基于激光主动照明的舰船尾流图像探测系统

通过探测舰船尾流与环境不同的激光后向散射特性,可反演出舰船的航向、航速、吨位等关键信息,具有极高的军事价值。本文基于激光主动照明探测模式,结合工业相机与高重频激光器构建了一套舰船尾流成像探测系统,实现了针对舰船尾流气泡的大视场、大动态范围的有效探测。利用蒙特卡洛方法构建了舰船尾流成像探测仿真平台,验证了该方法的可行性;搭建了基于激光主动照明的舰船尾流图像探测系统样机,并在室内实验室水池条件下开展了大量实验,验证了系统性能,并就实验结果分析了不同系统参数对探测性能的影响;同时开展了可见光干扰条件下探测性能的评估,验证了本系统同时存在较强的抗可见光干扰能力,为激光主动照明成像探测模式在舰船尾流探测中的实践提供了理论支撑。     

直接探测激光雷达系统的建模与仿真

从直接探测激光雷达系统的建模、激光雷达仿真系统的研究、计算机仿真实验等方面介绍了进行激光雷达系统仿真设计的理论和实践。从虚警概率、探测概率、信噪比和阈值噪声比决定最大探测距离的这一角度阐述建立直接探测激光雷达模型;假设在直接检测方式下,探测器噪声可以用高斯概率密度函数表示;考虑了大气分子和气溶胶的吸收和散射作用;仿真系统参数输入中尽可能考虑了实际系统的各种参数要求。仿真实验表明仿真软件能够客观地反映直接探测激光雷达在不同条件下应该探测的结果。     

基于脱靶量的水下目标激光扫描探测模型

蓝绿激光在水下目标非声探测中具有广泛的应用前景,但现有的探测模型尚未考虑探测概率与自导系统的匹配问题。为了获得最佳探测效果,建立基于脱靶量的水下目标激光周视扫描探测模型。仿真结果表明:随脱靶量增加,在相同发射频率下,增大光束发射倾角能显著提高探测概率,但减少了后级系统的处理时间;此外,随脱靶量增加,为避免探测漏检,应提高发射频率,减小光束发射步进角度。最后,通过仿真分析给出不同脱靶量下探测系统关键参数的最优设计。文中所建模型对探测系统、自导系统的匹配设计提供了一定的理论参考。     

基于“猫眼效应”的激光主动成像探测系统性能分析

通过对调制对比度限制下的作用距离建模,文中分析了激光主动成像探测系统的性能.首先描述了系统组成,然后通过调制对比度的表达式导出了作用距离模型,最后根据"猫眼"目标和漫反射目标不同的特性分别进行了仿真计算.结果表明:激光主动成像探测系统基于"猫眼"效应探测时性能大大提高.     

基于漫反射探测的全向激光告警性能分析

为了通过对基于漫反射探测的全向激光告警系统性能的分析,进而达到对系统性能优化的目的,采用理论推导和实验分析的方法,讨论了普通鱼眼镜头的成像规律,得出了系统所使用的鱼眼镜头的成像规律。推导了全向激光告警系统中探测器接收到的漫反射信号功率公式,讨论了鱼眼系统像面照度均匀性,分析了系统中CCD成像特性,得出光斑成像像素个数的公式。采用针对不同成像像素数,得出不同CCD成像面上单像素所探测到的光斑功率公式的方法。得到了不同传输距离时,光斑成像的像素数与探测器距光斑距离d的关系图;不同的能见度条件下探测器所探测到的单个像素功率与传输距离R的关系图;以及在能见度和传输距离一定的条件下,探测器单个像素功率随距离d的变化图。研究结果对于基于漫反射探测的全向激光告警系统设计和研制,优化系统性能具有重要帮助。     

凝视激光探测系统的探测灵敏度测试方法

为了研究凝视激光探测系统的探测灵敏度指标性能,针对凝视激光探测系统的凝视成像特性及探测面元接收激光能量会随视场角的变化而改变的特点,从实验室现有测试条件出发,设计了一套关于其探测灵敏度的室内间接测试方法。分析了测试过程中各环节应注意的问题,给出了相应解决方法,对搭建的模拟激光探测系统在不同的方位角下进行了激光发射、探测实验测试,得出7个不同方位角的探测灵敏度结果,其中,中心视场角探测灵敏度为0.259nJ/cm2,相对误差在3.4%～4.2%范围内,得出该系统最小可探测能量随视场角增大而增大的规律,并定性分析了测试误差。结果表明,该设计方法实际可行,误差精度可以达到规程要求,为进一步研究设计高精度的灵敏度测试系统提供了有益参考。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的激光探测系统可靠性分析

为了实现对激光探测系统可靠性的分析,分析了蒙特卡罗数值计算方法在计算机模拟应用中的特点,利用其在求解高维问题方面的敏感性,对脉冲体制激光探测概率、虚警概率进行仿真的同时,利用概率统计的方法推导了激光探测概率和虚警概率的数学模型.实验结果表明,建立的探测概率、虚警概率模型可以有效地反映脉冲体制激光探测可靠性.     

数字化激光扫描成像引信低空海面背景目标识别方法

激光成像技术能获得精细化的空间信息,在解决超低空海洋环境背景下的目标探测与识别时具有独特的优势。文中基于海谱波动模型和激光海面回波反射特征的模拟,仿真分析了探测系统的视场角和入射角参数对海面回波特征的影响,对比分析了宽视场和窄视场在不同海况下的激光回波特征,并对比窄视场成像探测系统对目标反射和海面反射的空间分布差异。提出了一种数字化阵列激光扫描成像探测系统,该系统通过电控阵列激光分时高速工作可实现周向360°的固态扫描探测,并通过高速AD采样获取数字化的回波幅度和距离阵列。针对弹目高速交会的工作特点,提出了帧内判定,帧间累积的低空海背景目标识别方法。该方法通过直通滤波、数学形态学滤波、目标形态特征等方法能快速滤除海背景杂波,保证弹载探测识别的实时性和可靠性要求。通过不同交会条件的仿真验证,该方法对不同海况下的识别准确率的平均值为96.9%。     

激光周向探测系统最佳脉冲频率与扫描转速

针对单光束激光周向探测系统中的扫描频率与电机转速的匹配难点问题,进行了单光束脉冲激光周向探测系统的目标探测研究。为提高单光束脉冲激光周向探测系统探测概率,建立了周向探测系统的弹目交汇模型,运用蒙特卡罗算法分析了激光脉冲频率和电机扫描转速对周向探测系统探测目标概率的影响,并选取最佳脉冲频率与电机扫描转速。根据最佳激光脉冲频率与电机扫描转速设计了原理样机并进行模拟探测实验。实验结果表明,当脉冲激光频率为20kHz,电机扫描转速为30000r/min时,在3m探测距离范围内周向探测系统能有效探测目标。为单光束激光周向探测系统的最佳激光脉冲频率和电机扫描转速设计提供依据。     

激光主动探测空间目标的成像仿真

成像仿真可为地基激光主动成像探测系统的优化设计提供参考,为图像处理和空间目标识别算法开发奠定数据基础.介绍了国外成像仿真系统的功能和应用情况,在具体分析激光主动探测空间目标成像仿真原理的基础上,按照目标三维建模、目标散射特性分析、成像仿真及场景可视化四个方面,提出了自己的激光主动探测空间目标的成像仿真思路和方法.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.