Na2O-SiO2-ZrO2-TiO2系统玻璃耐碱机理的研究

本文采用了分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法及电子探针(EPMA)等手段，对Na2O-SiO2-ZrO2-TiO2系统玻璃进行了耐碱机理的初步探讨。用相关分析对碱蚀液中ZrO2、TiO2、SiO2等氧化物的碱溶出行为及各氧化物在玻纤表面上的残留行为进行了讨论．     

Preparation of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al2O3-SiO2- TiO2-ZrO2 supported membranes were prepared by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al2O3, TiO2 ( anatase ), Al2 SiO5 , and ZrO2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al:Si: Ti : Zr ,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lend to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the surface nanoscale topography and microstracture of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.     

Thermodynamic study of K2CrO4-KAlO2-KOH-H2O and NaeCrO4-NaALO2-NaOH-H2O systems

Phase diagrams of complex multi-component aqueous chromium salt system are the important theoretical bases for increasing the recovery ratio of chromium and reducing the poisonous waste in the chromate production process. Phase equilibrium of multi-component system has been calculated from the limited known data with thermodynamic models. The phase equilibriums of KOH-K2CrO4-H2O, KOH-KAlO2-H2O, NaOH-Na2CrO4-H2O and NaOH-NaAlO2-H2O systems were calculated with thermodynamic models. The solubilities of Cr and Al was measured in the systems at different temperatures. The results were compared with experimental data and they are consistent with each other. It shows that the lower concentration of KOH (or NaOH) is favorable for thecrystallization of KAlO2 (or NaAlO2) and higher concentration of KOH (or NaOH) is favorable for the crystallization of K2CrO4(Na2CrO4). Therefore, K2CrO4 (or Na2CrO4) can be separated from KAlO2 (or NaAlO2) with controlling the KOH concentration in solutions of KOH-K2CrO4-KAlO2-H2O or NaOH-Na2CrO4-NaAlO2-H2O systems.     

Li_2O、La_2O_3含量对Li_2O-La_2O_3-Ta_2O_5-SiO_2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响

电极玻璃的析晶性能是直接影响电极制作的重要因素 ,本文通过析晶实验 ,利用X射线衍射分析对Li2 O La2 O3 Ta2 O5 SiO2 系统玻璃的析晶性能进行了研究。结果表明 :引入适量的Li2 O、La2 O3能改善该系统玻璃的析晶性能。     

Structure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics in SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 system

ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics were fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallizing from SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk. The thermal transformation sequences of the SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk were investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetric. And the mechanical properties of the nano-ceramics were studied. The results show that the bulks are still in amorphous state at 900 ℃ and the t-ZrO2 forms at about 950 ℃ with a faint spinel-like phase which changes into mullite on further heating. ZrO2 and mullite become major phases at 1 100 ℃ and an amount of m-ZrO2 occur at the same time. The sample heated at 950 ℃ for 2 h and then at 1 100 ℃ for 1 h shows very dense and homogenous microstructure with ball-like grains in size of 20-50 nm. With the increase of crystallization temperature up to 1 350 ℃, the grains grow quickly and some grow into lath-shaped grains with major diameter of 5 μm. After two-step treatment the highest micro-hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the samples are 13.72 GPa, 520 MPa and 5.13 MPa·m1/2, respectively.     

GeO2-PbF2-ZnF2玻璃的Raman光谱和结构

用Ｒａｍａｎ光谱研究了ＧｅＯ２－ＰｂＦ２－ＺｎＦ２系统玻璃结构。结果表明,这种氟氧混合体系玻璃主要以［ＧｅＯ４－ｘＦｘ］四面体、［ＺｎＦ４］和［ＺｎＯ４］单元共同构成三维网络。网络中非桥氧或［ＧｅＯ４－ｘＦｘ］四面体的数量随Ｆ－／Ｏ２－比例增加而增加,而Ｆ－／Ｏ２－比例一定时,Ｚｎ２＋则能提高［ＧｅＯ４－ｘＦｘ］四面体的聚合度。     

ClO_2与稳定性ClO_2的差异

本文从物质的性质、制备原理及应用三个方面分析了CLO_2与稳定性CLO_2的差异.     

K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4·2H2O复盐的合成与表征

以3种简单盐类为原料,在50℃下用水热合成法制备了结晶优良的硫酸钙复盐K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4.2H2O,并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱与拉曼光谱分析、扫描电子显微分析等现代测试手段对其性能进行了表征,验证了该复盐带有2个分子的结晶水,测得了复盐的红外光谱与拉曼光谱的特征波数,清晰地观测了复盐的晶体形貌。     

Li2O-B2O3-SiO2系电绝缘封接玻璃的研制

以Li2O-B2O3-SiO2系统为基础,添加少量外加剂,制备了结晶型电绝缘封接玻璃.测试表明,该电绝缘封接玻璃在540℃以下是电绝缘的,其热膨胀系数为109×10-7℃-1,主晶相为Li2O·SiO2.     

Na2SO4·0.5H2O2·H2O的热分解动力学研究

采用程序升温法研究Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O在氮气中的热分解动力学,测定Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O分解的TG-DTG和TG-DSC曲线.在8.0 K.min-1、6.1 K.min-1、4.1 K.min-1和2.0 K.min-14个升温速率下,Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O的热分解是简单的一步反应,热分解温度为339.5 K.采用多元非线性回归对Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O在氮气中的热分解动力学模型进行筛选,并利用主曲线法对其分解模型进行判别.Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O的热分解过程受三维相界面控制,分解机理为R3机理.Na2SO4.0.5H2O2.H2O的热分解活化能为70.83 KJ.mol-1,指前因子1.96×103.     

反应物浓度对液相合成Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5系粉体特性的影响

选用AlCl3、Na2SiO3、CaCl2、NaF和Na5P3O10作为初始反应物,采用液相沉淀法合成了Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5系玻璃粉体;通过XRD、EDAX和TEM等手段,分析了反应物浓度对液相合成Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5系玻璃粉体特性的影响.结果表明,反应物浓度对粉体的化学组成、结晶状态均无明显影响,各粉体均是含有O、F、Al、Si、Ca、P元素的非晶态的近球形纳米颗粒.但反应物浓度对粉体的分散性能、颗粒大小有影响,随着反应物浓度的提高,粉体团聚现象加剧,分散性降低,粉体颗粒大小略微减小,粒子在20~60 nm.     

H2O2降膜吸收SO2的研究

针对小型燃煤锅炉的烟气脱硫特点,提出了一种以列管式并流降膜塔为脱硫反应器,用H2O2溶液为脱硫剂的烟气脱硫新方法.通过建立小型降膜塔脱硫试验台,研究了降膜管的各种运行参数对脱硫过程的影响.试验结果表明,系统液气比为15 L/m3,入口SO2质量浓度为2 857mg/m3,H2O2吸收液浓度1 mol/L的试验条件下,脱硫效率可稳定保持在85%.该方法没有废物排放与二次污染,脱硫产物20%的废硫酸可以作为副产品利用,是一种适合于中小型燃煤锅炉简便有效的脱硫方法.     

Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电材料的制备

为了研究Bi2Sr2Co2Oy热电陶瓷的不同制备方法,实验采用固相反应法和溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi2Sr2Co2Oy陶瓷．用XRD,SEM等表征技术研究了样品的物相及显微组织形貌．结果表明：样品为单相,组织均匀,为层片状结构,且具有明显的c轴择优取向．     

MgO对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统低膨胀微晶玻璃性能的影响

利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、差热分析等测试手段,结合梯温炉实验、热膨胀系数的测定,研究了MgO对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统低膨胀微晶玻璃的玻璃熔制、析晶性能及热膨胀性能的影响.     

BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2三元系熔盐电解体系的物理化学性质

研究了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2三元系电解质体系的物理化学性质,为熔盐电解法制备Al-Ca合金奠定基础.采用阿基米德法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系的密度;采用差热-热重分析法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系初晶温度;采用连续变化电导池常数（CVCC）法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系的电导率;采用循环伏安法研究了该体系的电化学行为.     

新型不锈钢基PbO2/PbO2-CeO2复合电极材料的研制

报道了在不锈钢基体上电沉积制备PbO2／PbO2-CeO2复合电极材料．研究了电沉积工艺参数对不锈钢表面沉积二氧化铅的影响．采用XRD、SEM对得到的电极进行了相结构和形貌分析，把该新型电极材料应用于电积锌过程并与传统的铅电极进行了对比，结果表明，采用不锈钢基PbO2／PbO2-CeO2复合电极材料，锌电积过程的槽电压降低，电流效率高．     

BaCl2·2 H2 O晶体聚集体形貌及结晶学规律

采用单玻片溶剂蒸发法获得了单斜晶系BaCl2·2H2 O （氯化钡）晶体的放射状聚集形貌。聚集体由大量的枝状晶体按照一定的规律聚合而成,枝状形貌有明显的主枝和侧枝,同一主枝的两侧均有相互平行的侧枝,侧枝与主枝的角度约为34°。通过扫描电镜下的形貌观察和分析,结合理论分析和计算,探讨了该晶体聚集体形貌中蕴含的结晶学规律。氯化钡的柱状晶粒的延伸方向为[100],柱面由平行双面｛001｝和｛010｝组成,且以（001）贴在玻片上生长,相邻晶粒以共格晶界（210）相接合;或柱面由斜方柱｛011｝组成,且以（011）贴在玻片上生长,相邻晶粒以共格晶界（522）相接合。实验观察验证了模型的正确性。     

Al2O3含量对Cu-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2催化剂性能的影响

研究了Al2O3含量对Cu-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2催化剂在CO2加氢合成二甲醚中催化性能的影响,并用XRD,H2-TPR,XPS,NH3-TPD和CO2-TPD等手段进行了表征.研究结果表明,Al2O3延缓了CuO和ZnO晶粒的长大,同时使催化剂变得难以还原.加入的Al2O3富集于催化剂表面,改变了催化剂表面Cu2+和Zn2+的摩尔分数.Al2O3还与SiO2产生无定形SiO2-Al2O3混合相,提供二甲醚合成所必需的酸碱中心.反应结果表明,Al2O3在催化剂中的质量分数低于1.4%时,对转化率的提高有促进作用;当Al2O3在催化剂中的质量分数为4.0%时,甲醇合成以及甲醇脱水的活性中心呈现出较好的"协同催化效应",目标产物二甲醚的收率最高.研究认为,Al2O3通过影响CuO与Al2O3之间的相互作用以及催化剂的表面酸性,从而使催化剂对CO2加氢合成二甲醚表现出不同的催化性能.     

H2O2-Fe^2＋催化氧化工艺处理染料废水的研究

将H2O2-Fe^2＋催化氧化工艺应用于染料废水的处理,具有处理效果好、产泥量少、处理费用低等特点．经处理后,废水的COD去除率达到85％以上;色度去除率达到98％以上．     

Pt-S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其催化正戊烷异构化性能

制备固体超强酸Pt-S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA、FTIR、ICP等对催化剂进行表征;以正戊烷异构化为模型反应,在高压微反-色谱联合装置上,评价催化剂的活性,考察质量空速、反应温度、反应压力及氢与正戊烷物质的量比(n(氢)∶n(正戊烷))对正戊烷异构化反应的影响.结果表明:当反应温度为220℃、压力为2.0 MPa、n(氢)∶n(正戊烷)=4∶1、质量空速为1.5 h-1时,正戊烷转化率为76.7%,异戊烷产率为72.5%,异戊烷选择性为94.5%,液收率为96.5%.