装配条件对X80钢外根焊接头成分与性能的影响

摘要： X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动焊接过程中,装配条件的改变对铜衬垫熔化导致的Cu元素向焊缝扩散及接头的力学性能具有一定影响。系统地分析了不同对口间隙与错边量对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动电弧焊接接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响。通过能谱分析和化学成分分析对焊缝中的Cu元素含量进行表征,利用拉伸试验、常温冲击试验及背弯和侧弯试验测量不同装配条件下接头的力学性能。结果表明,对口间隙大于1.0 mm或错边量大于3.0 mm的装配条件下焊缝成形质量差;在保证获得良好焊缝成形的条件下,对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu含量的增加,但不同条件下焊缝的Cu元素含量均低于0.5%(质量分数),铜衬垫的使用对焊缝Cu元素含量影响不大。接头的力学性能测试结果显示,不同装配条件下得到的接头抗拉强度和冲击韧性差异较小,且拉伸试样均断裂在母材位置,热影响区的冲击韧性优于焊缝,而对口间隙和错边量的增加会降低接头的弯曲性能。 创新点： 研究了不同装配条件对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响,发现对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu元素含量的少量增加及接头弯曲性能的下降,而对接头的抗拉强度及冲击韧性无显著影响。     

焊后热处理对BB503钢焊接接头性能及组织的影响

对45mm厚的BB503钢板分别采用手工焊、CO2气体保护焊、埋弧自动焊进行焊接，对部分焊接接头进行了焊后去应力热处理。比较了不同工艺焊接接头的力学性能及显微组织的差异。结果表明，经于工焊和CO2气体保护焊焊接的BB503钢板的焊接性优于埋弧焊；焊后热处理消除了焊接接头中的残余应力，大幅度提高了接头各区的冲击韧度，综合力学性能显著提高。     

高强铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊缝成形机理

建立双脉冲VPPA(variable polarity plasma arc)焊接系统,进行7A52高强铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊接工艺试验,研究低频脉冲调制叠加高频脉冲对VPPA焊接过程中焊缝成形和焊缝力学性能的影响. 结果表明,低频脉冲周期性振荡液态熔池,可获得表面饱满的鱼鳞纹焊缝;高频脉冲使电弧更为集中,有效地提高了电弧能量密度,穿透力加强;双脉冲耦合振荡加强了对熔池的搅动作用细化了铝合金焊缝晶粒. 焊接接头抗拉强度达到384.13 MPa,相比VPPA焊接接头强度提高了10.21%左右;焊接接头断面收缩率和断后伸长率均有一定程度的提高. 铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊接工艺提高了焊接接头力学性能.     

Study of single side single pass submerged arc welding using reusable backing strip

Abstract

An attempt has been made to establish a submerged arc welding procedure that will enable the production of welded butt joints in thin steel plate, having proper fusion and reinforcement geometry in a single welding run. In this work, the combined effect of the basic welding parameters, i.e. voltage, current, and speed, along with the effect of thickness, on weld penetration have been studied. Also an attempt has been made to develop a flux filled reusable backing strip. In the present investigation submerged arc welding flux in its powdered form has been used without application of any external pressure and also without any additives. Experiments have been carried out extensively on 6 mm and 8 mm thick C–Mn steel plate specimens. This form of backing strip has shown great promise towards achieving single side single run welding. The welds achieved in this single side single pass welding process are not yet 100% satisfactory, however, the results indicate the feasibility of the process to achieve quality welds to meet relevant quality standards.     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of magnesium alloy AZ31B joint fabricated by resistance spot welding with cover plates

Abstract

The authors welded magnesium alloy AZ31B sheets using the technique of resistance spot welding with cover plates, and investigated the effects of welding parameters on the tensile shear strength of joints and shape characteristic of nugget. The joints with high tensile shear strength were obtained under relatively low welding current. The equiaxed grains with the many intragranularly precipitated particles Mg₁₇Al₁₂ in the nugget were observed.     

高强钢Domex700MC焊接工艺及接头性能分析

采用不同的焊接方法对高强钢Domex700MC进行焊接，分析了焊接接头的力学性能和金相组织。结果表明：用CO2＋Ar气体保护焊和埋弧焊2种焊接方法对高强钢Domex700MC进行焊接，其接头性能都满足要求，但用CO2＋Ar气体保护焊得到的焊接接头性能更优良。     

Evaluation of effects of niobium and manganese addition on nickel base weldments

Abstract

The present work investigates the influence of different concentrations of Nb (from 0.1 to 3.35 wt-%) or Mn (from 0.78 to 3.32 wt-%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Inconel 690 weldment. Welding electrodes are produced by coating Inconel filler metal 52 with a flux containing various percentages of Nb or Mn. Weldments with a bevel edge are butt welded via a manual shielded metal arc welding process, using identical parameters and procedures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting weldments are then analysed. The experimental results indicate that the subgrain structures of the welds are primarily dendritic. Under tensile testing, it is found that each specimen ruptures in the fusion zone and that the fracture surfaces exhibit entirely ductile features. It is noted that as the content of Nb increases, the welds tend to show a finer subgrain structure, i.e. having smaller dendritic spacing. Consequently, the tensile strength and microhardness of the fusion zone increase slightly and the tensile rupture mode changes from slant to flat fracture. It is determined that the interdendritic precipitates are mainly Nb rich eutectic type and Nb rich type constituents. The presence of these precipitates increases with higher concentrations of Nb in the flux and results in a significant decrease in the ductility of the weldment. Regarding the relative influence of the Mn additions, there appears to be no significant change in the subgrain structure as the percentage of Mn increases. However, the ductility tends to increase and it is also found that the tensile strength and microhardness of the fusion zone also increase slightly. Accordingly, the tensile rupture mode exhibits a slight tendency to change from flat to slant fracture. Although the interdendritic precipitates identified in the Mn series are similar to those in the Nb series, it should be noted that the precipitates appear in lower numbers and are smaller than their Nb counterparts.     

等离子弧焊Q345B和430不锈钢异种接头的微观组织与性能

摘要： 采用等离子弧焊对3 mm厚的Q345低合金钢与430不锈钢进行异种钢焊接,并对接头微观组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,当转弧电流为100 A时,等离子弧焊Q345B/430异种钢接头的焊缝组织为均匀分布的马氏体及针状铁素体,焊接接头综合性能优良。随着电流的增大,焊缝组织转变为粗大板条马氏体及铁素体。两侧热影响区组织均发生一定程度的粗化,且Q345B侧热影响区出现魏氏组织。焊接接头于焊缝处显微硬度最大,不同转弧电流条件下异种钢显微硬度分布趋势大致相同。不同转弧电流下,焊接接头抗拉强度均与430不锈钢相近,且均断裂在靠近焊缝的430母材侧,转弧电流为100 A时接头抗拉强度最大值427 MPa。焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能与焊接电流呈负相关趋势。 创新点： 试验结果为铁素体低合金钢与铁素体不锈钢异种钢接头的应用提供了工艺数据与支撑。     

Study of keyhole closure and analysis of microstructure and mechanical performance of weld joints for variable polarity vertical up plasma arc welding process

Abstract

Two technical approaches for keyhole closure were conducted. Workpieces of aluminium alloy 2219 were welded using variable polarity vertical up plasma arc welding technology. Effects of welding process parameters on keyhole closure were analysed. Appropriate technical criteria for keyhole closure in the welding of aluminium alloys (3 or 6 mm in thickness) via the variable polarity vertical up plasma arc welding technique were obtained. Experimental simulation of girth welding (overlap welding) was conducted using the appropriate process parameters for the keyhole closure stage of plate butt welding, and the feasibility of circumferential welding was verified. Accordingly, girth welding of the external tank of a carrier rocket was achieved using the appropriate parameters for the keyhole closure technique. In addition, the metallurgical process and mechanical performance for the single pass and overlap welds were analysed and compared.     

40MnB与16MnR异种钢的焊接性试验及工艺评定

40MnB是中碳合金结构钢,具有强度高、韧性好等性能,但其含碳量高,焊接性低,冷裂倾向大。16MnR属于低碳合金钢,具有良好的物理性能和工艺性能。两种钢在汽车上应用比较广泛。通过焊接接头无损检测、力学性能和组织金相分析,研究CO2气体保护焊40MnB和16MnR异种钢的焊接性能。结果表明,采用合适的焊接规范,所得的焊接接头各项性能良好,热影响区晶粒长大不严重,焊缝与母材熔合良好。     

Process and joint characterizations of laser-MIG hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy

High power laser-metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welding of AZ31 Mg alloys was studied. Microstructure and fracture surface of welded joints were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of welded joints were evaluated by tensile test. Under the optimal welding parameters, the stable process and sound joints were obtained. The tensile strength efficiency of welded joints recovered 84-98% of the substrate. It was found that the arc was compressed and stabilized by the laser beam during the hybrid welding. The compressed extent of arc column increased with laser power, and the process stability could be improved by increasing laser power and arc current or slowing welding speed. The arc stabilized mechanism in laser-MIG hybrid welding of Mg alloys was summarized in two factors. First, the laser keyhole fixes the arc root and improves the igniting ability of the arc. Second, the electromagnetic force is downward and increased by the laser-arc interaction, which prevents the overheating of the droplet and smoothes droplet transfer from the wire to the weld pool.     

Improvement of mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc and electron beam welded AA2219 (Al–6 wt-%Cu) alloy

Abstract

Despite its excellent weldability characteristics, AA2219 suffers from poor fusion zone strength under the as welded condition. In the present work, it is attempted to increase the mechanical properties of the as welded fusion zone of this alloy by increasing the weld cooling rates and multipass welding. The cooling rate was increased with the use of high intense heat source, namely electron beam in a pulsed current mode. Multipass gas tungsten arc welding was carried out using direct current straight polarity. These techniques resulted in a significant improvement in fusion zone hardness and tensile properties, which is attributed to reduced copper segregation and natural aging as well as aging caused by heat of multipass welding.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 12Cr1MoVG Tube Welded Joints With/Without Post-weld Heat Treatment

Small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless steel tube welded joints were fabricated in this study by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding techniques, then the microstructures, mechanical properties, and residual stress distributions of the joints with or without post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) were compared. The welded joints are mainly composed of bcc ferrite (F), Fe₃C, and M₇C₃ carbides. PWHT did not cause an apparent microstructure evolution in the joints, but promoted granular pearlite decomposition and growth of F grains and carbides, therefore decreasing the yield, tensile strength, and hardness while increasing the impact toughness and elongation of the welded joints. PWHT also released the circumferential residual stress and altered the stress state in the joint from tensile to compressive. Although the mechanical properties and bending performance of the small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless welded joints without PWHT are acceptable, our results show that the joints with PWHT are more reliable.     

不锈钢活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,对焊接电弧外形的变化,焊接电弧电压与活性剂之间的关系进行了研究,采用红外热像伪着色法测定了活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧温度场,并建立了活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧热流密度径向分布模型.研究结果表明,活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧收缩,弧尾翼消失,尾焰加大,电弧穿透力增强,电弧电压升高;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的温度分布比较紧凑,温度场外形窄,温度分布范围较集中,电弧径向温度梯度较大;电弧径向温度分布呈现正态Gauss分布模式;使用活性剂后的焊接接头性能与未使用活性剂焊接接头相当.     

贝氏体钢辙叉与U71Mn钢轨的焊接

采用 Gleeble 热模拟试验技术,确定贝氏体辙叉钢与 U71Mn 钢轨钢电阻对焊时热影响区的温度场分布及顶锻压力工艺参数;利用该参数在小型闪光焊机上进行小试件焊接试验,确定闪光焊接试验参数;利用 Gaas-100 次级直流闪光焊机对贝氏体钢辙叉与 U71Mn 钢轨进行整轨实际焊接,分析焊接接头拉伸、冲击、硬度分布等力学性能以及其组织结构.结果表明,贝氏体辙叉与钢轨闪光焊接的最佳顶锻压力为 30 MPa 左右,其焊接热影响区很小,焊接接头各项力学性能均达到了铁道部有关标准要求,贝氏体钢辙叉与 U71Mn 钢轨采用闪光对焊直接焊接是可行的.

Abstract：

The temperature field distribution of heat-affected zone (HAZ) in weld joints of bainite steel and U71Mn steel and the technical parameters of upset pressure of flash butt welding were determined by using the Gleeble thermal simulation test technology.After some small specimens of bainitic crossing steel and U71Mn rail steel were welded with a miniature flash butt welder by using the results of the parameters to determine the technical parameters of flash butt welding experiment, bainitic steel crossing and U71Mn steel rail were practically welded with Gaas-100 direct current flash butt welder. The mechanical properties, including tensile toughness, impact test and hardness,and the microstructure of welded joints were analyzed. The results show that the best upset pressure of flash butt welding is about 30 MPa, which the HAZ is very small, and the mechanical properties of the welded joint comes up to the standard of the Ministry of Railway. The welding bainitic crossing steel and U71Mn rail steel by flash butt welding is completely feasible.     

磁场和NiCl2联合作用下镁合金焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能

为了分析磁场和活性剂联合作用下镁合金焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能变化规律,采用A-TIG焊接AZ91镁合金,并在试验过程中引入纵向交流磁场,实现磁场和活性剂联合作用下镁合金的TIG焊接. 对不同活性剂涂覆量下焊接接头的成形性、物相组成、显微组织、力学性能进行检测,分析磁场和活性剂联合作用下电弧形态和熔池金属结晶形核特点,探讨其中的机理. 试验结果表明,磁场的引入对增加熔深、提高焊接效率产生负面影响,但是对提高焊接接头力学性能作用效果十分明显,在所选磁场参数下,活性剂涂覆量为3 mg/cm2时,焊接接头的成形状态和组织性能达到了最佳匹配,此时成形系数为2.38,焊缝抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为338 MPa和13.3%;磁场和活性剂的联合作用下,电弧呈螺旋下沉旋转运动,并带动熔池运动,改变晶体结晶条件,促进细小等轴晶形成和孪晶的出现,使得焊接接头的力学性能得到提升;同时,磁场的引入可以改变晶体的生长模式,晶体沿(0001)晶面出现择优生长现象.     

AH36船用钢板焊接接头力学性能分析

采用单一CO2气体保护焊,在不同的焊接工艺参数发冷却条件下,对船用AH36钢板的焊接接头力学性能进行了研究.试验结果表明,无论是自然冷却或在焊缝背面进行雾化水冷,接头力学性能均良好;当冷却条件相同时,焊缝层数增加,利于提高焊缝区的冲击韧性;在焊接工艺参数不变的条件下,焊缝背面进行雾化水冷,利于细化晶粒,提高焊缝的冲击韧性及抗拉强度,但是,过高的冷却速度导致接头的脆性增大.     

Low-pressure arc butt welding of 70 mm diameter pipe adapters made of AMg3+OT4 dissimilar alloys

The parameters of the technology of low-pressure arc butt welding 70 mm diameter pipe adapters in AMg3+OT4 dissimilar alloys are determined. Welding is carried out in modernized STYK-3 equipment using an improved welding procedure in which a transverse magnetic field is applied to the arc burning in the gap between the ends of the welded pipes. Equipment is fitted with an inverter arc power source. Taking into account the conditions of formation of welded joints by weldbrazing and restricting the temperature of the ends of the OT4 alloy to 850–1000°C, the wall thickness of the pipe blanks is selected and welding conditions determined. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints are investigated.     

304L/SA516Gr70不锈钢复合板焊接接头的组织与性能分析

针对304L/SA516Gr70不锈钢复合板,采用钨极氩弧焊方法并选用ER309L焊丝焊接覆层和过渡层,选用E5015焊条电弧焊焊接基层.对焊接接头进行拉伸强度等力学性能测试,结果表明,拉伸试样断裂于母材,焊接接头的抗拉强度达573.4 MPa,断口呈明显的韧性断裂;观察接头金相组织表明,过渡层焊缝组织为黑色的蠕虫状和...     

400MPa级超细晶粒钢电弧焊焊接接头组织与性能

采用普通电弧焊方法（手工电弧焊、二氧化碳气体保护焊、埋弧焊）对400MPa级超细晶粒钢进行焊接,并对不同工艺条件下的焊接接头的组织与性能进行了分析。结果表明,400MPa级超细晶粒钢电弧焊焊接接头热影响区存在着明显的晶粒长大现象;手工电弧焊和埋弧焊焊接接头性能明显下降,而二筘化碳气体保护焊焊接接头性能下降不明显。根据试验结果,实际生产中可以利用二氧化碳气体保护焊方法焊接400MPa级超细晶粒钢。