应用PIV系统研究横流中水平方柱绕流旋涡特征

利用PIV系统对二维水平方柱绕流的旋涡特性进行了试验研究,得到了来流雷诺数为796-9 556、不同间隙比(G=3.0,1.0,0.2)时方柱绕流瞬时流场分布.根据这些数据,分析了方柱绕流流场中旋涡发展和演化规律,比较了瞬时流场和时均流场中旋涡结构特征,给出了不同工况下分离区长度L及斯特罗哈数St与雷诺数的关系.     

串列双圆柱绕流的模态特征及流场重构

为探讨不同间距下,串列双圆柱绕流场特征的内在变化规律,在低雷诺数Re=100下,针对间距比为P/D=1.1~5的串列双圆柱,通过动力学模态分解（dynamic mode decomposition,DMD）方法对其绕流场进行模态分解,并基于DMD的主导模态建立降阶模型,重构了串列双圆柱的涡量场。结果表明:串列双圆柱的3种流态,即单一钝体（P/D=1.1~2）、剪切层再附（P/D=3）和双涡脱流态（P/D=4~5）,呈现明显不同的子模态特征;随着间距比的增大,与圆柱涡脱频率对应的模态结构会逐渐由下游圆柱尾流转移至上游圆柱尾流,此主模态表征了3种流态随间距比演变的内在机制;与单一钝体及剪切层再附流态相比,双涡脱流态的下游圆柱近尾流区的高阶模态结构更为复杂,流场重构时需要更多模态才能达到与其他两种流态相似的精度,在尾流旋涡影响区的重构误差最大。     

Numerical simulation of flow interference between four cylinders in in-line square arrangement

In the present paper,two-and three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow interference between four cylinders in an in-line square arrangement at Re = 200 are performed.Assisted with the two-dimensional(2-D) numerical simulation,the mean and fluctuating forces,Strouhal number(St) and vortex shedding pattern in the wake for each cylinder were analyzed with the spacing ratio(L /D) ranging from 1.5 to 6.0.It was found that,four different vortex modes(viz.,flip-flopping,shielding anti-phase-synchronized,in-phasesynchronized and anti-phase-synchronized) gradually appear with the increase of the L/D ratio.The average drag coefficient of the upstream cylinders is larger than that of the downstream cylinders,while the downstream cylinders usually undergo serious fluctuating forces.When the L/D ratio ranges from 3.0 to 4.0,the dominant frequency of the drag coefficient is equal to the value of St of upstream cylinders.This indicates that a simultaneous resonance in the in-flow and cross-flow directions may occur for some single structures of a multi-body oscillating system.For the 3-D numerical simulation,the L/D and aspect ratios are kept constant as 5.0 and 10,respectively.It was found that some vortices are formed in the wake of the upstream cylinders.Besides,with the same spacing ratio,the calculated drag coefficient and lift coefficient fluctuation are slightly larger than the 2-D results,but with a phase difference.     

矩形平板涡街分布特性分析

基于有限体积法数值求解Navier-Stokes方程,分析了二维矩形平板的旋涡分布规律及斯特罗哈数特性与平板长宽比和雷诺数的关系,并探讨了平板升力系数变化规律。研究表明,层流状态下平板斯特罗哈数及平板附着涡分布与雷诺数和平板长宽比密切相关。当雷诺数为200时,斯特罗哈数随着平板长宽比的增加呈线性规律变化,平板两侧仅有两个附着涡;但当雷诺数为300时,平板附着涡数量取决于长宽比,而斯特罗哈数则呈跳跃性规律变化;结合Realiza-ble k-ε模型进行的湍流条件下的数值计算则表明高雷诺数下的平板两侧没有明显的附着涡产生,而斯特罗哈数则以长宽比8为分界点表现出不同的变化趋势。     

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of spiral coiled tube: Effects of Reynolds number and curvature ratio

Numerical analysis was performed to investigate flow and heat transfer characteristics in spiral coiled tube heat exchanger. Radius of curvature of the spiral coiled tube was gradually increased as total rotating angle reached 12π. As the varying radius of curvature became a dominant flow parameter, three-dimensional flow analysis was performed to this flow together with different Reynolds numbers while constant wall heat flux condition was set in thermal field. From the analysis, centrifugal force due to curvature effect is found to have significant role in behavior of pressure drop and heat transfer. The centrifugal force enhances pressure drop and heat transfer to have generally higher values in the spiral coiled tube than those in the straight tube. Even then, friction factor and Nusselt number are found to follow the proportionality with square root of the Dean number. Individual effect of flow parameters of Reynolds number and curvature ratio was investigated and effect of Reynolds number is found to be stronger than that of curvature effect.     

平板间方柱绕流的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

为研究平板间方柱绕流上下平板对置于其中的方柱绕流所产生的影响,采用格子Boltzmann方法对二维平板间低雷诺数(Re=100)方柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟研究.分析了3种不同阻塞比下,平板边壁对方柱的升、阻力系数、Strouhal数和尾涡流场的影响.结果表明:平板对方柱绕流特性有明显的影响,随着阻塞比的增加,阻力系数和Strouhal数均增大,与无边壁相比阻力系数可增加达30%,而升力系数却随之减小.计算结果与相关实验数据相吻合,验证了格子Boltzmann方法对钝体绕流非定常问题模拟的有效性。     

二维格子Boltzmann方法圆柱绕流湍流模拟

采用多松弛格子Boltzmann方法的大涡模拟技术对二维圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟.运用二阶插值反弹格式处理圆柱边界,同时结合Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity模型(WALE)对壁面附近湍流粘性进行修正,测算了其升、阻力系数和涡脱落频率.结果显示:在雷诺数小于300时,升、阻力系数以及涡脱落频率均跟实验值吻合较好;对于较高Re数问题,其三维效应不能忽略,模拟结果跟实验值有所偏差,但通过引入WALE模型进行壁面修正,该方法较其他二维方法在估算阻力系数上精度有明显提高.     

厚壁面湍流边界层对圆柱脱涡影响的实验研究

在风洞中,用热线风速仪和压力传感器进行嵌入湍流边界层内的圆柱脱涡实验研究.测量了尾涡脱落频率和平板表面压强脉动,目的是分析当圆柱嵌入空气湍流边界层的情况下,间隙比值对尾涡脱落频率及壁脉动压强的影响.实验结果得到了尾涡无量纲频率S t随间隙比及雷诺数的变化情况,壁脉动压强周期性成分的变化规律,还得到了在一定雷诺数下,圆柱对边界层速度的影响范围,为今后的工作和研究提供了实验依据.     

LBE simulation of impinging stream inside a T-junction mixer

Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) method is utilized to simulate impinging stream (IS) in a T-junction mixer using a TD2G9 model. It aims to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re), aspect ratio of outlet diameter to inlet diameter, ratio of opposite inlet velocities, and the thermal boundary conditions on flow, mixing and heat transfer characteristics. In particular, the vortex evolution, velocity distribution, mixing index and Nusselt number (Nu) distribution in the T-junction mixer are explored in details. Four types of vortices and flow regimes are observed. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow and thermal fields, including vortex structure, transition of flow regimes, streamline and the Nusselt number distribution are discussed. Distinct quantitative transitions, even for dramatic change, are observed near the critical Re. At a low or moderate aspect ratio, the symmetric coherent structure is observed in an unstable flow regime. At a larger aspect ratio, the flow in the T-mixer becomes turbulent and asymmetric. The unequal injections velocities of the nozzles impose significant influence on the flow structure, mixing and heat transfer in vertical tube. Using larger difference between the two inlet velocities can result in more obvious change in flow characteristics. Moreover, mixing index is found to be valid in evaluating the mixing degree under a sinusoidal inlet velocity.     

窄通道内层流-紊流转捩区流动与传热特性分析

为了研究壁面加热对窄通道内层流-紊流转捩点的影响,通过测量转捩区的阻力与传热特性,间接分析了转捩起始点的影响因素,并结合流迹显示实验对流动传热实验结论进行了验证.研究表明:壁面加热导致层流-紊流转捩延迟,粘性变化对转捩过程的影响非常小,加热导致径向速度剖面发生变化是影响转捩的主要因素;此外,转捩区的壁面温度沿轴向不是线性变化,层流突变导致局部努赛尔数的轴向变化存在一个拐点;层流突变点处的局部努赛尔数及局部雷诺数主要受入口雷诺数的影响.     

下游圆柱涡致振动的升阻力特性及涡脱落模态分析

采用分块耦合方法结合任意拉格朗日欧拉法数值求解非定常二维不可压缩NS方程和Poisson
方程，分析了下游圆柱涡致振动的涡脱落模态以及升阻力特性。圆柱振荡频率比值为0.30～1.49。分析了
各种模态之间相互转化的跃迁点、升力与振幅间相位和模态间转化的关系，以及初始涡量形成的差异与模
态间转化的关系，研究了当涡脱落向下游移动时的演化和重组现象。研究发现，涡的横向和流向间距以及
涡街的大小随频率比的变化而变化；存在3种典型的涡脱落模态，即2P、2S 和 P+S模态，各种模态之间相
互竞争从而促进了流体与结构间相互作用的发展。     

八边形翼攻角对翅片管空气侧流动与换热特性的影响

在传统翅片管上加装八边形翼涡发生器以强化传热。利用FLUENT软件对八边形翼翅片管模型进行了数值模拟,研究了不同雷诺数(Re)下八边形翼攻角(10°,20°,30°,40°)对翅片管空气侧流动与换热特性的影响。结果表明,八边形翼攻角对管后尾迹区换热影响显著;与平直翅片管相比,加装八边形翼的翅片管空气侧在不同攻角、Re下的平均努塞尔数(Nu)提高了13.1%~43.1%,相应的阻力系数(f)增加了6.9%~61.1%;通过对综合传热性能评价因子(PEC)的分析发现,在Re为862~3 735时,八边形翼攻角为20°的翅片管综合传热性能最佳。     

高雷诺数下并列双圆柱绕流的大涡模拟

为澄清并列双圆柱结构发生偏向流现象的流场机理,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,在高雷诺数下(Re=1.4×10~5)研究了并列双圆柱的气动性能及其流场特性随圆柱间距比P/D(P为圆心间距,D为圆柱直径)的变化规律,重点探讨了小间距并列双圆柱的偏向流现象及其对圆柱气动性能的作用机理.研究结果表明:大涡模拟方法得到的气动力结果与文献风洞试验值吻合良好;随着并列双圆柱间距的增大,绕流场会呈现单一钝体、偏向流和平行涡街等多种流态结构;当P/D=1.1时,绕流场会间歇性地出现单一钝体和偏向流流态,两种流态的气动性能和流场特性有很大差异,圆柱的气动力会随时间发生剧烈变化,呈现非稳态特征;当P/D=1.2～1.5时,绕流场呈现偏向流流态,两个圆柱的气动力和尾流呈现不对称现象,偏向流的偏转方向会出现间歇性地变化,尾流涡脱强度弱,气动力脉动小;当P/D=2～4时,绕流场总体呈现平行涡街流态,尾流涡脱强度强,气动力脉动大,气动干扰减弱.     

Analysis of the heat transfer in unsymmetrically heated triangular microchannels in slip flow regime

Theresearchontheflowandheattransferinvariousmicrochannelsisafrontierintheheattransferfield.Theadvantagesofcompactstructureandhighspecificheattransferperformancemakeitpossibletousethemicroheatexchangerswithvariousmicrochannelstograduallysolvethecoolingproblemofhighheatfluxinthefieldsofmicroelectronicsengineering,lowtemperaturesuperconductorstechnology,spaceengineering,Micro-Electro-MechanicalSystem(MEMS)andsoon.Generally,thecharacteristiclengthofthedevelopingmicroscalethermalandfluidicsystem…     

Large-eddy simulation and experimental study on the turbulent wake flow characteristics of a two-bladed wind turbine

Large-eddy simulation(LES) with fully resolved rotor method(FRM) is applied to explore the turbulent wake flow characteristics and vortex evolution laws of a two-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbine. Relevant wind tunnel experiments have been done based on time resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) technique. The simulation results are validated by the experimental data and they are in good agreement. The axial average velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, shear Reynolds stress, and vortex structure of the wind turbine wake are analyzed based on the comparison of LES results and experimental data. It is observed that the wake diameter of wind turbine enlarges with the increase of tip speed ratio(TSR). Turbulent kinetic energy meets its minimum value when x/R=2.0. Shear Reynolds stress appears a positive peak in the near wake when x/R2.0, and the value of shear Reynolds stress decreases along the axial direction. The blade tip vortex dissipates more quickly than the central vortex in the wind turbine wake, and the gradient of the relationship curve between the blade tip vortex core position and the vortex age decreases as the TSR increases. With the increase of TSR, the thrust coefficient increases, and the power coefficient increases first and then decreases.The present work proves that LES with FRM could calculate wind turbine turbulent wake flow with a high accuracy.     

绕流线型回转体通气两相流动的非定常特性

为深入了解通气两相流的流场结构及水动力特性,在循环水洞中利用高速全流场显示技术及六分力天平测量技术,对绕流线型回转体通气两相流动的非定常特性进行实验研究.结果表明:弹身区域流场呈均匀分布的水气两相混合状态,流动稳定,非定常特性不明显;尾部区域流场较为紊乱,非定常特性明显,尾部空泡涡的周期性脱落引起模型阻力系数出现周期性脉动现象.绕流线型回转体通气两相流动的非定常特性与雷诺数及通气率有关.通气率的增加可降低由于尾部空泡涡的脱落而引起的阻力系数的波动幅度,而对尾部涡的脱落频率无明显影响;随着雷诺数的增加,由于尾部空泡涡的脱落而引起的阻力系数的波动幅度减小,尾部涡的脱落频率增加.     

涡轮叶片斜肋通道冷态流场特性的实验研究

为了探究涡轮叶片内部肋通道的流场特性与换热机理,设计不同角度的带肋通道实验模型. 采用流动显示实验与粒子图像测速实验,对通道的典型截面流场进行统计平均特性分析与非定常分析. 结果表明,当扰流肋与流向的夹角为60°~90°时,减小夹角能够降低扰流肋对流体的阻挡作用,增大扰流肋后方旋涡的纵向范围与强度. 减小夹角使第1个肋区间的回流强度先增大后减小,第2个肋区间流体的纵向冲击强度增大. 斜肋结构能够提高主流流体与肋间流体的雷诺应力峰值,增强肋间扰动强度,提升通道的换热特性. 减小夹角可以提升流场的速度振荡幅值与振荡频率,提高通道的换热效率. 减小夹角可以增大流体沿肋向流动的能量与能量波动频率,使得旋涡在向后脱落的过程中更易于与靶面进行能量交换.     

串列双圆球的流场转捩研究

本文对虚拟边界法加以改善并推广到三维多连通区域的数值模拟上去,研究了不同雷诺数下串列双圆球的流场转捩现象.结果显示小间距比串列双圆球绕流场的第一分叉点位于雷诺数150～175,第二分叉点位于雷诺数225～250.大间距比绕流场的第一分叉点位于雷诺数170～200.转捩点的位置与单圆球绕流相比有不同程度的提前.给出了切面内流态沿流向的发展变化,捕捉到极限环现象,发现下游尾流场的涡结构分别脱落自下游圆球的上表面和下表面,两个来源处的涡脱频率为倍频的关系,随着雷诺数的增加存在频率竞争和占优频率交替的现象.     

恒热流工况下螺旋管内层流换热性能数值模拟

在恒热流工况下,数值模拟雷诺数为200～1000,无量纲螺距为0．1～0．2,曲率为0．1～0．3的螺旋管内不同截面上的温度场分布和速度场分布以及雷诺数、曲率和无量纲螺距对轴向不同截面上平均努谢尔特数、平均摩擦系数以及总熵产的影响规律。结果表明,随着转角增大,二次流作用加强,且垂直于轴向截面的最大速度向管的外侧移动,而温度分布出现两个Dean涡胞;轴向截面平均努谢尔特数和摩擦系数以及总熵产随雷诺数、曲率和螺距的变化呈现不同的规律;与曲率相比,螺距对热力性能的影响程度相对较小;且流动引起的熵产和传热引起的熵产相比可忽略不计。     

横掠膜片管束周期性充分发展换热的数值模拟

用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法对横掠膜片管束周期性充分发展层流流动换热进行了数值模拟，得到了不同Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ数下的摩擦阻力系数和Ｎｕｓｅｌｔ数