基于互质阵的循环平稳信号低复杂度欠定DOA估计算法

针对现有大多数循环平稳信号DOA估计算法复杂度较高、估计精度低无法实现对有用信号的欠定估计问题,提出了一种基于互质阵的循环平稳信号低复杂度、欠定DOA估计算法.算法的主要思想是利用互质阵良好的稀疏特性,通过矢量化处理构造虚拟阵列模型,扩展阵列孔径,实现阵列自由度的提升.首先,算法构造了互质阵输出的循环自相关矩阵,然后进行矢量化处理得到最大连续虚拟阵元部分,给出其谱峰搜索的表达式.最后,为降低计算复杂度,对算法进行改进,应用多项式求根的方法直接求解DOA估计值.仿真结果表明,所提算法能实现对有用信号的欠定估计,计算复杂度较低,且相比于大多数的循环平稳信号DOA估计算法,所提算法估计自由度和估计精度有了进一步的提升.     

An IDFT approach for coprime array direction-of-arrival estimation

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, efficiently estimating both the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and the source power with an increased number of degrees-of-freedoms (DOFs) is important but challenging. Aiming at this, we introduce the framework of coprime array signal processing into massive MIMO system and propose an efficient inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)-based DOA estimation algorithm in this paper. By implementing IDFT on the second-order virtual array signals characterized by the equivalent spatial frequency, it is proved that the resulting spatial response enables to effectively estimate both DOA and source power with an increased number of DOFs. Meanwhile, the window method and the zero-padding technique are sequentially considered to alleviate the spectral leakage phenomenon and improve the DOA estimation accuracy. Compared with the existing coprime array DOA estimation algorithms, the implementation of IDFT indicates a remarkably reduced computational complexity as well as the hardware overhead. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

互质线阵中一种基于共轭增广的DOA估计算法

论文开展互质线阵下的空间谱估计研究。通过利用信号二阶统计量的共轭增广特性,提出互质阵下基于共轭增广的酉旋转不变性进行信号参数估计 (Conjugate augmented unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique, CA-UESPRIT)波达方向(Direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法。该算法先利用不同时长间隔下接收信号的二阶统计量,构造共轭增广虚拟阵列以扩展阵列孔径和提高空间自由度。然后采用基于互质特性的联合UESPRIT算法实现DOA估计。相比于传统互质线阵下的联合UESPRIT算法,CA-UESPRIT算法DOA估计性能更优。此外,通过酉变换可以将ESPRIT算法的协方差矩阵从复数域转化到实数域,降低了复杂度的同时保证了测向精度。仿真结果证实了所提算法的有效性。     

基于最小冗余线阵的二维DOA估计方法

针对传感器阵列二维DOA估计中阵元数较多且阵元利用率较低的问题,提出了一种低阵元冗余的二维DOA估计方法.该方法通过在最小冗余线阵基础上添加两个导向阵元的方法,将最小冗余线阵的应用拓展到二维DOA估计.同时该方法利用多个时延的阵元输出共轭循环相关函数构造"伪数据阵",在时空域中等效出两个具有旋转不变性的平行子阵,进而运用DOA矩阵法估计信号二维DOA.该方法不仅避免了最优时延选择问题,继承了DOA矩阵法无需谱峰搜索且无需二维角度参数配对等优点.还用较少的阵元获得了较大的阵列有效孔径.仿真结果表明,该方法与CCDM算法相比具有更好的低信噪比适应能力和稳健性.     

基于四阶累积量的二维波达方向估计改进算法

利用四阶累积量的阵列扩展特性，将一排直线阵列和一个独立阵元扩展成一个特殊的虚拟双排直线阵列，它由三个子直线阵列构成，并且可计算出每个子直线阵列等效的协方差矩阵，然后结合传播算子方法，提出一种改进的二维波达方向估计算法。计算机仿真验证了该算法具有抗噪能力强、数值稳定性好等优点。     

基于COLD阵列的联合稀疏重构信号DOA估计方法

针对窄带和宽带两种情形,提出了一种基于同点正交磁环偶极子矢量天线（Co-centered orthogonal loop and dipole,COLD）阵列的联合稀疏重构信号波达方向（Direction-of-arrival,DOA）估计方法。该方法首先构造极化-空间域协方差矩阵,并对其第一列进行稀疏表示,在此基础上利用COLD阵列可视为相互垂直的磁环阵列和偶极子阵列这一特点,采用l2-范数约束下的凸优化（l1-范数）联合稀疏重构技术实现信号DOA估计。仿真实验表明,该方法较之现有方法具有分辨力高、估计精度高等优点。     

电磁矢量互质阵中基于降维Capon的DOA和极化估计算法

将传统电磁矢量均匀阵列推广为电磁矢量互质阵列,突破了阵元间距不大于半波长的限制。提出了电磁矢量互质阵列中基于降维Capon的波达方向（Direction of arrival,DOA）和极化联合估计算法。该算法无需假设已知极化信息,且只需一维搜索,避免了多维搜索,可实现DOA和极化参数自动配对;与相同阵元数的均匀阵列相比,明显提高了角度估计性能,并拓展了天线孔径,具有相对较高的自由度,且降低了运算复杂度。相同阵列及参数条件下,本文算法的角度估计性能优于ESPRIT算法和三线性分解算法。     

A variational Bayesian strategy for solving the DOA estimation problem in sparse array

This paper reformulates the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse array from a variational Bayesian perspective. In this context, we propose a hierarchical prior for the signal coefficients that amounts marginally to a sparsity-inducing penalty in maximum a posterior (MAP) estimation. Further, the specific hierarchy gives rise to a variational inference technique which operates in latent variable space iteratively. Our hierarchical formulation of the prior allow users to model the sparsity of the unknown signal with a high degree, and the corresponding Bayesian algorithm leads to sparse estimators reflecting posterior information beyond the mode. We provide experimental results with synthetic signals and compare with state-of-the-art DOA estimation algorithm, in order to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.     

虚拟阵列Khatri-Rao积与子空间联合稀疏表示的DOA估计方法

利用目标信号在空域分布的稀疏性,该文提出了一种基于虚拟阵列Khatri-Rao(KR)积与信号子空间联合稀疏表示的单快拍DOA估计方法;该方法利用单次快拍的采样数据,构造出双向虚拟阵列数据,并对虚拟阵列数据的协方差矩阵进行KR积变换处理,然后对向量化后的数据进行顺序重构,利用重构矩阵的大奇异值对应的左奇异向量为估计信号子空间;最后,利用凸优化工具箱对稀疏模型进行二阶凸规划的优化求解,得到高精度的DOA估计值;仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,在低信噪比下比传统MUSIC和OMP算法具有更高的估计精度。     

基于虚拟阵列变换的单通道接收机测向新方法

提出了一种改进单通道接收机波达方向估计的超分辨解决方案。该方法通过对任意阵列实施变换,将实际的传感器阵列扩展成多个具有不同阵列孔径的虚拟阵列,有效地增加了阵元数目,提高了空间谱估计的分辨率,增加了可检测信号源数目以及阵列的解相干能力。通过理论分析和仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性和优良性。     

利用块稀疏特性的压缩感知麦克风阵列声源定位

与传统声源定位算法如相位变换加权、时延累加定位不同,压缩感知麦克风阵列声源定位算法可将声源定位转化为稀疏重构问题从而获得较高的性能。但在实际应用环境下,由于远场声源自身指向性、空间混响等原因,声源方向向量往往呈现块稀疏度结构,导致采用传统稀疏恢复算法如正交匹配追踪算法（Orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP）等进行压缩感知定位性能下降。本文在压缩感知声源定位算法中引入块稀疏似零范数,以压缩感知为基本框架,采用块稀疏似零范数稀疏恢复进行声源方向向量的重构,获取声源的方位。实验结果表明,相较于传统声源定位算法和基于OMP的压缩感知声源定位算法,本文算法具有更高的定位精度。     

Joint direction of arrival estimation and array calibration for coprime MIMO radar

Compared to large-scale MIMO radar, coprime MIMO radar can achieve approximate estimation performance with reduced antenna number. In this paper, joint direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and array calibration for coprime multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is considered, and an iterative method for the estimations of DOA and array gain-phase errors is proposed. Based on the received data structure of coprime MIMO radar, trilinear decomposition is firstly adopted to obtain the estimations of transmit and receive direction matrices, which are perturbated by the gain-phase errors. Through equation transformation, the un-perturbated direction matrices and gain-phase errors can be iteratively updated based on Least squares (LS). Finally, the unique DOA estimation is determined from the intersection of transmit and receive direction matrices. The proposed algorithm achieves better DOA estimation and array calibration performance than other methods including estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT)-like algorithm, multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-like algorithm and joint angle and array gain-phase error estimation (JAAGE) method, and it performs close to the method with ideal arrays. Multiple simulation results verify the algorithmic effectiveness of the proposed method.     

混合MIMO相控阵雷达的交错稀疏阵列设计

针对常规的发射子阵分割会使混合MIMO相控阵雷达的孔径减小和馈电网络复杂度增加的问题,提出一种交错稀疏的发射子阵分割方法,通过寻求最大输出信干噪比的方式获得最佳的阵列结构.首先构建交错稀疏结构下的混合MIMO相控阵雷达模型,运用序列凸近似方法将非凸的目标函数转化为凸函数;然后通过凸优化分别求解出一维和二维混合MIMO相控阵雷达在阵元数目固定和阵元数目作为变量的情况下的最佳阵列结构;最后,通过仿真表明所提出方法不仅可以获得较大的信干噪比和较低的旁瓣电平值,且较常规的子阵分割方式能获得更高的波达方向估计精度.     

Covariance sparsity-aware DOA estimation for nonuniform noise

This paper reformulates the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for unknown nonuniform noise by exploiting a sparse representation of the array covariance vectors. In the proposed covariance sparsity-aware DOA estimator, the unknown noise variances can be eliminated by a linear transformation, and DOA estimation is reduced to a sparse reconstruction problem with nonnegativity constraint. The proposed method not only obtains an extended-aperture array with increased degrees of freedom which enables us to handle more sources than sensors, but also provides superiority in performance and robustness against nonuniform noise. Numerical examples under different conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

DOA estimation of mixed coherent and uncorrelated targets exploiting coprime MIMO radar

We propose a new scheme to estimate the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of mixed coherent and uncorrelated targets exploiting a collocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with transmit/receive coprime arrays. In the proposed scheme, the DOAs of the uncorrelated targets are first estimated using subspace-based methods, whereas those of the coherent targets are resolved using Bayesian compressive sensing. Compared with the previous works, the proposed approach achieves improved DOA estimation accuracy with a flexible coprime array configuration and may resolve more targets than the number of coarray elements. Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

基于声矢量阵小样本数据的DOA估计研究

根据水下目标在其到达方位(DOA)搜索空间的稀疏性,采用稀疏分解理论实现了小样本、低信噪比条件下的声矢量阵DOA估计。通过分析,构造出基于声矢量阵阵列流型形式的过完备原子库,并采用正交匹配追踪算法得到目标的DOA估计。通过仿真,基于稀疏分解的声矢量阵DOA估计算法对单快拍数据进行处理,即可得到比较准确的DOA估计结果。对湖试数据进行了处理,验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于原子范数最小化的二维稀疏阵列波达角估计算法

基于二维稀疏平面阵列的波达角(Direction-of-arrival,DOA)估计问题在第五代移动通信大规模多输入多输出阵列的应用中日益重要。无网格稀疏重构技术促进了DOA估计问题的发展,原子范数理论则使得DOA估计的超分辨率得到进一步的提高。文中研究了多个方向的频谱稀疏信号入射到二维稀疏阵列时的DOA估计问题。为了准确、成对地识别出所有入射信号的仰角和方向角,提出了一种基于多个测量矢量(Multiple Measurement Vectors,MMV)的二维原子范数算法,并用半正定规划进行求解。所提算法将二维DOA估计问题中的压缩感知理论从单个测量矢量拓展到多个测量矢量,从而有效利用MMV的联合稀疏性。数值仿真结果表明,随着MMV矢量的增长,可识别的信源个数增加,稀疏阵列中物理传感器所占比例降低到30%,DOA估计误差也显著降低,并且在信噪比增大时,所提算法能够取得很好的收敛效果。     

Real-valued DOA estimation for a mixture of uncorrelated and coherent sources via unitary transformation

This paper presents a novel real-valued DOA estimation method to handle the scenarios where both the uncorrelated and coherent sources coexist. More specifically, an augmented matrix is constructed and then transformed into a real-valued version for the DOA estimation of uncorrelated sources by utilizing the unitary transformation, which allows an extension of the effective array aperture. Afterwards, an oblique projection operator is employed so that the contributions of the uncorrelated sources are removed. Finally, a real-valued coherent augmented matrix is constructed to estimate the remaining coherent sources. In addition, the fading coefficients are estimated by adding penalties to a constraint quadratic minimization problem, which guarantees the stability of the solution. Compared with the existing partial real-valued and complex-valued DOA estimation methods for a mixture of uncorrelated and coherent sources, the proposed method offers favorable performance in terms of both estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, our method makes it possible to resolve more sources than the number of sensors. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and notable performance of the proposed method.     

Block rank sparsity-aware DOA estimation with large-scale arrays in the presence of unknown mutual coupling

With the development of massive multiple-input mutiple-output (MIMO) technique, high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has attracted great attention. A novel sparse signal reconstruction method based on the inherent block rank sparsity of the sub-matrix is proposed for high resolution DOA estimation with large-scale arrays under the condition of unknown mutual coupling. In the proposed method, by taking advantage of the banded symmetric Toeplitz structure of the mutual coupling matrix (MCM), a novel block representation model is firstly formulated by parameterizing the steering vector. Then, exploiting the inherent block sparsity characteristics of the sub-matrix, a reweighted nuclear norm minimization algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the sparse matrix, in which the weighted matrix is designed by using the spectrum of MUSIC-Like algorithm. Finally, the DOAs are achieved by searching the non-zeros blocks of the recovered matrix. The proposed method not only makes full use of the block rank sparsity characteristics of the sub-matrix and weighted matrix for enhancing the sparse solution, but also avoids the array aperture loss. Thus, the proposed method has superior estimation performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms under the condition of unknown mutual coupling. Especially, in the case of large-scale antennas, the advantage of the proposed method is more obvious. Some computer simulation results are performed to verify the advantage of our proposed method.     

A sparse direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm for MIMO radar in the presence of gain-phase errors

In this paper, the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with gain-phase errors is addressed, by using a sparse DOA estimation algorithm with fourth-order cumulants (FOC) based error matrix estimation. Useful cumulants are designed and extracted to estimate the gain and the phase errors in the transmit array and the receive array, thus a reliable error matrix is obtained. Then the proposed algorithm reduces the gain-phase error matrix to a low dimensional one. Finally, with the updated gain-phase error matrix, the FOC-based reweighted sparse representation framework is introduced to achieve accurate DOA estimation. Thanks to the fourth-order cumulants based gain-phase error matrix estimation, and the reweighted sparse representation framework, the proposed algorithm performs well for both white and colored Gaussian noises, and provides higher angular resolution and better angle estimation performance than reduced-dimension MUSIC (RD-MUSIC), adaptive sparse representation (adaptive-SR) and ESPRIT-based algorithms. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.