混合信号系统级芯片仿真

1 SoC设计方法的变革SoC芯片已经由数字SoC全面转向混合信号SoC，混合信号SoC中整合了复杂的数字处理器、存储器、数字逻辑、IP、高性能的模拟和混合信号功能、通讯协议、加解密算法、驱动程序、实时操作系统以及应用程序等。因而混合信号SoC成为真正意义上的系统级芯片。混合信号SoC设计中芯片的仿真和验证将成为芯片设计的关键。基于平台的设计（PBD）理念成为SoC致胜的法宝，基于平台的设计方法在进一步光大TDD和BBD确保设计质量、提升设计生产力的同时更加关注广泛的设计复用以及设计层次化。系统级设计，抽象的设计描述，混…     

在面向对象的SOC设计中应用设计模式

SoC的几乎无限的晶体管集成度正在引发电子系统设计的一场革命，即完成一种转变——从以功能设计为基础的传统流程转变到以功能组装为基础的全新流程。面向对象的技术被引入并应用到SoC设计中来，从系统的建模、设计空间探索到软硬件协同验证，贯穿于整个SoC设计过程中。设计模式是面向对象技术中一个很重要的概念和方法，将设计模式应用到SoC设计中来是一个很有前景的研究课题。本丈总结了前人在这个问题上做出的探索和研究，分析了软件设计模式在SoC设计中的适用性和重要性，比较了软件设计模式与其在SoC设计中应用的不同，总结了硬件设计中的几种模式，具有一定的通用性。     

一种基于电流源模型的SoC电源分祈与验证方法

随着半导体技术的进步，SoC设计日益复杂和向低功耗方向发展，电源网络的设计日益关键。因此可靠的电源分析和验证结果已经成为向Foundry交付设计数据的先决条件之一。本文分析了SoC电源设计中存在的潜在问题，给出了业界适用的设计、验证方法，并以工程设计为例，给出层次性SoC设计中电源设计、验证的相关流程。     

一种基于电流源模型的SoC电源分析与验证方法

随着半导体技术的进步，SoC设计日益复杂和向低功耗方向发展，电源网络的设计日益关键。因此可靠的电源分析和验证结果已经成为向Foundry交付设计数据的先决条件之一。本文分析了SoC电源设计中存在的潜在问题，给出了业界适用的设计、验证方法，并以工程设计为例，给出层次性SoC设计中电源设计、验证的相关流程。     

基于特定SoC的软核IP快速硬核化及模型提取方法

本文根据SoC设计中对部分软核IP在布局布线上的特殊时序要求，提出一套有别于非独立的、基于特定SoC系统设计的软核IP快速硬核化和模型提取方法，有效地提高了SoC设计的效率和质量。     

SoC设计的过程模型的研究

为了有效缓解SoC设计中设计周期和设计规模之间的矛盾，需要引入一种科学的思维方法。使用完整的工程学原则指导SoC的设计是问题解决的根本途径。文章充分借鉴成熟的软件工程研究思想，在对基于IP重用设计方法学研究基础上，对基于重用的SoC设计过程进行了建模，提出了一个新的工程过程模型——CPD模型。该模型的提出为SoC设计领域内各种无序的活动有序化做了尝试和努力。     

SoC时代的IP

SoC时代已经来临，对于所有的SoC设计师来说都面临着巨大的挑战。SoC是基于IP的设计，同时还要包括Firmware、Software、Driver等等软件的成分，同时SoC设计本身又是一个复杂的系统，因此对系统级的设计和验证又提出了与ASIC设计不同的要求，同时又要考虑设计成本的因素。从产业链的角度来看，要解决这些挑战，应该从最基本的问题IP着手。本文主要阐述了目前SoC设计以及IP流通中存在的困难，以及对于如何解决这些困难的一些观点。     

片上系统的模型检验

片上系统(SoC)的验证是一个比较复杂的问题，仅靠模拟仿真无法保证SoC设计的正确。形式化方法是利用数学推理的方法来证明其正确．是对SoC设计进行验证的一条重要途径。模型检验技术是一种完全自动化的形式化方法，针对模型检验技术，讨论了在SoC验证中的应用，指出在SoC设计中，只有把模拟仿真与形式化、半形式化的方法结合起来，才能更好的对SoC进行验证。     

C^＊SOC——自动化的SoC仿真验证平台

SoC(片上系统)是IC设计的发展趋势，仿真与验证是芯片设计中最复杂、最耗时的环节之一，实现仿真与验证自动化是芯片设计研究的重要方向。本文首先分析了在SoC设计中存在的一些困难，提出芯片设计需要SoC设计平台的支持，在分析目前设计平台的基础上，推出一个功能强大、自动化程度高的仿真验证平台——C*SOC。最后总结全文并展望SoC设计验证平台的发展方向。     

SoC设计语言：SystemC

应用的需求和集成电路工艺的发展促进了复杂的片上系统(SoC)的实现，同时也要求新的设计方法以支持复杂SoC的设计。高效率的软硬件联合设计需要对整个SoC进行更高层次(例如Transaction Level)的抽象以提供更快的仿真速度及更高效率的SoC设计验证方法。本文介绍了一种重要的SoC设计语言：SystemC，以及基于SystemC的Transaction Level模型和使用Transaction Level模型进行SoC的软硬件联合设计的方法。     

Bits, symbols, bauds, and bandwidth

The use of clear, concise, and unambiguous language in telecommunications engineering is vital to communicate a desired meaning and understanding. Terminology should be based on rigorous engineering principles and traceable to well known and dependable sources. This article deals with four everyday terms commonly encountered in the popular semi-technical press as well as in serious engineering periodicals. The misuse of these and other terms can lead to low-balled cost proposals, court litigation, and patent infringement cases. Imagine how an engineering student can be confused when she/he typically encounters bandwidth measured in bits per second     

Electrorefraction and electroabsorption in InP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb

Effective-mass theory is used to calculate electric-field-induced changes in optical refraction and absorption (the Franz-Keldysh effect) in five direct-gap III-V semiconductors: InP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb, covering the 0.88 to 10 μm wavelength range. The magnitude of the effect is determined by fitting experimental absorption data. Results are given for photon energies from the band gap to 100 meV below the gap for applied electric fields from3 times 10^{3}to3 times 10^{5}V/cm. Values ofDelta nandDelta kas large as 10^-3to 10^-2are found. The results are applicable to integrated-optic devices including switches and modulators.     

Polarization, piezoelectric constants, and elastic constants of ZnO, MgO, and CdO

We report first-principles density functional calculations of the polarizations, piezoelectric stress constants, and elastic constants for the II-VI oxides MgO, ZnO, and CdO in the wurtzite structure. Using our pseudopotential self-interaction corrected implementation of density functional theory, we obtain polarization values of −0.060, −0.022, and −0.10 C/m², and piezoelectric constants, e₃₃ (e₃₁) of 1.64 (−0.58), 1.34 (−0.57), and 1.67 (−0.48) C/m² for structurally relaxed MgO (with its in-plane lattice parameter fixed to that calculated for ZnO), ZnO, and CdO, respectively. The large polarization gradients between the end-point compounds in the MgO-ZnO-CdO system augur well for the production of large internal fields in ZnO-based polarization field effect transistors.     

Output, Error, Equivocation, and Recalled Information in Auditory, Visual, and Audiovisual Information Processing with Constraint and Noise

Past controversies over the relative effectiveness of auditory, visual, and audiovisual channels are seen as the results of nondifferentiation of error and equivocation. Seventh grade students were used as Ss in an experiment consisting of noise and no noise conditions with constrained and nonconstrained communication in A, V, and AV treatments. Data were examined in terms of output, error, equivocation, and recalled (shared) information based upon information theory. The superiority of the AV treatment was substantiated in all respects of information processing, making less error and equivocation, but recalling more information correctly as compared with the A or V channel. Comparisons between A and V unequivocally established the fact that V made less error but more equivocation, whereas A processed more output information and also made more error; however, there was no significant difference between them in recalled information. The dependence of A upon constraint was found to be far greater than that of AV whose dependence in turn was greater than that of V. Noise was found to affect A most, V the next most, and AV the least. With between-channel redundancy AV seemed to be capable of reducing the effect of noise.     

Dilemmas,uncertainty, risks,and board performance

This paper traces the origins of the words risk, uncertainty, governance and development and argues that a deeper understanding of each allows more effective decision taking in the boardroom. It argues that the role of the board of directors is to balance and rebalance continuously their irresolvable dilemma — ‘how do we drive our enterprise forward while keeping it under prudent control?’ It argues that it is the board’s role to focus on uncertainty, rather than risk, and this requires a different set of intellectual skills from board members to be able to cope with monitoring a range of diverse scenarios. This is crucial for a board to develop stronger ways of both leading their organisation and of ensuring the connectedness of the learning within and between the board and the operational unit’s risk taking. It advocates that to achieve this a board must develop new ways of learning — especially of thinking strategically and becoming more sensitised to the dynamics of their changing external environments. This will take them well beyond the comforts of their specialist managerial disciplines and into the true world of directing. The paper demonstrates the importance of continuous learning in reducing organisational uncertainty and risk. It uses the ‘Learning Board’ process and model as the central processor of both strategic and operational learning to create an annual rhythm for the board’s year.     

Relationship, quality, and productivity

The author attempts to answer the following questions: How are the three factors-relationship, quality, and productivity-important to us personally and professionally? Are these three factors intertwined? Does the embodiment of one lead to the implementation of the others? And how can this message of relationship, quality, and productivity be communicated to companies, both management and staff?.     

Uncertainty, Value, Communication, and Problematic Integration

This essay discusses problematic integration (PI) theory, a general perspective on the nature of the dynamic relationship between communication and tensions among expectations and desires and considers the relevance and potential value of PI theory to questions foundational to the field of communication research. The paper begins with a discussion of the main propositions of PI theory, then considers the relationship between the theory and emerging analyses of uncertainty, attending in particular to the meanings of uncertainty and the tensions among uncertainties, wants, and wishes.     

Evolution, neural networks, games, and intelligence

Mathematical games provide a framework for studying intelligent behavior in models of real-world settings or restricted domains. The obstacle comes in choosing the appropriate representation and learning algorithm. Neural networks and evolutionary algorithms provide useful means for addressing these issues. This paper describes efforts to hybridize neural and evolutionary computation to learn appropriate strategies in zero- and nonzero-sum games, including the iterated prisoner's dilemma, tic-tac-toe, and checkers. With respect to checkers, the evolutionary algorithm was able to discover a neural network that can be used to play at a near-expert level without injecting expert knowledge about how to play the game. The implications of evolutionary learning with respect to machine intelligence are also discussed. It is argued that evolution provides the framework for explaining naturally occurring intelligent entities and can be used to design machines that are also capable of intelligent behavior