核桃楸树皮乙酸乙酯提取物对原位移植荷胃癌小鼠的抑瘤作用

目的:研究核桃楸树皮乙酸乙酯提取物(HYT)对原位移植荷胃癌小鼠的抑瘤作用及其对免疫功能的影响,阐明HYT抗胃癌作用机理,为研发低毒高效的抗胃癌中草药提供理论依据.方法:建立HYT灌胃的原位移植荷胃癌小鼠研究模型,分为HYF高剂量组(60 mg·kg-1)、HYF低剂量组(40 mg·kg-1)、假手术组、阳性对照组(5-FU)及阴性对照组,观察每组小鼠抑瘤率及胸腺、脾脏指数,采用ELISA法及流式细胞术等检测荷胃癌小鼠IL-4 、IL-12、TNF-α水平及T淋巴细胞亚群情况.结果:HYT高剂量组抑瘤率与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与阴性对照组比较,HYT高剂量组小鼠胸腺指数及脾脏指数明显增加(P<0.05),IL-12水平升高(P<0.05),IL-4水平降低(P<0.05),TNF-α水平升高(P<0.05),T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值升高(P<0.05).结论:HYT可以增强机体免疫功能,具有明确的抑瘤作用,可以作为抗胃癌低毒高效的中草药.     

刺五加叶皂苷对实验性血管性痴呆大鼠学习、记忆及病理损伤的保护作用

目的:观察刺五加叶皂苷(ASS)对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)引起的大鼠实验性血管性痴呆的影响,为ASS的进一步开发提供依据.方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、血管性痴呆模型组及ASS 低、中、高剂量组.采用MCAO法制备大鼠血管性痴呆模型,造模10 d 后ASS低、中、高剂量组大鼠腹腔注射ASS(25、50和100 mg·kg-1),连续给药20 d.采用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习、记忆能力;取脑组织行病理学检查,并检测乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性.结果:Morris水迷宫检测,ASS 50和100 mg·kg-1组大鼠第4、5天的逃避潜伏期及游泳路径与模型组比较均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),原平台象限游泳时间(tP)和路径(dP)与总游泳时间(tT)和总路径(dT)之比与模型组比较均显著增加(P<0.05).脑AchE和ChAT活性测定,与模型组比较,ASS 50和100 mg·kg-1组大鼠脑组织AchE活性明显降低(P<0.05),ASS 100 mg·kg-1组大鼠ChAT活性明显升高(P<0.05).脑组织病理学检查,模型组大鼠脑组织存在明显梗死病灶,海马CA1区神经细胞数量明显减少、排列紊乱,局部脑组织坏死液化;ASS组梗死病灶减小,海马CA1区神经细胞排列较规则,细胞脱失有所改善.结论:ASS能增强血管性痴呆大鼠的学习、记忆能力,改善脑组织病理变化,可能与其降低AchE活性、增加ChAT活性及促进乙酰胆碱合成有关.     

铈对鲤鱼生长性能及对脑组织抗氧化性和神经活动相关生化指标的影响

基础饲料中添加0、20 mg·kg-1、42 mg·kg-1、65 mg·kg-1的硝酸铈,饲喂鲤鱼60 d,研究了铈对鲤鱼生长性能、营养状况及对脑组织抗氧化性和神经活动相关生化指标的影响。结果表明,20 mg·kg-1、42 mg·kg-1的Ce(NO3)3能显著促进鲤鱼的生长,显著提高鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量,显著降低饵料系数,在实验剂量范围内,42 mg·kg-1为最佳添加量。与对照组相比,20 mg·kg-1组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高,42 mg·kg-1、65 mg·kg-1组CAT活性极显著降低,而20 mg·kg-1、42 mg·kg-1、65 mg·kg-1组鲤鱼脑超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、抗超氧阴离子自由基及抗羟离子自由基能力和丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著性变化,钙调神经磷酸酶(Ca N)活性却显著升高。研究还表明,与对照组相比,20 mg·kg-1组胆碱酯酶(CHE)活性极显著降低,65 mg·kg-1组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性显著升高,一氧化氮(NO)含量显著降低。     

单宁酸对糖尿病大鼠肾组织炎症因子表达的抑制作用

目的:观察单宁酸(TA)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏组织炎症因子表达的抑制作用,探讨其作用机制.方法:70只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、DM组、氨基胍(AG)组、TA低剂量组和TA高剂量组.处理10周后检测各组大鼠肾脏功能指标[血清肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)及24 h尿蛋白排泄量],PAS染色观察肾脏病理改变,免疫组织化学染色观察肾组织细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达,RT-PCR方法检测肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA的表达.结果:与模型组比较,TA组大鼠血清Cre、BUN及24 h尿蛋白排泄量降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),大鼠肾小球系膜区PAS阳性物质减少,肾组织ICAM-1及TNF-α蛋白表达水平降低,肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05).结论:TA能降低糖尿病大鼠肾组织ICAM-1及TNF-α的表达,对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有保护作用.     

三七醇提物对大鼠肝组织体内外抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究三七(panax notoginseng,PNG)醇提物对大鼠肝组织的体内外抗氧化作用.方法:采用羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)两种化学发光体系,观察三七醇提物对化学发光强度的抑制作用;采用过氧基异丙苯(cumene hydroperoxide,CHP)、维生素C(VC)/硫酸亚铁(Fe2+)和四氯化碳(CCl)4/还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)作为激发剂,建立3种微粒体脂质过氧化(lipid peroxidation,LPO)损伤模型,观察三七醇提物对丙二醛(MDA)生成的抑制作用.用60Co γ射线辐照大鼠建立氧化损伤模型,观察三七醇提物对肝组织的氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量及活性的影响,以及对MDA生成的抑制作用.结果:在两种化学发光的体系中,三七醇提物对O2-和·OH的抑制率均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),且呈明显剂量-效应关系,三七醇提物对O2-和·OH的IC50分别为1.25和0.625 mg/ml;3种LPO损伤模型中三七醇提物不同浓度组的MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在体大鼠氧化损伤模型实验的肝组织中,三七醇提物不同剂量灌胃组[(50、225和450 mg/(kg·d)],其MDA的含量均较阳性对照组(仅做60Co γ照射)降低(P<0.05);225和450 mg/(kg·d)剂量组CAT活性较阳性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);其450mg/(kg·d)剂量组SOD的活性较阳性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);而225和450 mg/(kg·d)剂量组GSSG含量较阳性对照组显著降低(P<0.05).结论:三七醇提物对体外氧化损伤模型具有很强的抗氧化作用,对辐射引起的大鼠体内肝脏氧化损伤具有一定的抗氧化修复功效,并呈剂量-效应关系.     

尾加压素Ⅱ和组织型转谷氨酰胺酶在大鼠肾间质纤维化组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)和组织型转谷氨酰胺酶(tTG)在大鼠肾间质纤维化组织中的表达及意义,为进一步明确UⅡ致纤维化的机制提供实验依据.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=8)和模型组(n=8),采用左侧输尿管结扎术制备肾间质纤维化模型.术后第2周末处死各组大鼠.采用HE和Masson染色观察肾组织病理学改变;采用免疫组化法检测肾间质中UⅡ、tTG和纤维连接蛋白(FN)的表达;采用RT-PCR技术检测UⅡ和tTG mRNA的表达水平.结果:HE和Masson染色可见,模型组大鼠肾间质增宽,胶原纤维明显增生.免疫组化显示,假手术组大鼠UⅡ、tTG和FN在肾小管、肾间质区有少量表达,肾小球内除UⅡ有微量表达外,tTG和FN无阳性表达;模型组大鼠UⅡ、tTG和FN在肾小管和肾间质区的表达信号较假手术组明显增强(P<0.01),模型组大鼠UⅡ的蛋白表达与FN的蛋白表达呈正相关关系(r=0.724,P<0.05).模型组UⅡ和tTG的基因表达明显高于假手术组(P<0.05),模型组大鼠肾内UⅡ基因和蛋白表达与tTG基因和蛋白表达均呈正相关关系(r=0.647,P<0.05;r=0.787,P<0.01).结论:UⅡ和tTG可能共同参与肾间质纤维化,UⅡ的致纤维化作用可能部分是通过tTG的活化而实现的.     

过量维生素E摄入对大鼠脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨摄入大剂量维生素E(VE)对大鼠脂代谢的影响,为VE摄入限量值的确定提供实验依据.方法:28只成年健康雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低剂量VE组(400 mg·kg-1)、中剂量VE组(800 mg·kg-1)和高剂量VE组(1600 mg·kg-1),每天定时采用灌胃方法给予VE,定期根据体质量调整剂量,给药16 d后,经眼球采血,检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)等生化指标;处死大鼠取肝、肾、脾,计算上述脏器的脏体比.结果:与正常对照组比较,低、中和高剂量VE组大鼠饮水、进食量减少,状态及活动欠佳;与正常对照组和低剂量VE组比较,中、高剂量VE组大鼠体质量降低(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,VE各剂量组大鼠肝/体比、肾/体比和脾/体比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与正常对照组比较,中、高剂量VE组大鼠血清中TC、TG和HDL-C水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与低剂量VE组比较,中、高剂量VE组TC、TG和HDL-C水平均显著降低(P<0.05);中、高剂量VE组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:大剂量VE抑制大鼠的生长,过量口服会降低体内HDL-C、TC和TG的合成,不利于脂代谢,提示不建议大量补充VE.     

不同运动负荷对大鼠海马组织NGF和nNOS表达的影响及其意义

目的:探讨不同运动负荷对大鼠海马组织神经生长因子(NGF)和神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的影响及机制,为运动干预脑健康及预防脑老化研究奠定基础.方法:40只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为不进行运动干预的对照组和每天进行15、30和60 min的小、中、大游泳运动负荷的实验组,实验8周后取大鼠脑组织,免疫组织化学S-P法检测大鼠海马组织NGF和nNOS表达水平及形态学表现.结果:与对照组比较,小、中、大运动负荷组大鼠海马组织NGF阳性表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与小运动负荷组比较,中、大运动负荷组大鼠海马组织NGF阳性表达水平升高(P<0.01),但中等运动负荷组大鼠与大运动负荷组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与对照组比较,中、大运动负荷组大鼠海马组织nNOS阳性表达水平升高(P<0.01);与小运动负荷组比较,中、大运动负荷组大鼠海马组织nNOS阳性表达水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),大运动负荷组大鼠海马组织nNOS阳性表达水平高于中运动负荷组(P<0.01).免疫组织化学染色:大鼠海马组织NGF阳性神经元主要表达在神经细胞胞浆,呈棕色;nNDS阳性神经元呈棕褐色,着色主要位于胞浆.结论:大脑海马组织NGF和nNOS的表达水平在一定范围内随着运动负荷的增加而升高,提示在不同的运动负荷阶段NGF和nNOS对海马神经的生长和损伤的修复具有重要作用.     

氯化镉对裸鼠皮下移植人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的抑制作用及其对线粒体酶的影响

目的:研究氯化镉对裸鼠皮下移植人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的抑制作用及对线粒体乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、ATP酶活性的影响,阐明氯化镉抑制肿瘤生长的机制.方法:建立人肝癌裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型,分别腹腔注射生理盐水(阴性对照组)、5-氟尿嘧啶(阳性对照组)、氯化镉0.5、1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1(氯化镉组),10 d后测定荷瘤体积、脏器指数和血清ALT、AST水平及荷瘤组织线粒体LDH、ATP酶的活性.结果:与阳性对照组比较,氯化镉0.5、1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1组肿瘤抑制率增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组脏器指数变化不明显,其中氯化镉各剂量组肾脏指数高于阳性对照组(P<0.05);与阴性对照组比较,氯化镉各剂量组ALT水平及LDH酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),0.5和1.0 mg·kg-1组AST水平显著降低(P<0.05);1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1组Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性与阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),0.5和2.0 mg·kg-1组Na+-K+-ATPase活性与阳性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:氯化镉可能干扰线粒体能量代谢,并通过线粒体途径抑制肿瘤生长.     

黄连解毒汤对大鼠慢性脑灌注不足损伤的保护作用

目的:观察黄连解毒汤对大鼠慢性脑灌注不足损伤的保护作用.方法:将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及黄连解毒汤治疗组(治疗组)(均n＝8).采用双侧颈总动脉永久性阻断法制备模型,术后灌胃给予黄连解毒汤(4.0 g生药/kg体重).连续治疗60 d后,用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠学习记忆能力;用HE染色法检查脑白质病理改变并定量检测胼胝体神经纤维脱失变化.结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠隐匿逃避潜伏期(escape latency,EL)显著延长(P<0.01),穿越平台次数明显减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠EL明显缩短(P<0.01),穿越平台次数显著增加(P<0.05).模型组大鼠可见脑白质损伤改变,胼胝体白质囊泡面积占测量总面积的百分比值显著高于假手术组(p<0.01).与模型组比较,治疗组脑白质损伤明显减轻,胼胝体白质囊泡面积占测量总面积的百分比值显著降低(p<0.01).结论:黄连解毒汤能够改善慢性脑灌注不足大鼠的脑白质损伤与学习记忆能力.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.