基于Preston方程的反射杯抛磨工艺参数研究

反射杯是液电冲击波式碎石机的关键部件之一,目前国内主要依靠手工抛磨。为了实现反射杯尺寸精度、表面粗糙度和品质稳定、高效生产,在经改造的数控车床上,对一种气囊式抛磨头的反射杯抛磨工艺进行研究。在Preston去除函数解析的基础上结合椭圆赫兹接触理论,确定影响反射杯内表面材料去除量的重要参数。为了保证抛磨的质量要求,优化了抛磨轨迹。试验结果表明,达到了反射杯尺寸精度和表面粗糙度要求。     

瓷质玻化砖磨抛加工工艺研究

通过详细观察不同磨削抛光条件下瓷质玻化砖的表面形貌和显微结构,分析磨抛过程中砂轮粒度、粒度间隔、磨抛时间、工作材质等因素对表面粗糙度和表面光泽度的影响,研究瓷质玻化砖磨削抛光加工工艺过程,并通过计算机模拟磨粒动态运动轨迹,提出优选砂轮组织和工艺参数的原则。     

枫叶红花岗石游离磨料加工表面特性研究

采用游离磨料加工一种典型的枫叶红花岗石,并对其不同区域经粗磨、精磨、抛光后的表面粗糙度、光泽度和表面形貌进行了对比研究。结果表明,经过8 h抛光后,枫叶红光泽度达到89,且石英区较长石区更容易得到好的表面加工质量,抛光后的表面粗糙度值分别为0.05μm和0.14μm。     

机匣零件气道面及支板面的机器人磨抛加工

提出机匣零件气道及支板面机器人磨抛加工技术。针对机匣的气道面及支板面开发高带宽长悬伸自适应磨具,根据力控磨具的受力分析进一步设计PID力控制器,采用Robotmaster进行磨抛刀路规划,在机匣试验件上开展力控磨抛方案和无力控磨抛方案的对比试验。结果显示:力控磨抛方案的精度为±1.5 N, 且平均表面粗糙度为1.450 μm;而无力控磨抛方案中的力为20.0 N, 平均表面粗糙度为2.069 μm。力控磨抛后的机匣表面质量更高。      

滚抛磨块物理性能及其对7075铝合金滚磨光整加工的影响

目的 探索不同材质滚抛磨块的物理性能,及其对7075铝合金滚磨光整加工效果的影响.方法 相同条件下,使用不同材质滚抛磨块对7075铝合金试件进行滚磨光整加工实验和摩擦磨损实验,测试铝合金试件加工前后的粗糙度和材料去除量.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS),表征加工前后试件表面和磨痕形貌及元素成分的变化.结果 加工初始表面粗糙度Ra为1.200μm的铝合金试件,棕刚玉磨块的加工效率最高,加工极限Ra最低为0.262μm,对试件的材料去除量最大,呈递增趋势.白陶瓷磨块加工后,试件表面光亮度最好,氧化铝加工次之,棕刚玉加工最差.氧化铝磨块加工后,试件表面出现Fe元素堆积,棕刚玉磨块加工后,试件表面存在凹坑缺陷,凹坑内C、O元素质量分数分别达到了20.85％和41.86％.结论 加工初始表面较粗糙的铝合金试件,白陶瓷磨块加工效率及加工极限适中,加工后,试件表面无缺陷,表面光亮度最好.颗粒强度较小的滚抛磨块自锐性较好,加工效率高,但其表面致密性较差,磨耗大,不仅使得磨块利用率低,并且更易与试件表面发生吸附和氧化作用,在试件表面形成杂质颗粒和金属氧化物,降低试件表面光亮度.     

结合CSSA-BP神经网络的砂带磨抛表面粗糙度预测研究

镍基合金在航空涡轮机、压气机的叶片制造中广泛应用，提升其加工效率与质量是行业热点。为实现航发叶片恒力磨抛的表面粗糙度准确预测，提出一种基于改进麻雀搜索算法（CSSA）优化BP神经网络的预测模型，开展机器人砂带磨抛工艺参数预测研究。选取4个主要影响因素为变量进行正交试验和极差分析；利用BP神经网络建立表面粗糙度预测模型，引入Tent混沌映射和种群多样性变异，进行麻雀搜索算法的改进，再通过CSSA对预测模型进行优化。结果表明：优化后的粗糙度预测误差降低了85.9%，相比优化前提升明显，可准确预测所输入工艺参数对应的粗糙度值。     

砂带外圆纵磨表面粗糙度的试验研究

砂带磨削中,表面粗糙度是被磨工件表面质量的一个重要的技术指标。为了获得较低的表面粗糙度,特别是在要求获得尽可能高的磨抛效率时,必须选择适当的磨削条件和相应的配套技术。本文在大量试验的基础上,系统分析了各种磨削条件对表面粗糙度影响的规律,并对优化条件进行了探讨,通过生产验证,证明效果良好。     

非晶态合金薄膜铜衬底超精密抛光的实验研究

本文采用聚氨酯抛光盘和绒布抛光垫对铜衬底进行超精密抛光工艺研究,对铜衬底的表面粗糙度、材料去除率以及铜衬底表面组织结构变化过程进行了研究,并讨论了铜衬底在超精密抛光时,不同抛光条件对其表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响,以及抛光压力对铜衬底的表面形成过程的影响。结果表明,采用聚氨酯抛光盘和绒布抛光垫可以消除划痕,抛光后的铜衬底表面粗糙度可达Ra6 nm。     

弹性磨具磨抛SKD-11钢工艺参数优化研究

在超精磨抛加工中,主要通过材料的微量去除来达到表面光洁的目的。为提高弹性磨抛SKD-11的表面加工效率和磨抛效果,获得弹性磨具磨抛SKD-11钢工件曲面最佳工艺参数组合,首先采用尺寸为?18×55mm的钢试样进行柔性磨抛单因素优选法与正交实验深入分析磨具直径、磨抛深度等磨抛过程参量对表面质量的影响,并利用Fluent模拟切削区流场,通过使用高速射流进一步提高表面质量。实验结果表明:当球头磨具直径为D=50mm,磨抛深度t=0.3mm,进给速度V=10mm/min,射流速度v=19m/s时,试样表面粗糙度Ra为0.056μm,有效的提高了SKD-11钢材表面质量,为SKD-11钢零件的光整加工提供了重要的理论依据。     

固体润滑剂WS2对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜摩擦学性能的影响

目的 改善微弧氧化陶瓷膜层的摩擦学性能。方法 采用微弧氧化技术和抛磨技术相结合的方法在ZL109合金表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷和固体润滑剂复合膜层。利用粗糙度仪检测试样表面粗糙度,并在球盘往复式摩擦磨损试验机下检测复合膜层的摩擦学性能。使用扫描电镜（SEM）分析试验前后试样表面微观形貌及对磨钢球磨斑形貌,并利用能谱分析仪（EDS）对试样膜层化学成分进行分析。结果 在抛磨纳米WS2粉体过程中,WS2可有效填充陶瓷膜疏松层上的放电微孔以及经抛光的陶瓷膜层表面残留的微孔缺陷,并极大地降低试样表面粗糙度,进而影响实验前期的摩擦系数及抗粘着时间。试样MAO-W比试样MAO粗糙度降低约34.2%,摩擦系数降低79.2%,抗粘着时间增加900%。试样P-MAO-W比试样P-MAO粗糙度降低约41.3%,摩擦系数降低93.6%,抗粘着时间增加233%。另外,制备的试样可以有效减轻对磨钢球的磨损,并且试样的磨痕宽度及对磨钢球的磨斑直径变化规律与摩擦过程中的摩擦系数变化及粗糙度变化趋势相吻合。结论 在铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层表面抛磨纳米WS2自润滑粉体可有效降低摩擦,延长抗粘着时间并减轻对磨件的磨损。     

Ground surface integrity of granite by using dry electro-contact discharge dressing of #600 diamond grinding wheel

Dry electro-contact discharge (ECD) dressing of metal-bonded #600 diamond grinding wheel is proposed for grinding of various granites. As compared to mechanical GC dressing, Dry ECD dressing can not only protrude fine diamond grains from wheel metal-bond without any damage, but also eliminate bond-tail behind the protruded grain. The objective is to understand how the synthetic factors including granite structure, grinding parameters and dressing method influence the ground surface integrity of multi-crystal granite such as surface roughness and surface crack appearance in contrast to homogeneous optic glass. First a micron-scale indentation experiment was carried out to display the growth mechanism of micro-cracks on polished surface, then Dry ECD dressing and mechanical GC dressing were carried out in grinding experiment, respectively, finally surface roughness and micro-surface crack were investigated in connection with granite crystal size, work speed and dressing method. It is found that in almost all cases the multi-crystal granite has always worse ground surface than homogeneous optic glass even if grinding parameter is changed. Moreover, the improvement of ground surface for granite is more sensitive to grain protrusion feature than that for optic glass. Although it is very difficult to find out obvious relationship between surface roughness and grinding parameter such as work speed, it has a good correlation with granite structure such as granite crystal size: it decreases with the increase of the granite crystal size. It is concluded that Dry ECD dressing may more greatly improve the ground surface integrity of various granites than mechanical GC dressing.     

基于表面形貌的裂纹萌生阶段滑移带表征

目的研究WaspaloyTM镍基高温合金在裂纹萌生阶段的表面形貌特征,找出最优表面形貌参数用以表征此阶段的滑移带特征。方法对WaspaloyTM镍基高温合金试样先机械抛光,然后采用标准金相技术分别进行电解抛光和化学蚀刻,得到两种不同的表面状态。对试样进行低周疲劳试验获得疲劳寿命,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和三维表面轮廓仪,观测分析WaspaloyTM镍基高温合金在电解抛光和化学蚀刻处理后的表面形貌以及裂纹萌生阶段的表面形貌和滑移带特征。对测得的表面形貌参数进行方差分析和自助抽样统计计算,找出最优参数。结果试样在经过电解抛光和化学蚀刻后,三维表面形貌S_a(表面算数平均偏差)分别是0.72 nm和13.3 nm,试样疲劳寿命分别为800和700。两种制备状态下的样品,算术平均高度增量(ΔS_a=S_a(N)-S_a(N0))的差异非常小,且ΔS_a随疲劳加载周期(N)的增加而增加,当N100后,ΔS_a随N增加的速率减小。结论电解抛光后的表面质量更好,且表面质量越好,疲劳寿命越高。ΔS_a与表面制备方法无关,ΔS_a越大,表面越粗糙。经方差分析和自助抽样法计算分析,表面最大峰值(Sp)是最优表面形貌参数,该参数可用于区分滑移带内的损伤晶粒和未损伤晶粒。     

高性能新型花岗石抛光磨具的研制

研制了一种新型花岗石抛光磨具。该磨具采用混合复配的磨料、酚醛树脂作结合剂,应用压制成型新工艺研制而成。探讨了影响该磨具抛光花岗石光泽度的各种因素,得到了较佳的工艺参数。磨削实验表明该抛光磨具抛光石材的光泽度高、加工效率高、使用寿命长。     

Analysis of 3D microtopography in machined KDP crystal surfaces based on fractal and wavelet methods

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal surfaces machined by precise milling and single point diamond turning (SPDT) methods are analyzed in this paper. The frequency information of 3D-machined KDP crystal surfaces are decomposed and analyzed by wavelet transform method, and 3D fractal properties of different KDP crystal surfaces are calculated and analyzed by fractal method. Through the integration of fractal and wavelet analysis, it can be found that the high-frequency information of machined surfaces is incorrelate with the machining process and it can reflect the anisotropic features of material structure. The anisotropy of the machined KDP surfaces is determined by the machining process. From analysis, the strong anisotropic surfaces are easier to form microscale waveness so as to impact the optical performance of KDP crystal components severely. The result of analysis reveals that the different machining method may produce unique feature in the machined surfaces and choosing reasonable machining method may improve the microtopographic structure of machined KDP crystal surface.     

Problems in High Current Density Nickel and Chromium Deposition

Five optical methods are discussed here by which the surface finish of polished or electrodeposited metal surfaces may be studied. Four are dealt with briefly because they have been adequately described in the literature. The fifth is believed to be new in its application to metal finishing. Preliminary results obtained for polished brass surfaces and for various electrodeposited metal coatings are discussed.

The presence of an oxide film has a marked influence on the optical behaviour of a metal surface. The properties of such a film may be learnt from the methods here outlined. Of particular practical interest is the anodic oxide film, familiar long since as a surface finish for aluminium and of current interest as a possible protection for other metals. The methods described are of general application. Illustrations are provided of the results obtained on anodised tantalum surfaces.     

图像分维对腐蚀坑分布特征的表征

采用图像分维探讨了腐蚀图像特征与表面腐蚀坑分布特征的关系.统计碳钢土壤腐蚀试片表面测量数据表明,蚀坑直径和深度分布在一定尺度范围内遵循幂函数方程,即蚀坑直径或深度与相应出现概率(个数)在双对数坐标存在线性区,其线性区斜率代表坑直径或深度的分布分维,反映腐蚀表面的粗糙程度.同时,根据盒计数法原理提出计算图像二维和三维分维的方法.大量实验数据证实,腐蚀图像二维和三维分维分别与坑直径和坑深度分布分维线性相关,并在数值上近似相等.这为根据腐蚀图像特征确定腐蚀表面坑分布规律提供了简便快捷的方法.     

锯,磨过程中花岗石去除机理及其对锯切过程影响

本文观察了几种典型花岗石已锯切表面形貌特征，探讨了花岗石中不同造岩矿物的断裂机理及其对锯切过程的影响。研究结果表明：不同矿物的变形特征是决定金刚石失效过程的关键；不同的锯切条件会造成不同的单颗磨粒最大岩屑厚度，进而对花岗石解理的进行和裂纹的扩展产生影响。     

表面处理对热障涂层寿命及失效机理的影响研究

采用真空电弧离子镀和电子束物理气相沉积技术在高温合金DZ125上沉积NiCrAlYSi金属粘结层和YSZ陶瓷面层。研究了抛光、振动光饰、砂纸打磨及吹砂四种不同的表面处理方法对金属粘结层表面微观结构和界面状态的影响。实验结果表明,四种表面处理方法都改善了金属粘结层表面结构,降低了表面粗糙度。进一步探讨了表面处理对涂层结合强度的作用,结果表明经过表面处理后的样品结合强度都得到了提高。并分析了不同表面处理方法对涂层寿命的影响,最终明确了热障涂层失效机理。     

The influence of blasting and sterilization on static and time-related wettability and surface-energy properties of titanium surfaces

Different studies have been focused on the interaction between the synthetic material/biological entities. Nevertheless it is not still understood how the different surfaces properties influence the biological response of the implants due to the lack of a thorough characterization. The aim of this work is to thoroughly characterize topographically and energetically the sterilized and polished or blasted titanium surfaces in order to elucidate, in further studies, their influence in surface/protein interactions. The ultimate goal is to define surface characteristics that optimize the biologic responses of implants. Focusing on the first events that occur when introducing an implant material, commercially pure Ti grit-blasted samples with different roughness and different sterilization procedures have been characterized in terms of the dynamic of surface wetting with water and different biological medium. Moreover, a complete and reliable characterization of roughness, wettability, chemical surface composition and surface energy of those materials has been done. The nature of the abrasive particles and the sterilization procedures are the main factors affecting the surface energy and the wettability of polished and blasted titanium surfaces. Steam autoclaving and ethylene oxide increase surface hydrophobicity, consequently the base-Lewis component of the surface energy is altered. Time-related contact angle results indicate that proteins adsorb on titanium surfaces and make them significantly more hydrophilic. Those results provide new insights into the complex relationships between the different parameters of titanium surfaces that govern their surface energy and their wettability behaviour.     

多孔结构分形分析及其在材料性能预报中的应用

采用分形理论表征孔隙的结构特征,通过对烧结不锈钢纤维多孔材料的扫描电镜(SEM)照片进行图像处理和分形分析,详细研究图像分辨率、获取图像时的放大倍数、灰度图转化为二值图时阈值的大小等因素对孔结构分形分析结果的影响,并研究它们与分形维数的定性关系.结果表明,采用的烧结纤维多孔材料具有明显的分形特征,图像分辨率、放大倍数、阈值等因素对分形维数计算结果影响显著:与SEM图像的原始分辨率相比,分辨率变化越大则分形维数越大;分形维数随着放大倍数的增大而减小;灰度图转化为二值图时的阈值存在最佳值,且随着阈值的增大,分形维数先增大后减小.通过理论推导,建立了多孔材料孔隙度和渗透性能与孔结构分形维数之间的数学关系.可通过孔结构分形维数、面孔隙度、孔径等参数合理预测多孔材料的体孔隙度、渗透性能,预测结果与实测结果吻合良好.