气相色谱法测定美罗培南中残留溶剂含量

建立了美罗培南原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定方法。采用顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法,HP-5毛细管柱（30 m×0.53 mm×1.5μm）,以氮气为载气,用FID检测器测定美罗培南原料药中丙酮、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃的残留量。表明3种有机溶剂完全分离,质量浓度在考察范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系（r〉0.99）,平均回收率为98.56%～104.67%,精密度RSD均〈10%,最低检出限为（0.05～0.15）×10^-6。顶空气相色谱法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于美罗培南中3种有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法测定头孢唑肟钠中多种溶剂残留量

建立了头孢唑肟钠原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定方法。采用顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法,DB-624（30 m×0.53 mm×1.5μm）毛细管柱分离,以氮气为载气,FID检测器测定甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸甲酯等溶剂残留量。结果表明,5种有机溶剂完全分离,质量浓度在考察范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系（r〉0.99）,平均回收率为92.0%～105.6%,精密度RSD均〈10%,最低检出限为0.03-0.06μg·mL^-1。顶空气相色谱法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于头孢唑肟钠5种有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

HS-GC法测定酒石酸美托洛尔中有机溶剂残留量

建立了顶空气相法测定酒石酸美托洛尔中有机溶剂残留量的方法。采用DM 624色谱柱(30.0 m×0.53 mm×3.0μm);程序升温;进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度为250℃;顶空瓶平衡温度为90℃,顶空瓶平衡时间为30 min。结果表明:各成分分离良好,浓度与峰面积均呈线性(r0.999),平均回收率为97.6%~101.8%,RSD为0.63%~1.81%。本法简便、准确,可用于酒石酸美托洛尔中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

气相色谱法测定磁性脂质体中有机溶剂残留量

建立了磁性脂质体中有机溶剂残留量的测定方法。采用Agilent HP-5型毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.5μm)、氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),以二氯甲烷为内标物,直接进样测定磁性脂质体中有机溶剂(乙醇和氯仿)的残留量。线性相关系数R0.9995,乙醇和氯仿的平均回收率分别为98.2%和97.3%,RSD≤3.0%(n=9),最低检测浓度分别为0.10μg.mL-1和0.05μg.mL-1。该法简便快速、精密可靠,适用于磁性脂质体中有机溶剂残留量的检测。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定倍他米松中有机溶剂残留量

建立了倍他米松中溶剂残留量的分离测定方法。采用气相色谱法,以氮气为载气,FID检测器,KB-5毛细管柱,程序升温,外标法测定倍他米松中甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷和甲苯及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的残留量。5种有机溶剂完全分离,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好的线性,r=0.999 4~0.999 9,平均回收率97.48%~102.24%,精密度RSD小于5%,检测限0.03~0.10μg/mL。所建立的方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于倍他米松中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定米氮平原料药中的有机溶剂残留量

建立了米氮平原料药中乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等有机溶剂残留量毛细管气相色谱测定法。采用HP-1毛细管柱(30m×0.53mm,3μm),以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,氮气为载气,FID检测器进行检测。结果表明:以上5种有机溶剂的浓度(μg·mL-1)分别在100.008~1 000.080、12.124~121.244、1.202~12.016、14.433~144.328、17.659~176.592的范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,检出限(μg·mL-1)分别为1.03、0.83、0.47、0.32、1.04;平均回收率分别为99.21%、98.72%、99.38%、99.03%、99.29%;精密度实验相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于1%。该方法灵敏、准确,可用于米氮平原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

固相微萃取结合GC-MS测定食用植物油中的残留有机溶剂

建立了一种食用植物油中有机溶剂残留量的快速测定方法。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法(SPMEGC-MS),使用30~50μm PDMS/CAR/DVB复合涂层固相微萃取器,载气为氦气,色谱柱为HP-5MS,外标法测定了食用油中有机溶剂的残留量。在2.5~25 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,R为0.999 0,加标回收率为97.8%,相对标准差为5.27%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于食用油中有机溶剂残留的测定。     

气相色谱法测定恩替卡韦中有机溶剂残留量

目的：建立气相色谱法测定恩替卡韦中有机溶剂残留量。方法：采用Agilent KB-624毛细管柱（60m×0.53mm,3.0μm）;氮气为载气;进样口温度为250℃;检测器温度为300℃;柱温为200℃。结果：在本文色谱条件下,分离度良好,检测浓度在所考察的范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性,r=0.9990～0.9999;平均回收率为96.3%～106.2%,精密度试验及准确度试验的RSD均小于5%。结论：本试验建立的色谱方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,适合恩替卡韦有机溶剂残留量的检测。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定交联透明质酸钠凝胶中残留溶剂二甲基亚砜

建立毛细管气相色谱法测定交联透明质酸钠凝胶中有机溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)残留量的测定方法。采用SE-30毛细管柱(50 m×0.53 mm×3.0μm),FID检测器,检测器温度为230℃,进样口温度为210℃,无水乙醇为溶剂。二甲基亚砜与溶剂峰完全分离,DMSO在2.142 8~1071.4μg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=1),平均回收率为100.99%。该方法可用于交联透明质酸钠凝胶中DMSO残留量测定。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定油类和水类化妆品中21种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定油类和水类化妆品中21种邻苯二甲酸酯含量的方法。采用不同有机溶剂提取的方式对样品进行净化处理,在以甲基(5%苯基)聚硅氧烷为固定相的DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×250 mm×0.25μm)中进行气相色谱分离,选取3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的同位素作为内标,用质谱法进行测定。结果发现:21种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性质量浓度范围为0.01~10μg/mL,相关系数r0.999,检测限为0.02~0.68 mg/kg,平均回收率(n=9)为94.8%~103.7%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.