Integrated adaptive dynamic surface car-following control for nonholonomic autonomous electric vehicles

In this paper,the car-following control problem of nonholonomic autonomous electric vehicles in the curved highway is studied.Owing to the fact that the nonholonomic autonomous electric vehicles have the features of strong coupling,parametric uncertainties,nonlinearities and external disturbances,a novel integrated adaptive car-following control system is constructed to supervise the longitudinal and lateral motions of vehicles.Firstly,an adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface car-following control strategy is presented to determine a vector of total forces and torque of autonomous electric vehicles,which can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness of close-loop control signals.Then,an optimal tire forces distribution law is proposed to dynamically allocate the desired coupled tire longitudinal and lateral forces in real-time.Finally,simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed car-following control approach.     

A new robust fuzzy method for unmanned flying vehicle control

A new general robust fuzzy approach was presented to control the position and the attitude of unmanned flying vehicles(UFVs). Control of these vehicles was challenging due to their nonlinear underactuated behaviors. The proposed control system combined great advantages of generalized indirect adaptive sliding mode control(IASMC) and fuzzy control for the UFVs. An on-line adaptive tuning algorithm based on Lyapunov function and Barbalat lemma was designed, thus the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The chattering phenomenon in the sliding mode control was reduced and the steady error was also alleviated. The numerical results, for an underactuated quadcopter and a high speed underwater vehicle as case studies, indicate that the presented adaptive design of fuzzy sliding mode controller performs robustly in the presence of sensor noise and external disturbances. In addition, online unknown parameter estimation of the UFVs, such as ground effect and planing force especially in the cases with the Gaussian sensor noise with zero mean and standard deviation of 0.5 m and 0.1 rad and external disturbances with amplitude of 0.1 m/s2 and frequency of 0.2 Hz, is one of the advantages of this method. These estimated parameters are then used in the controller to improve the trajectory tracking performance.     

基于视觉导航的智能小车调速控制器设计

智能小车控制是构建智能车路系统中汽车列队行驶模拟系统的基础。针对智能小车自主寻迹问题,通过对寻迹路径的偏差及偏差的导数进行模态划分,提出对应的模糊控制规则,进而以DSP TMS320F2812为主控芯片控制智能小车电机的转速,实现智能小车纵向自主控制。模型车运行实验表明智能小车速度调节算法可行。     

An adaptive cascade trajectory tracking control for over-actuated autonomous electric vehicles with input saturation

This paper presented a novel adaptive cascade nonlinear trajectory tracking control scheme of over-actuated autonomous electric vehicles involving input saturation. First, a nonlinear vehicle dynamic model with input saturation is established, which can accurately describe the features of uncertainties and coupling of autonomous electric vehicles, and the hyperbolic tangent function is designed to estimate the saturation function for dealing with the input saturation problem. Then, a novel adaptive cascade trajectory tracking control scheme is designed. An adaptive neural network-based terminal sliding control law is proposed for producing the generalized force/moment in real-time, the asymptotic stability of this adaptive control system is proven by Lyapunov theory, and a quasi-newton distribution law is designed to determine the optimum tire forces that guarantee the actual generalized forces/moment are close to the desired values. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于扩张状态观测器估计的混合动力汽车协调控制

为了提高功率分流式混合动力汽车模式切换的稳定性,提出干扰补偿的转矩协调控制策略. 针对发动机动态响应振荡及车辆行驶工况多变的问题,设计多变量线性扩张状态观测器,从频域角度验证了观测器对于上述2种干扰的估计精确性. 研究不同干扰对基础电机补偿控制稳定性的影响,指出负载干扰对车辆模式切换响应的影响最大,引起的切换冲击最大可至24.5 m/s³. 提出基于干扰补偿的动力源转矩再分配算法,开展仿真验证. 结果表明,该协调控制策略在受到明显的外界干扰时能够保证系统的稳定性及模式切换的平顺性.     

基于递归小脑神经网络的模糊自适应控制

为解决一类不确定非线性系统控制问题,提出了小脑神经网络模糊自适应算法.将系统分为标称模型、参数不确定部分以及包含建模误差、干扰及未建模动态等在内的混合干扰项,用模糊自适应控制实时逼近系统各个不确定参数,用鲁棒控制消除混合干扰,并设计了递归小脑模型关节控制器作为观测器来对混合干扰的上界进行实时逼近.李亚普诺夫理论证明了控制算法可使系统一致有界稳定,微飞行机器人姿态控制仿真结果表明,控制算法改善了系统的动态性能及鲁棒性,研究结论对复杂非线性系统的有效控制提供了依据.     

基于Backstepping设计的非线性系统自适应模糊输出反馈控制

对一类单输入单输出动态不确定非线性系统,提出一种模糊自适应Backstepping和动态信号相结合的输出反馈控制方法。设计中,首先用模糊逻辑系统逼近未知非线性函数,然后引入模糊自适应观测器估计系统的状态。其次把模糊自适应控制和Backstepping控制设计技术相结合,给出了基于观测器的模糊自适应输出反馈控制设计方法。最后基于Lyapunov函数和动态信号证明了整个闭环系统的稳定性,同时使得输出收敛到原点的一个较小区域内。仿真实例进一步验证了所提方法的有效性。     

电动汽车用异步电动机的模糊自适应跟踪控制

针对传统的矢量控制因忽略铁损影响而无法对异步电动机实现准确控制的问题,研究了考虑铁损的电动汽车用异步电动机的模糊自适应位置跟踪控制。建立了考虑铁损的异步电动机动态数学模型,利用模糊逻辑系统来逼近异步电动机驱动系统中未知的非线性函数,通过反步设计方法构造了模糊自适应控制器,同时采用李雅普诺夫方法分析了系统的稳定性,并在Matlab环境下进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,在系统参数未知的情况下,电机位置信号可以快速跟踪期望信号,控制器的性能良好。当t=5s时,负载力矩发生变化,电机仍能跟踪期望信号,说明该控制器能够很好的克服电机参数的不确定性及负载力矩扰动的影响,有较强的鲁棒性,实现了对异步电动机的位置跟踪控制。该控制器结构简单,只有一个自适应参数,减少了系统的在线计算负担,易于工程实现,在电动汽车领域应用前景广阔。     

Adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of switched MIMO nonlinear systems

An adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme is presented for a class of switched multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with disturbances under arbitrary switching.Adaptive fuzzy systems are e...     

一类不确定混沌系统的自适应模糊滑模广义投影同步

针对具有不确定性和外部干扰的主从混沌系统的广义投影同步问题,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模变结构控制方法,设计了模糊滑模变结构控制器及自适应控制律,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所提方案的可行性和稳定性。所设计的控制器不受未知不确定性和外部干扰的影响,具有很强的鲁棒性,并可改变广义投影同步的比例因子,获得任意比例于原驱动混沌系统输出的混沌信号。通过对不确定主从Duffing-Holmes系统的数值仿真试验,验证了所设计控制器的有效性。     

欠驱动AUV的鲁棒位置跟踪控制

为了实现具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的欠驱动AUV的水平面鲁棒位置跟踪,基于李雅普诺夫理论,使用反步法设计了一个非线性控制器,并利用滑模控制方法提高控制系统的鲁棒性;为了检验该控制器的性能,选择有时变参考速度的正弦曲线作为参考轨迹,在控制输入受限的情况下,对具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的欠驱动AUV系统进行了数值仿真,结果表明本文设计的控制器能很好地实现欠驱动AUV的水平面位置跟踪控制,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Investigation on hierarchical control for driving stability and safety of intelligent HEV during car-following and lane-change process

The longitudinal and lateral coordinated control for autonomous vehicles is fundamental to achieve safe and comfortable driving performance. Aiming at this for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) during the car-following (CF) and lane-change (LC) process while accelerating, a hierarchical control strategy for vehicle stability control is proposed. This new approach is different from the conventional hierarchical control. On the basis of model predictive control (MPC) theory, a two-layer MPC controller is designed at the top level of the control structure. The upper layer is a linear time-varying MPC (LTV-MPC), while the lower layer is a hybrid MPC (HMPC). For the LTV-MPC controller, a control-oriented linear discrete model for HEV is established, which integrates the dynamic model with three degrees of freedom (DOF) and the car-following model. The lower-layer HMPC controller is designed on the basis of the analysis for HEV hybrid characteristics and the modelling for the mixed logic dynamic (MLD) model of the HEV powertrain. As for the bottom level, a control plant including the HEV powertrain model and the 7 DOF nonlinear dynamics of the vehicle body is established. In addition, the system stability is proven. A deep fusion of vehicle dynamics control and energy management is achieved. Compared with LC-ACC control and conventional ACC control, the simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results under different driving scenarios show that the proposed hierarchical control strategy can effectively maintain lateral stability and safety under severe driving conditions. Additionally, the HEV powertrain output torque and the gear-shift point are coordinated and controlled by the HMPC controller.

     

Adaptive variable structure control based on backstepping for spacecraft with reaction wheels during attitude maneuver

An adaptive variable structure control method based on backstepping is proposed for the attitude maneuver problem of rigid spacecraft with reaction wheel dynamics in the presence of uncertain inertia matrix and external disturbances. The proposed control approach is a combination of the backstepping and the adaptive variable structure control. The cascaded structure of the attitude maneuver control system with reaction wheel dynamics gives the advantage for applying the backstepping method to construct Lyapunov functions. The robust stability to external disturbances and parametric uncertainty is guaranteed by the adaptive variable structure control. To validate the proposed control algorithm, numerical simulations using the proposed approach are performed for the attitude maneuver mission of rigid spacecraft with a configuration consisting of four reaction wheels for actuator and three magnetorquers for momentum unloading. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

一类大规模系统神经网络自适应控制方案设计

针对一类大规模非线性机械系统,如自动化高速公路汽车空位调节和连续搅拌反应釜等系统,设计了一套基于前向神经网络的分散自适应控制方案以实现对其有效控制．作为直接自适应控制器,神经网络被用于逼近未知函数,所设计的两个鲁棒控制项分别用于消除互连效应和干扰项．系统稳定性得到严格证明,通过仿真进一步验证了方案的有效性．     

基于区间二型模糊逻辑系统的非线性大系统模糊自适应分散控制

针对一类状态可测的非线性大系统,提出了基于二型模糊逻辑系统的模糊自适应分散控制方法。在设计中,应用二型模糊逻辑系统逼近系统中的未知函数,结合模糊自适应和非线性分散控制设计理论,给出了一种新的二型模糊自适应分散控制方法,基于李亚普诺夫函数方法证明了整个闭环系统的稳定性,而且取得很好的控制跟踪性能。仿真实例进一步验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于模型参考模糊自适应的多缸同步控制

针对各通道间存在的耦合和外力扰动作用,以及工况和负载的复杂多变性,以四缸同步系统为例,应用了模型参考模糊自适应控制。根据被控对象和参考模型的输出偏差和偏差的变化来调整PI控制器的比例系数和积分系数,即通过模糊推理实时地调节PI参数,使受控系统的输出趋近于参考模型输出。仿真结果表明：该方法比传统PID控制能更有效的抑制各通道间的耦合和外力扰动作用,提高了系统的鲁棒性和同步精度。     

高阶非线性系统自适应模糊有限时间状态约束控制

针对一类具有状态约束的非严格反馈高阶非线性系统,研究一种自适应模糊有限时间跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近不确定性非线性函数,在此基础上,采用障碍Lyapunov函数,解决状态约束问题,通过障碍加幂积分方法和反步递推技术,提出了一种有限时间控制设计方法.在有限时间Lyapunov稳定意义下,严格证明闭环系统半全局实际有限时间稳定且系统的状态不超出给定的约束边界,并实现了有限时间跟踪控制目标.最后,仿真研究进一步验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.     

Distributed receding horizon control for fuel-efficient and safe vehicle platooning

This paper investigates the problem of fuel-efficient and safe control of autonomous vehicle platoons. We present a two-part hierarchical control method that can guarantee platoon stability with minimal fuel consumption. The first part vehicle controller is derived in the context of receding horizon optimal control by constructing and solving an optimization problem of overall fuel consumption. The Second part platoon controller is a complementation of the first part, which is given on the basis of platoon stability analysis. The effectiveness of the presented platoon control method is demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments with laboratory-scale Arduino cars.     

汽车外形对智能车辆队列行驶气动特性的影响

为了研究智能交通系统中不同外形车辆在队列行驶时的空气动力特性,以及车辆纵向间距对队列行驶车辆气动特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法对阶背式、快背式和直背式轿车5车队列分别在6种纵向间距下的气动特性了进行研究。结果表明:三种车型队列的平均减阻率大约为10%~40%,节省燃油5%~20%。阶背式轿车队列的平均减阻率最大,直背式次之,快背式最小。随着纵向间距的减小,每辆车的升力都增大,稳定性都变差。     

Robot焊接过程自适应模糊控制研究

针对水轮机修复专用机器人工作环境恶劣,焊接过程干扰大、非线性、强耦合等特点,采用了自适应理论和模糊控制理论,设计了焊接自适应模糊控制系统．软件仿真表明,该模糊控制系统稳定性好、阶跃响应的超调小、调整时间短．