聚乙烯醇存在下耐尔蓝－铈钼、钪钼杂多酸体系连续光度测定铈和钪

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）与铈钼、钪钼杂多酸络阴离子形成离子缔合物，其最大吸收均位于５８５ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光度分别为εｃｗ＝３．５２×１０６和εＳｃ＝３．５９×１０＿５Ｌ·ｍｏｌˉ１·ｃｍˉ１，铈和钪服从比耳定律的浓度范围分别为０～０．８μｇ／２５ｍｌ和０～２．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，测定极限分别为１．３ｎｇＣｅ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１０）和３．０ｎｇＳｃ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝７），对于０．０２μｇＣｅ／ｍｌ或０．０４μｇＳｃ／ｍｌ测定的相对标准偏差分别为２．７％（ｎ＝９）和２．８％（ｎ＝１０），离子缔合物的摩尔比分别为Ｃｅ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：６：４和Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：１２：３。本法用于地质标样分析，结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收法测定罐头食品中的铜锌和锡

研究了火焰原子吸收法测定罐头食品中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和Ｓｎ时的测定方法。对一些主要共存元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和ＰＯ＿４￣３－对Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和Ｓｎ测定的干扰及干扰的消除进行了研究。在测定Ｓｎ时，加入０．５ｍｇ／ＬＫ作为消电离剂，并采用调节燃助比的方法使ＰＯ＿４￣２－对Ｓｎ的增感效应降低到测定误差允许的范围内。同时在同一试液中直接测定了Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ。方法的回收率达９５．６％（Ｃｕ）、１０２％（Ｚｎ）和９９．４％（Ｓｎ）。经测试各种类型的罐头食品中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和Ｓｎ的含量，证明该法简便易行，快速准确。     

AA-MAn-AMPS共聚物的合成及其阻垢分散性能

首次以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,将丙烯酸（ＡＡ） 、马来酸酐（ＭＡｎ）、２ 丙烯酰氨基 ２ 甲基丙烷磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ） 按一定单体物质的量比进行共聚, 合成了系列ＡＡ－ ＭＡｎ－ ＡＭＰＳ共聚物。探讨了它们对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 的阻垢率与共聚物用量、共聚物单体物质的量比的关系,研究了共聚物在稳定锌、分散氧化铁方面的性能。结果表明：共聚物Ｂ［ ｎ （ＡＡ）∶ｎ（ＭＡｎ）∶ｎ（ＡＭＰＳ） ＝ ７０∶２０∶１０］ 对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 具有优良的阻垢分散性能, 当ｗ（Ｃａ２＋） ＝１５０ ×１０－６, ｗ（ＰＯ４３－ ）＝ ６×１０－ ６,ｐＨ＝９－０,θ＝５０ ℃,ｔ ＝ １０ ｈ,共聚物的质量分数＝１０×１０－６ 时,对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 的阻垢率达９９－４５％ ;共聚物Ｇ［ ｎ（ＡＡ）∶ｎ（ＭＡｎ）∶ｎ（ＡＭＰＳ） ＝７０∶１５∶１５］则具有良好的稳定锌能力,当ｗ（Ｚｎ２＋）＝１０×１０－６ ,ｐＨ＝８－８～９－０,θ＝ ５０ ℃,ｔ ＝ ２４ ｈ,共聚物的质量分数＝ １０ ×１０－６ 时,对Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２ 的阻垢率达７４－４２％ 。Ｂ、Ｇ均具有较好的分散氧化铁性能。ＡＡ－ ＭＡｎ － ＡＭＰＳ共聚物可用作工业循环冷却水的阻垢分散剂。     

APDC浸渍树脂及其在分析上的应用

用ＰＳＤ－ＣＨ２ＣＬ树脂和ＡＰＤＣ（吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵）溶液制成一种带有ＡＰＤＣ功能基的浸渍树脂，研究了Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ离子在ＰＡＤＣ树脂柱上的吸附和解吸特征，并测定了ＰＨ，流速等预富集的最佳条件和外加离子的影响，建立了ＡＰＤＣ树脂分离，富集ＰＩＸＥ法测定天然水中Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的一种新方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定硫化剂MOCA的含量

建立了用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定硫化剂ＭＯＣＡ含量的方法。结果表明,以甲醇：水（８５：１５）为流动相,检测波长为２５４ｎｍ,联苯二胺为内标,在０．１μｇ／ｍＬ～１０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内有良好的线性关系（ｒ＝０．９９９６）,平均回收率为９９．５２％,ＲＳＤ＝０．５６％（ｎ＝５）。     

金—钼酸盐—丁基罗丹明B体系显色反应研究

研究了在高氯酸和聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，金与钼酸盐和丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）的显色反应。其适宜条件ＣＨＣｌＯ４＝１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＭｏＯ２－４＝９．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＢＲＢ＝３．８×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．０８％ＰＶＡ。金钼杂多酸—丁基罗丹明Ｂ离子缔合物的最大吸收位于５７０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为３．３６×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，金量在０～４０μｇ／Ｌ范围内服从比尔定律，测定极限（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３）０．９０μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝１０），对于２８μｇＡｕ（Ⅲ）／Ｌ测定的相对标准偏差２．１％（ｎ＝７）。缔合物至少可稳定５ｈ，摩尔比Ａｕ∶ＢＲＢ＝１∶３。考察了４４种共存离子的影响，大多数常见离子不干扰，用活性炭分离富集金，对砂矿和炭粉中金的测定，结果满意。     

耐硫酸及其盐腐蚀的新型双相不锈钢的研究

针对含Ｈ２ＳＯ４１１０．５ｇ／Ｌ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４３８７ｇ／Ｌ、ＺｎＳＯ４１４．４ｇ／Ｌ，密度为１．３５ｇ／ｃｍ３，温度为６０℃的介质，设计了泵用不锈钢的金相组织和化学成分。其金相组织确定为奥氏体—铁素体双相不锈钢，化学成分为：Ｃ≤０．４％、Ｓｉ４．０％～５．０％、Ｍｎ≤０．８％、Ｐ，Ｓ≤０．０３％、Ｃｒ１９％～２１％、Ｎｉ１９％～２１％、Ｍｏ２．０％～３．０％、Ｃｕ２．０％～３．０％，其余为Ｆｅ。采用金相显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射的方法观察与分析了钢的金相组织，通过试验测定了耐蚀性能，并与性能优良的９０４和ＣＤ４ＭＣｕ钢进行对比。试验结果表明，经１１００℃固溶处理后的新型双相不锈钢（ＫＳ－５）耐蚀性能明显优于对比合金。     

二安替比林间乙氧基苯基甲烷褪色法测定微量铜的研究

基于Ｃｕ２＋对Ｈ３ＰＯ４－Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）—Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０—ＤＡｍＥＭ—Ｖ（Ｖ）显色体系干扰褪色作用，建立了一个测定微量铜的新方法。其检出限为４×１０－５ｇ·Ｌ－１，铜离子含量在４０～２００μｇ·Ｌ－１范围内与ｌｇ（Ａｏ／Ａ）成良好线性关系，体系稳定性和选择性良好。用于铅样中痕量铜的测定，结果满意。     

高压溶样－ICP／AES测定高纯Al_2O_3粉末中杂质元素含量

采用硫酸作溶剂，高压密封溶解９９．９９％Ａｌ２Ｏ３，以电感偶合等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ／ＡＥＳ）测定高纯Ａｌ２Ｏ３中痕量杂质元素（Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｎａ）含量。方法加标回收率８９％～１０７％，相对标准偏差４．６％～８．４％。该法具用溶样简便、无污染、基体干扰小、数据可靠、能同时测定多种元素等优点。     

ICP－AES法测定脱毒蓖麻饼中微量元素

本文报道了采用美国ＬｅｅｍａｎＬａｂｓ公司生产的ＰＳ－Ｉ型中阶梯光栅光谱仪，对脱毒蓖麻饼中Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ等元素的含量进行了测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差：４．９６％～１０．３０％，回收率９０．５％～１０１．８％．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.