导电聚苯胺复合膜的合成及性能分析

本文采用膜相渗透化学原位聚合法合成了具有良好性能和优于基体膜微孔结构形态的PAn/CA复合导电膜.在制备较优性能的PAn/CA复合导电膜的最佳适宜条件基础上,通过红外、紫外光谱、电镜和电导率等对复合膜材料的结构、光电性能和稳定性进行了表征和分析,得到了一些较有价值、有意义的结果.     

醋酸纤维素导电纤维膜的制备及其电热性能研究

以醋酸纤维素(CA)为原料制备静电纺丝纤维膜，研究其可纺性能。结果表明，在CA的质量分数为10%～12%,纺丝距离为10～15cm,纺丝电压为12.5～17.5kV,丙酮/DMAc溶剂配比为6∶3的纺丝条件下，可以获得粗细均匀，表面平滑，且直径小于700nm的CA纳米纤维。将制备的纳米纤维膜脱乙酰化处理后，利用原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/醋酸纤维(PPy/D-CA)复合导电膜，并对其电热性能进行测试，结果表明PPy/D-CA复合导电膜具有较好的电热性能。     

低方阻、高透光度复合透明导电膜的研制

摘要:针对低方阻、高透光度透明导电膜的要求,利用薄膜光学干涉原理,设计了ITO+Si02复合型的透明导电膜;研究了基底温度、沉积速率、充氧量等工艺参数对ITO膜的影响;利用优化的工艺参数成功制备了复合透明导电膜.测试结果表明,膜层性能优异,能够满足使用要求.     

FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜光电性能

采用溶液浸渍法在ITO导电玻璃表面的多孔TiO2薄膜上沉积了FeS2薄膜.使用Fe2O3粉末保护裸露在外的ITO导电膜在硫气氛中热处理后,制得了FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜.应用B531/H数显测厚指示表、数字式四探针测试仪、XJCM-8太阳电池测试仪等研究了FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜的厚度、ITO导电玻璃的电阻率以及FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜的光电性能.结果表明：此方法制得的FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜具有良好的光电性能;且ITO导电膜的电阻率变化较小.因而适宜制备色素增感太阳能电池（DSSC）.     

磷酸三钙/海藻酸钙复合平板膜的制备及其力学性能

本文提供了一种制备磷酸三钙/海藻酸钙（TCP/CA）复合平板膜的方法,以提高CA水凝胶的强度,并使其力学性能容易测试。在水溶液中将TCP与海藻酸钠复合,制备了TCP/CA复合平板膜,采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对其进行表征,研究了不同TCP含量的TCP/CA复合平板膜的溶胀性能与复合平板膜在湿态和干态下的力学性能。结果表明：随着TCP含量的增加,TCP/CA复合平板膜在生理盐水中的溶胀率逐渐降低;TCP/CA复合平板膜在干态和湿态下的极限应力值均随着TCP含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;干态下的极限应力、模量和断裂能要明显大于湿态下的。该TCP/CA复合平板膜制备方法简单、厚度可控、易批量生产,在控制释放和组织工程领域有潜在的应用前景。     

导电聚吡咯/醋酸纤维素复合膜的合成及性能研究

采用相分离原位聚合法在醋酸纤维素(CA)基体中合成聚吡咯(PPy),可制成均匀的PPy/CA导电复合薄膜,成膜后朝向玻璃的膜面(反面)是绝缘的,而朝向溶液的膜面(正面)却是导电的.膜中吡咯/醋酸纤维素的投料比为0.091时,导电复合膜的表面电阻约为20Ω/cm.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对导电复合膜两面的化学组成、表面形态进行了表征.分析了制备条件对PPy/CA复合膜导电性能的影响.     

PAN/CA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能表征

为了研究聚丙烯腈/二醋酸(PAN/CA)复合纳米纤维膜的截滤性能,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂,将PAN/CA以质量比分别为100/0、90/10、80/20共混配制成质量分数为10%的溶液,以静电纺丝技术,制备PAN/CA复合纳米纤维膜.借助扫描电镜(SEM)及相关测试软件,测出复合纳米纤维的平均直径分布...     

二醋酸/有机改性蒙脱土复合多孔纤维的制备及其染料吸附性能

利用高挥发溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术,通过在二醋酸(CA)纺丝液中添加不同质量分数(0%、1%、2%、3%和4%)的有机改性蒙脱土(O-MMT),制备CA/O-MMT复合多孔纤维膜,通过对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附,比较纤维膜的吸附性能。通过电导率仪和黏度计分别对纺丝液的电导率和黏度进行测试;利用扫描电镜分析O-MMT加入量对制备的复合纳米纤维形貌的影响;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱证实CA/O-MMT复合多孔纤维膜的复合结构;采用透射电镜观察O-MMT在纤维中的分布;通过紫外-可见分光光度计测量复合纤维膜对染料的吸附性能。结果表明:随着O-MMT含量的增加,纤维直径变细,纤维珠节增加,但纤维膜对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能提高;且反应温度的升高有利于复合纤维膜对亚甲基蓝染料的降解;酸性条件不利于复合纤维膜对亚甲基蓝染料的降解。     

纳米SiO_2对醋酸纤维素相转化膜的结构及吸附脱色性能的影响

首先利用浸没沉淀相转化法制得醋酸纤维素(CA)和不同纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)含量的CA/SiO_2相转化膜,利用视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其形貌结构进行表征,并通过BET测试探讨了纳米SiO_2对相转化膜的比表面积和孔径的影响,借助吸附亚甲基蓝实验研究了纳米SiO_2对CA相转化膜吸附脱色性能的影响。结果表明,随着纳米SiO_2含量增加,相转化膜表面开始出现多孔结构,孔径越来越大。CA/SiO_2相转化膜的比表面积由CA相转化膜的16.36m2/g增加到18.19m2/g,6h吸附率达到最大,CA/SiO_2和CA相转化膜对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附率分别是93.7%和81.0%,表明纳米SiO_2的加入提高了相转化膜的比表面积和吸附脱色性能。     

ITO透明导电膜制备工艺研究

电子器件柔性化、超薄化对柔性ITO透明导电膜需求越来越为迫切,但是由于ITO薄膜本身性质局限和柔性衬底问题,使得ITO透明导电膜的光电性能极容易受到影响。以PET柔性基材制备ITO膜为例,从ITO透明导电膜膜系结构出发,研究就ITO透明导电膜的制备工艺,对提高ITO透明导电膜的光电性能进行简要的探讨。     

The conductive polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fabrics

Conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics in the aqueous hydrochloride acid solutions using potassium dichromate as the oxidant. The effect of the polymerization conditions such as temperature, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloride acid concentrations was investigated on the electrical surface resistance and polyaniline (PAn) content of PAn/PET composite fabrics. The maximum PAn content and the lower electrical resistance of composite fabrics were observed at the HCl concentrations of 0.25 M and 1.5 M, respectively. The electrical surface resistance of the PAn/PET composite fabrics was decreased under vacuum five-fold more than the ones kept under in air. The properties of PAn/PET composite fabrics such as density, diameter and moisture regain were also investigated in comparison with the those of pure PET. The conductive composite fabrics were characterized by surface resistance, FTIR and TGA techniques.     

聚苯胺/氧化石墨的合成及其在DNA识别上的应用

采用层离/吸附和原位聚合相结合的方法合成了聚苯胺/氧化石墨复合材料（PAn/GO）.利用TEM、AFM、XRD、FTIR等方法对PAn/GO的结构和电化学性能进行了研究.以PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极为工作电极,采用方波伏安法（SWV）检测了单链小牛胸腺DNA（CTssDNA）和双链小牛胸腺DNA（CTdsDNA）.研究结果表明：PAn/GO为当量直径约60 nm～70 nm的扁球状纳米颗粒,这些纳米颗粒呈链状聚集,并具有电化学活性;聚苯胺（PAn）以双层平行排列的方式嵌入氧化石墨层间和包覆在氧化石墨表面两种形式与氧化石墨结合;PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极识别单链小牛胸腺DNA（CTssDNA）和双链小牛胸腺DNA（CTdsDNA）时的峰电位分别为90.99 mV和18.00 mV.     

An investigation on synthesis and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline sensitized nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites

Polyaniline (PAn) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO₂ composite photocatalyst (PAn/TiO₂) with high activity and easy separation was facilely prepared by in situ chemical oxidation of aniline from the surfaces of the TiO₂ nanoparticles. The morphology, structure, and light absorption properties of composite photocatalyst were examined in term of its application to photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of PAn/TiO₂ nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was investigated and compared with pure TiO₂. The spectra analyses illustrated that, when PAn deposited on the surface of TiO₂, the crystalline behavior of PAn was hampered and the degree of crystallinity decreased, and the characteristic peaks of the PAn were shifted indicating that there was a strong interaction between PAn and TiO₂ nanoparticles. PAn was able to sensitize TiO₂ efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light (λ = 190–800 nm), whereas pure TiO₂ absorbed ultraviolet light only (λ < 400 nm). Photocatalytic experiments showed that under natural light irradiation, MB could be degraded more efficiently on the PAn/TiO₂ than on the pure TiO₂, due to the charge transfer from PAn to TiO₂ and efficient separation of e⁻-h⁺ pairs on the interface of PAn and TiO₂ in the excited state. More significantly, the PAn/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst exhibited easy separation and less deactivation after several runs. The advantages of the obtained PAn/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst revealed its great practical potential in wastewater treatment.     

Synthesis and characterization of α-Fe2O3/polyaniline nanotube composite as electrochemical sensor for uric acid detection

We report the synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃/polyaniline nanotube (PAn NTs) composite as an electrochemical sensor for uric acid (UA) detection. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicates a hexagonal shape of the α-Fe₂O₃ while a nanotube morphology of the PAn. Impedance spectroscopy results confirm a significant decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with α-Fe₂O₃/PAn NTs due to the presence of PAn NTs. The results show that the increase in the conductivity of α-Fe₂O₃ in the presence of PAnNTs could improve the catalytic performance of α-Fe₂O₃/PAn NTs composite, compared to the pure α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. From differential pulse voltammetry, a linear working range for the concentration of UA between 0.01?µM and 5?µM, with a LOD of 0.038?µM (S/N?=?3) was obtained. The sensitivity of the linear segment is 0.433?μA?µM^?1. The reliability of the modified electrode towards the detection of UA was investigated in the presence of interfering acids such as ascorbic acid, citric acid and succinic acid.     

渗透汽化分离有机物

用不同的方法制备了几种分离有机物的膜，如CA/PAN、PVA/PAN的复合膜，以及含金属离子载体的PVA膜，这些膜是复合膜或非对称膜．测量了膜材料(CA和PVA—Me^n )的吸附特性并评价了其性能．结果表明，CA和CTA膜以及几种复合膜适于分离MTBE/MeOH，修正的溶解-扩散模型可成功地估算MTBE／MeOH透过CA膜的渗透汽化分离性能．从初步吸附试验看，含金属离子载体的PVA膜对分离苯／环乙烷体系可能是一好的候选膜．     

PVDF／PAn纳米复合材料的制备及介电性能的研究

以N—N二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂、过硫酸铵为氧化剂,利用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）中氟原子与苯胺分子中胺基氢原子之间的氢键作用,将苯胺小分子吸附于聚偏氟乙烯表面,然后经过乳液聚合反应,使聚苯胺（PAn）纳米颗粒均匀地包覆在聚偏氟乙烯表面,通过分子自组装过程制备出了具有核壳结构的聚苯胺包覆型PVDF／PAn纳米复合材料,用FT—IR、XRD、SEM、TH2818分析仪分析了材料的结构、形貌以及介电性能。     

Interfacial polymerization to high-quality polyacrylamide/polyaniline composite hydrogels

Conducting polymer hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyaniline (PAn) have been successfully synthesized through the interfacial polymerization. Compared to the conventional preparation methods, the interfacial polymerization is much more economical and effective because the PAn formed at the water/organic-solvent interface assembles spontaneously and exclusively into the PAAm hydrogel. In contrast to conventional materials, the resulting PAAm/PAn composite hydrogel exhibits high qualities including homogeneous structure, enhanced mechanical toughness, high electrical conductivity and the ability to reversibly interconvert between the doped and dedoped states. As-described interfacial polymerization for the fabrication of conducting polymer hydrogels does not depend on specific kinds of organic solvents or acid dopants.     

氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钙水凝胶复合膜对水中Cd(II)的吸附

将氧化石墨烯(GO)、致孔剂与海藻酸钠共混后与CaCl₂交联制备的GO/海藻酸钙（CA）水凝胶复合膜作为含重金属废水的吸附材料。采用SEM和TEM表征了复合膜的表面形貌及透射性能,且分析了GO的加入对复合膜的力学性能、平均孔径、水通量及表面官能团的影响。为探究GO/CA水凝胶复合膜的吸附性能,考察了其吸附Cd(II)的影响因素:pH（6~7）值、初始离子浓度、接触时间、温度（三者均正相关）。用FTIR、XPS在吸附前后对复合膜进行了表征;引入了吸附动力学和等温线模型分析其吸附机制。探究结果表明GO的加入提高了复合膜的力学性能、平均孔径及水通量;吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温线,属于单层吸附,拟合得到的最大吸附量为173.61 mg/g;伪一级和伪二级吸附动力学分别在低浓度和高浓度时能较好地描述吸附过程的动力学行为;吸附机制主要为物理作用力吸附和离子交换。经过5个连续的吸附-解吸循环证明了GO/CA水凝胶复合膜的可重复利用性。      

压力对导电高聚物聚苯胺性质影响的研究

压力对高分子材料的合成和性质有重要影响,对高分子材料采用压力处理是一种有效的改性手段.介绍了聚苯胺在压力下的制备方法,以及压力对聚苯胺的结构和光电特性的影响,并给出了理论解释.最后,介绍了聚苯胺在压力作用下的应用及前景.