechanical drawing,it is necessary to introduce and analyze the shaping design of parts and some typical shaping method.Firstly,shaping designs of different structures of some parts such as installation part,connection part and so on are introduced,and then the shaping design procedure of the base of reducer is analyzed.Secondly,some typical shaping design methods such as shaping design based on the deformation of the basic body,profile design shaping design,complementary shaping design,equal volume shaping design,variation shaping design and combinatorial shaping design are introduced and analyzed.Finally,the design model of various pipe joints used in the exhibition hall is given as a design question.It will be helpful to improve the spatial imagination and shaping ability of students.     

秩序与自由的博弈——低碳经济时代的工业设计之审视

低碳经济时代下,工业设计应该如何应对新的挑战呢?文章从哲学的角度出发,分析了设计的秩序和自由的博弈,寻求设计秩序理念和设计自由思想之间的一种平衡,从而重点阐述设计秩序观的理论,以此来协调现代设计观。作为一种新的设计思维方法,设计秩序观的提出具有重大的积极意义。设计秩序引导设计自由,设计自由激活设计秩序。秩序观是人类的既定要求,也是工业设计发展的最高层次。     

Design as integration of axiomatic design and design structure matrix

Axiomatic design and design structure matrix (DSM) are two popular design methods at the moment, while most related researches only apply the basic ideas of axiomatic design or DSM to some use cases. This paper analyses the disadvantages of both axiomatic design and DSM. The axiomatic design method guides the designer finding suitable design parameters to meet the needs of function requirements. But axiomatic design cannot support the designer to know the interactions amongst the design parameters, including geometry, spatial layout, interfaces (e.g. logical and physical connectivity), which will decide the quality of the design. DSM has the advantages at recording and analysing the interaction relationship between existing product elements. However, at the conceptual design stage or for a new product that has never been designed before, it is difficult to make the DSM. After deep investigations, it has been found that there are strong complementarities between axiomatic design and DSM, and integration of both sides is advocated for better-quality design. The main outcome of this work is the formal interpretation of the integration logic between axiomatic design and DSM. Under such integration context, the conceptual design process can be seen as a recursive interaction of axiomatic design's design matrix (DM) and corresponding DSM. In this way, axiomatic design and DSM can benefit from each other. A computer-aided conceptual design system has been developed to realize the proposed integration model of axiomatic design and DSM.     

Text analysis for constructing design representations

An emerging model in concurrent product design and manufacturing is the federation of workgroups across traditional functional ‘silos’. Along with the benefits of this concurrency comes the complexity of sharing and accessing design information. The primary challenge in sharing design information across functional workgroups lies in reducing the complex expressions of associations between design elements. Collaborative design systems have addressed this problem from the perspective of formalizing a shared ontology or product model. We share the perspective that the design model and ontology are an expression of the ‘meaning’ of the design and provide a means by which information sharing in design may be achieved. However, in many design cases, formalizing an ontology before the design begins, establishing the knowledge sharing agreements or mapping out the design hierarchy is potentially more expensive than the design itself. This paper introduces a technique for inducing a representation of the design based upon the syntactic patterns contained in the corpus of design documents. The association between the design and the representation for the design is captured by basing the representation on terminological patterns at the design text. In the first stage, we create a ‘dictionary’ of noun-phrases found in the text corpus based upon a measurement of the content carrying power of the phrase. In the second stage, we cluster the words to discover inter-term dependencies and build a Bayesian belief network which describes a conceptual hierarchy specific to the domain of the design. We integrate the design document learning system with an agent-based collaborative design system for fetching design information based on our ‘smart drawings’ paradigm.     

设计功能性与情感化的交替上升研究

研究设计的发展规律对于我们更好地认清设计的发展方向具有重要作用。本文以产品本身为对象,通过分析设计史,探究设计的发展规律。结果发现,工业设计的发展过程具有功能性与情感化设计交替上升的特点。结合这一规律的背景因素,得出了一些有关设计趋势的结论:在两者的同步行进时期,设计往往处于平稳发展阶段,发展的形式主要表现为小规模的量变;每当有一方异军突起时,设计往往处于迅猛发展阶段,容易发生推动性的质变。     

Erklärende Designtheorie

Design, design research, and design science have received increasing attention lately. This has led to a more scientific focus on design that then has made it timely to reconsider our definitions of the design theory concept. Many scholars in Information Systems assume a design theory requires a complex and elaborate structure. While this structure has appeal for its completeness and complexity, it has led scholars to criticize simplicity and elegance in design science theories that fail to demonstrate the “required” elements. Such criticisms lead to questions about whether design theory can be considered theory at all. Based on a study of notable design writing in architecture, finance, management, cognitive psychology, computer science as well as information systems and the philosophy of science, the authors demonstrate that design theory consists of two parts: a design practice theory and an explanatory design theory. An explanatory design theory provides a functional explanation as to why a solution has certain components in terms of the requirements stated in the design. For explanatory design theory, only two elements are essentially necessary for a complete design theory: requirements and solution components. The argument is logical as well as empirical; the authors give examples of design theory drawing from IS as well as other design-related fields show how design theory can be both simple and complete. The paper concludes with a proposal for explanatory design theory.     

关注触觉的产品设计

现代设计囊括了视觉设计、嗅觉设计、听觉设计等诸多方面。当现代设计还主要从视觉角度分析设计,理解设计时,日本却早已开始了新一轮由触觉体验引发的设计变革。本文将对触觉体验设计的发展和现状进行分析,概括地提出了关注触觉体验设计的新概念,辅以实例说明这种设计方法是如何开展的,得出了良好的触觉体验设计的判断标准。最后,对本文将对关注触觉体验的产品设计方法的发展趋势进行预测,以期对现代设计有所裨益。     

浅谈现代工业产品设计的趋势转变

本文从近年来人们情感需求、生活方式、设计手段等方面的变化出发,探讨了现代工业产品设计的几种转变趋势,分析并阐述为从功能设计到情感设计的转变;从技术设计到理念设计的转变;从单体设计到系统设计的转变;从整体设计到细节设计的转变等方面,进一步开拓设计师的设计思路。     

浅谈产品的创新设计

在现代工业产品设计中,设计创意与创新设计对产品设计的成功起着举足轻重的作用,设计师的创意与创新设计能使其设计的工业产品给大众留有深刻的印象,因为新奇能给予人很深的印象,此论文谈及了设计的表现基础,同时对一些名师的设计进行了分析,使大家更加了解到工业设计中的创意与创新对工业产品的作用,希望通过此论文的学习,使大家能更多的了解创意与创新设计,并能在以后的设计中突发其想,做出更多优秀新奇的工业产品设计。     

Object-oriented design: A goal-driven and pattern-based approach

In recent years, the influences of design patterns on software quality have attracted increasing attention in the area of software engineering, as design patterns encapsulate valuable knowledge to resolve design problems, and more importantly to improve the design quality. One of the key challenges in object-oriented design is how to apply appropriate design patterns during the system development. In this paper, design pattern is analyzed from different perspectives to see how it can facilitate design activities, handle non-functional requirement, solve design problems and resolve design conflicts. Based on the analysis, various kinds of applicability of design patterns are explored and integrated with a goal-driven approach to guiding developers to construct the object-oriented design model in a systematic manner. There are three benefits to the proposed approach: making it easy to meet requirements, helping resolve design conflicts, and facilitating improvement of the design quality.     

Shoe-last design innovation for better shoe fitting

Shoe-last, a 3D mould used for making footwear, influence the shape, size and fitting of footwear. Current shoe-last design software has focused mainly on reverse engineering of existing shoe-last and modification. Shoe-last designers have generally preferred to design the shoe-last manually due to limitations of design software. In order to solve these problems, a new software based on CATIA platform was developed. The shoe-last model is based on foot shape measurement data and foot biomechanics. Using the existing shoe-last design standards and the sections from existing shoe-lasts, design tables and relationship equations enables the design of shoe-last with different toe type, heel height and custom shoe-last. The design includes comfort and fit aspects as well as design aspect, therefore enables design of aesthetical comfortable shoes. Since the design can be modified instantaneously, the designers could visualize design changes leading to a reduction in shoe-last design cycle.     

Implementation of knowledge-based engineering methodology in ship structural design

The work presents a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) methodology for ship hull structural member design. In the ship design process, many design tasks need the expertise or design experiences to support them. However, the ship design procedure is a complicated process with many labor-intensive activities. Therefore it is necessary to integrate intelligent design process into ship design. An application developed in a KBE system takes design requirements, applies the knowledge stored in the knowledge base and generates a new design automatically. Knowledge-based engineering methods for ship design are put forward, which combine with the theory of intelligent design. A ship deck design case illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The KBE technology provides appropriate suggestions and support, integrates the information, to avoid conflict and errors. Besides, it also achieves knowledge reuse and accumulation, provides reliable technical support for ship design quality, significantly reduces the design cycle, and promotes working efficiency.     

Design Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization tool (DSO) for shape design applications

The Design Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization (DSO) tool, developed initially for sizing design application, has been extended to support shape design applications of structural components. The new capabilities including shape design parameterization, error analysis and mesh adaptation, design velocity field computation, shape design sensitivity analysis, and interactive design steps, are discussed. These capabilities are integrated on the top of the DSO framework that includes databases, user interface, foundation class and remote module. The DSO allows the design engineer to easily create geometric, design, and analysis models; define performance measures; perform design sensitivity analysis (DSA); and carry out a four-step interactive design process that includes visual display of design sensitivity, what-if study, trade-off analysis, and interactive design optimization. Additionally, a 3-D tracked vehicle clevis is presented in this paper to demonstrate the new capabilities.