鼓泡流化床气固两相流动特性的数值模拟

本文基于气固两相欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,对多孔布风鼓泡流化床内气固两相流流动特性进行了数值模拟,研究了床内压力分布,气泡的运动行为,以及气相和颗粒相速度的分布情况,并将模拟结果与相应实验数据进行比较。结果表明所用模型能较好的预测流化床内气固两相流的流动特性,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

鼓泡流化床内颗粒分离行为模拟研究

颗粒-颗粒相间曳力是影响鼓泡流化床流体动力行为的重要因素之一。本文基于欧拉-欧拉双流体气固两相流模型,采用考虑了颗粒分离斜度系数的颗粒-颗粒相间曳力模型,对床内具有两种不同颗粒尺寸、底部均匀布风的鼓泡流化床进行了数值模拟研究,并将模拟结果与Owoyemi等的实验及数值模拟结果进行了比较。研究结果表明考虑颗粒分离斜度系数的颗粒-颗粒相间曳力模型合理地预测和分析了床内颗粒分离等特性。     

内旋流流化床内颗粒流动特性的数值模拟研究

利用欧拉双流体模型对内旋流流化床内固体颗粒的流动特性进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:内旋流流化床内气泡主要产生于高速风侧;非均匀布风和布风板倾角对床内颗粒流动特性有影响;内旋流流化床具备良好的横向和纵向扩散特性,有利于床内物料的强烈混合;模拟结果与实验结果符合较好。     

压力对喷动流化床流动特性影响的数值模拟

建立了1台热输入0.1 MW的加压喷动流化床煤部分气化炉和相同尺寸的冷态模型试验装置,通过试验和数值模拟方法分析了压力对喷动流化床流动特性的影响.数值模拟采用了非稳态欧拉多相流模型,研究结果表明:随着工作压力增大,床内的中心喷动区和环形区的空隙率均相应减小;颗粒在较高工作压力下的轴向速度大于较低压力工况下的速度值;在压力为0.1～0.3 MPa时,模拟工况的流动状态与试验结果相符.     

泡沫金属制备过程中气体射流发泡过程数值模拟

应用Euler-Lagrange方法对制备泡沫金属过程中的空气射流发泡过程的两相湍流流动进行三维数值模拟。连续相液态金属铝液采用标准k-ε模型,而离散相气泡采用颗粒轨道模型描述。考虑气泡受力分析、气泡湍流扩散以及气液两相耦合对颗粒轨道模型的影响。模拟结果表明:相同气体体积流量下铝液的轴向速度沿径向方向有所增加;当气体体积流量为1.0L/min时气泡质量浓度分布不均匀度最小,从而有利于泡沫的收集。     

喷动床反应器内流体动力特性的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,颗粒动理学理论模拟颗粒相流动,对喷动床核反应器内的流体动力行为进行了数值模拟.模拟得到了喷动床核反应器内颗粒浓度标准方差、空隙率和颗粒速度分布.研究结果表明喷动床核反应器内颗粒浓度标准方差先逐渐增大至最大值后下降.分析了摩擦应力模型和倒锥体角度等影响因素对喷动床核反应器内的流体动力特性的影响.     

基于欧拉-欧拉多相流模型对生物质快速热裂解的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉多相流方法,采用单步多元反应动力学模型研究了生物质在二维鼓泡流化床反应器中的快速热裂解反应,分析了反应器中颗粒流动、传热以及热裂解产物组成的分布规律。结果表明:气泡的流动有助于气体、石英砂和生物质的混合和热量交换;经过气体的对流换热和石英砂的接触导热,生物质温度迅速升高后发生热裂解,热裂解温度为750～850 K;计算得到的生物油、焦炭和不可冷凝气体的产率分别为59.2%、14.4%和22.1%。     

鼓泡流化床流动特性的欧拉-离散单元方法模拟

利用欧拉—离散单元方法对气固射流流化床内的流体动力学特性进行了数值模拟。在模型中把气相作为连续介质处理，采用欧拉方法建立其动量及质量守恒方程；对固体颗粒相则采用属于拉格朗日范略的离散单元方法(DEM)模拟；气固两相之间的相互作用采用DiFelice经验关系式反映。利用该模型模拟了流化床内初始阶段的气固两相流动特性。此外，由于气泡特性对流化床的流化质量具有重要的影响，故利用频谱分析理论对床内的模拟压力信号时间序列进行了分析，得出了在几个典型入口气速下的气泡统计生成频率，数值模拟结果与有关实验结果定性一致。     

二冲程发动机换气过程的有限体积法数值模拟

采用有限体积法开发了在任意欧拉-拉格朗日（ALE）框架下三维非定常流体流动的数值模拟程序。利用该程序对二冲程发动机换气过程中的气体流动情况进行了数值模拟，并给出了二冲程发动机工作过程中不同曲柄角度时的气流速度分布，结果显示该程序对于定量研究工程技术问题中复杂几何体内的流体流动，有着良好的普适性和实用性。     

三维喷动流化床流动特性数值模拟

为了研究喷动流化床煤部分气化炉的气-固流动特性,采用三维欧拉多相流模型和颗粒动能理论相结合的数学模型,对一台直径100 mm的喷动流化床试验台进行了数值模拟研究.研究内容包括喷动流化床不同工况下内部射流的发展、气-固流动特性、典型工况下气体速度分布、颗粒速度分布以及由于颗粒碰撞引起的颗粒相压力分布.模拟结果表明:典型工况下,当喷动风与总风的比例为50%时,流场有利于煤气化;气体曳力和颗粒碰撞对环形区颗粒特别是靠墙区颗粒的运动影响很大.为了验证模型的合理性,采用文献中的试验工况进行计算,计算结果和文献中的测量值吻合较好.     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.