自由空间光通信系统中弱大气湍流引起的相位波动和强度闪烁对DPSK调制系统的影响

大气湍流是自由空间光通信链路系统的主要限制因素。大气湍流造成光束的强度闪烁和相位起伏。因此,基于MZI-DPSK调制,考虑大、小湍流尺度引起的强度闪烁和相位噪声对误码率的影响且强度闪烁满足逆高斯分布和相位波动满足高斯分布。利用分布式天线阵接收技术,研究了大气湍流下自由空间光通信链路的误码率性能,推导了在内外尺度下,分布式天线阵接收的误码率关于相位误差的函数表达式。为了提高误码率的性能,天线阵接收采用了最大比合并技术。仿真结果得出相位误差对误码率的影响很大;内外尺度对误码率的影响可以忽略不计。采用天线阵接收可以降低系统的误码率,提高通信系统的性能,且得出天线阵接收的最佳子天线个数。     

自由空间光通信系统中弱大气湍流引起的相位波动和强度闪烁对DPSK调制系统的影响

大气湍流是自由空间光通信链路系统的主要限制因素。大气湍流造成光束的强度闪烁和相位起伏。因此,基于MZI- DPSK调制,考虑大、小湍流尺度引起的强度闪烁和相位噪声对误码率的影响且强度闪烁满足逆高斯分布和相位波动满足高斯分布。利用分布式天线阵接收技术,研究了大气湍流下自由空间光通信链路的误码率性能,推导了在内外尺度下,分布式天线阵接收的误码率关于相位误差的函数表达式。为了提高误码率的性能,天线阵接收采用了最大比合并技术。仿真结果得出相位误差对误码率的影响很大;内外尺度对误码率的影响可以忽略不计。采用天线阵接收可以降低系统的误码率,提高通信系统的性能,且得出天线阵接收的最佳子天线个数。     

基于大系统方法的上行CDMA蜂窝系统性能分析

结合大尺度和小尺度衰落,采用大系统分析方法对CDMA蜂窝系统上行链路的性能进行分析。首先分析了小区内多址干扰和小区间干扰的情况;其次推导出了通过匹配滤波器后的信干噪比值,该值只与小区负载、用户功率、信道增益有关;最后分析了系统的误码率、吞吐量和频谱效率,并通过仿真验证了分析的准确性。仿真结果发现,随着小区负载的增大,系统的误码率增大,吞吐量下降,但频谱效率有所提高。     

两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的上行链路容量分析

首先在两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的基础上,提出了2种使用带外信道提高传统CDMA蜂窝系统上行链路容量的中继方法;然后通过分析传统无中继CDMA蜂窝系统的干扰功率,分别得到这2种中继方法对当前小区和邻居小区总的干扰功率;最后在一种对称小区模型的基础上,通过数值计算对两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的上行链路容量进行分析,并讨论了2种中继方法对系统性能所产生的影响.     

TD-SCDMA智能天线在收信中的应用

目前已发表的相关技术文献对智能天线在TD-SCDMA系统上行接收中是否真正用于空分多址众说纷纭,没有一种明确的说法,也很难用某种技术理论证明相关文献的正确性。文章给出了一种新方法用于计算CDMA系统解扩后的的信噪比,进而可以求得小区容量,用上述方法证明了TD-SCDMA智能天线在收信中只用作简单的8天线阵元分集接收时,也可达到满码道工作的性能要求。     

采用智能天线阵提高蜂窝移动通信系统容量

本文讨论了智能天线阵的基本原理，基于蜂窝移动通信系统的信道统计模型，分析了智能天线阵对其容量的改善并得到了相关的结论。     

CDMA20001X基站接收机灵敏度与蜂窝呼吸扩张的分析

从理论上分析推导了CDMA20001x系统基站接收机灵敏度的计算公式,并根据协议,分别计算了无分集接收和有分集接收的CDMA2000 1x系统基站接收机的灵敏度。提出了调整链路衰减和加入高斯白噪声实现小区蜂窝呼吸扩张的方法。通过对第一种方法的理论分析和测试结果表明:该方法能够更加便捷地实现小区蜂窝呼吸扩张,优化系统容量。所进行的分析和测试为基站的设计提供了理论依据和实际的参数要求。     

智能天线在宏蜂窝/微蜂窝分层CDMA网络中的应用

本文介绍了3G关键技术之一的智能天线在宏蜂窝／微蜂窝分层网络中的具体应用，并就分层CDMA网络中采用智能天线技术的特性，分析了对3G网络的性能改善和系统容量的提高。     

同信道干扰对多载波CDMA蜂窝系统下行信道的影响

该文主要讨论多载波CDMA蜂窝系统在下行信道中的同信道干扰问题,理论分析了同信道干扰的解析表达式,并通过计算机仿真得出了在一定的传播损耗下多载波CDMA蜂窝系统下行信道的性能。通过仿真发现,即使在有小区间同信道干扰情况下,通过简单的小区布置,多载波CDMA蜂窝系统下行信道就可以有很大的信道容量。     

智能天线CDMA2000系统下行链路性能分析

分析了在CDMA2000系统中,基站采用了智能天线后,对下行链路的业务信道的误码率的影响。研究中采用最小二乘解扩重扩多目标恒模算法(LS-DRMTCMA),仿真结果表明与全向天线相比较,采用了智能天线后的系统误码率性能有了显著的改善。     

Directional Diversity of Smart Antenna in LAS CDMA Systems

The performance of code division multiple access (CDMA) systems can be affected by small scale fading such as Rayleigh fading channel. In this paper, the application of smart antenna and Large Area Synchronous CDMA (LAS CDMA) systems, which introduce directional diversity channel, is presented. A novel interference cancellation scheme through dynamic space code (DSC) algorithm is briefly described. The directional diversity can be realized from the directional gain of smart antenna system. It can be found that when the number of elements in smart antenna is increase the directional gain of antenna system is much higher than single antenna. The system performance analysis in term of error probability is compared between traditional and LAS CDMA systems in both single and smart antenna systems. From the performance analysis it is found that CDMA system is more susceptible to multipath fading channel than interferences from existing users.

Performance analysis of cellular CDMA networks overfrequency-selective fading channel

An effect of multipath fading on the performance of a cellular code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is analyzed in this paper. A wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) channel model and the coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) with asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) spreading signal are assumed in the analysis. The average error probability for both the forward link and reverse link of a cellular CDMA system over a frequency-selective fading channel using a conventional correlation-type receiver and RAKE receiver are derived. The impact of imperfect power control and channel capacity of a cellular CDMA system is also investigated. The closed forms of average error probability derived in the paper can save a lot of computation time to analyze the performance and channel capacity of a cellular CDMA system. The analytical results show that the performance and maximum transmission rate of cellular CDMA systems degrade with an increase in the number of simultaneous users and the number of interfering cells. The signal-to-interface ratio (SIR) for the reverse link derived in this paper can directly describe the interrelationships among a number of paths, number of users, number of interfering cells, fading factors, and maximum variation of a received unfaded signal     

The performance evaluation of spatial–temporal algorithms in W‐CDMA systems

Differing from FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA, space division multiple access (SDMA) uses space resources to improve communication system performance. Utilizing the smart antenna system is an approach to realize the SDMA technique. Smart antenna systems using the beamforming technique can reduce the co‐channel interference and multipath fading to increase the channel capacity and communication quality. In this study the smart antenna system and rake receiver are integrated. The performance of spatial–temporal structure applied to the W‐CDMA system is evaluated. From the cumulative distribution function simulation results, W‐CDMA system with spatial–temporal algorithm can exactly provide SINR gain to improve the system performance and capacity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Combined multiuser detection and diversity reception for wirelessCDMA systems

Code division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques using interference cancellation are being explored for the capacity increase in third-generation universal mobile telecommunications systems. However, multipath fading is a major constraint on the performance of wireless CDMA systems, with multipath propagation worsening the effects of multiple-access interference, and fading on propagation paths leading to the near far problem. Multiuser detection, exploiting the knowledge of other users to cancel multiple-access interference, has the capability of eliminating the near far problem and providing a significant capacity increase in CDMA systems. On the other hand, diversity techniques effectively combat the fading effects of the channel. This paper investigates multiuser receivers that combine explicit antenna diversity, RAKE multipath diversity, and multipath decorrelating detection. Both coherent reception with maximal-ratio combining and differentially coherent reception with equal-gain combining are analyzed. The results demonstrate a significant increase in up-link capacity over the conventional RAKE receiver, at the expense of complexity. In the case of limited receiver complexity, where the number of correlators is less than the number of resolvable paths at the RAKE front-end, antenna diversity is shown to be effective in reducing residual multiple-access interference     

Performance analysis of linear multisensor multiuser receivers forCDMA in fading channels

Bit-error probability (BEP) analysis for linear multiuser receivers with multiple sensors in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels is presented. The analysis is applied to evaluate the BEP in antenna diversity reception and in a cellular CDMA system. Diversity and multiuser receivers are compared based on the examples. It is observed that adding new diversity antenna elements improves performance even if the correlation between the antenna elements is relatively large (up to 0.7). However, the large correlation values pose a significant reduction in the diversity gain in comparison to the zero correlation. It is also seen that the macroscopic diversity improves the performance of receivers significantly in cellular CDMA networks. When comparing diversity and multiuser receivers it is concluded that multiuser receivers are necessary to provide low BEPs. It is also highly beneficial to have at least two diversity antennas available, in particular, if there is no multipath diversity provided by the channel. The results also show that the reduction of intercell multiple-access interference yields a significant performance advantage in cellular networks. It is also demonstrated that the combination of spatial diversity and a multiuser receiver provides a significant receiver performance or system capacity gain in comparison to implementing only one of them     

Smart Antennas with Two-Dimensional Array Configurations for Performance Enhancement of a Joint Detection CDMA Mobile Radio System

Smart antennas for base stations of cellular mobile radio systems offer the potential of system performance enhancement by taking advantage of the directionally inhomogeneous signal reception at the receiver. In this paper, two-dimensional array configurations employed at the uplink receiver of a joint detection CDMA (JD-CDMA) mobile radio system are investigated. This smart antenna concept can be split up into a novel channel estimator and data detector which incorporate explicitely the information of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of signals emerging from users assigned to the considered base station. Proceeding from channel models that model the directional inhomogeneity of the mobile radio channel with single DOAs, the link level performance of a JD-CDMA mobile radio system using this smart antenna concept is evaluated for the rural propagation environment. The performance evaluation is based on Monte Carlo simulations of data transmission and average bit error rates versus the average signal to noise ratio per net information bit are presented for different array configurations. Although these results should be considered as upper bounds for the link level performance, they reveal the advantages of implementing two-dimensional array configurations at the uplink receiver of a JD-CDMA mobile radio system.     

Performance of antenna diversity multiuser receivers in CDMA channels with imperfect fading estimation

The performance of antenna diversity coherent and differentially coherent linear multiuser receivers is analyzed in frequency-nonselective Rayleigh fading CDMA channels with memory. The estimates of the complex fading processes are utilized for maximal-ratio combining and carrier recovery of the coherent multiuser receiver. To analyze the impact of channel estimation errors on the receiver performance, error probability is assessed directly in terms of the fading rate and the number of active users, showing the penalty imposed by imperfect channel estimation as well as the fading-induced error probability floor. The impact of fading dynamics on the differentially coherent decorrelating receiver with equal-gain combining is quantified. While performance of multiuser receivers at lower SNR is determined by both the fading dynamics and the number of active CDMA users, performance at higher SNR is given by an error probability floor which is due to fading only and has the same value as in a single-user case. The comparison of the two receiver structures indicates that the coherent decorrelating receiver with diversity reception may be preferable to the differentially coherent one in nonselective fading CDMA channels with memory.     

智能天线对CDMA蜂房系统容量的影响

在移动通信系统中,采用智能天线可以通过降低系统信噪比(SIR)来提高容量.基于CDMA蜂房小区系统的容量分析,讨论智能天线对系统容量的影响.     

多波束智能天线改善GSM系统中断率的研究

根据蜂窝概念和多波束智能天线的特点建立了基于多波束智能天线的同频干扰统计模型，在考虑瑞利一对数正态分布衰落的传播特性后，得出中断概率的表达式。并对现用于GSM蜂窝移动通信系统中的多波束天线进行了计算与仿真分析，结果表明多波束天线可有效降低GSM系统同频小区干扰的概率，改善系统通信中断率。     

Acquisition performance of CDMA systems with multiple antennas

This paper discusses the code-acquisition problem for preamble search in the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) uplink when multiple antennas are employed for signal reception. The multiple antennas are used either in the form of antenna array for beamforming or in the form of antenna diversity. The performance of a maximum-likelihood (ML) code-acquisition technique utilizing beamforming is analyzed by considering the detection, miss, and false-alarm probabilities. This analysis is based on the statistics of the CDMA noncoherent demodulator and beamformer output. In the case of a code-acquisition scheme utilizing antenna diversity, the probability density function of a decision variable is analytically derived for multiple antennas. The expressions for the probabilities of detection, miss, and false alarm are also presented. The acquisition performance and mean acquisition time for both code-acquisition techniques are numerically evaluated and compared. The code-acquisition approaches with multiple antennas are shown to provide much better performance than the corresponding scheme with a single antenna in a frequency-selective fading channel.