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《冶金设备》2017,(3)
基于ANSYS软件建立了310mm×360mm断面大方坯连铸过程二维凝固传热数学模型,通过窄面射钉试验及铸坯表面测温对模型的准确性进行了验证,模拟了不同碳含量的高碳耐磨球钢大方坯宽面和窄面凝固坯壳的生长。结果表明模型能精确地获得不同工况下任意位置凝固坯壳的厚度分布、凝固终点位置及铸坯中心固相率;发现不同碳含量的高碳耐磨球钢具有相同的凝固规律:结晶器弯月面至二冷区出口,相应的铸坯柱状晶区凝固坯壳厚度与凝固时间的平方根呈线性关系,符合平方根定律,并对平方根定律进行了修正,修正项与过热度有关;二冷区出口至凝固终点,相应的铸坯等轴晶区凝固坯壳厚度与凝固时间的平方根呈非线性关系,不再符合平方根定律。 相似文献
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超低碳钢常用于生产汽车面板等表面质量要求较高的产品.连铸坯皮下的钩状坯壳很容易捕集夹杂物导致冷轧钢板表面出现翘皮、亮/暗线等缺陷,对产品质量具有严重危害.采用数值模拟分析了钩状坯壳的形成和演变过程.将计算的初生坯壳形状制作成物理模型,模拟了夹杂物在凝固前沿被捕集的过程,并对凝固钩区域不同位置的夹杂物的受力特征进行了分析.结果表明,凝固钩在弯月面中形成以后,不会直接湮没进坯壳内,而是要经历熔化、变粗、生长、湮没等逐步演变的过程.数值模型预测拉速1.3 m·min-1条件下最终存留在坯壳中的凝固钩深度约为2.5 mm,这与实际观察到的钩状坯壳的尺寸基本一致.模拟得到的钩状坯壳形貌与铸坯表层和漏钢坯壳的金相特征较为接近.夹杂物最容易在凝固钩下表面被捕集,不容易在凝固钩上表面被捕集,特别是对尺寸相对较大的夹杂物.但是溢流发生时,靠近弯月面处的夹杂物可能随着钢流进入到初生凝固钩上部而被快速冷却的钢液包裹.两道凝固钩之间的坯壳由于其凝固前沿处于垂直分布,小于100 μm夹杂物可能被捕集而大尺寸夹杂物不易被捕集. 相似文献
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在连铸机辊列矫直段,带液芯铸坯的坯壳同时受钢水静压力与矫直力的作用,坯壳固液交界面处的矫直应变与鼓肚应变发生叠加。如果总应变超过临界值,就会发生内裂。确定矫直区坯壳固液交界面处的应变与应变速率,对铸机辊列设计与工艺参数的设定有重要的意义。基于高温坯壳力学特性,建立了连续矫直理论中铸坯坯壳变形的数学模型。利用该模型计算坯壳鼓肚变形,并与实测数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性。根据某厂由奥钢联设计的工业板坯连铸机的辊列参数,利用该模型计算铸坯横截面的应变与应变速率。最后分析了不同辊间距与不同拉坯速度情况下矫直区内铸坯坯壳固液交界面处的应变速率变化规律,结合不同钢种的临界应变速率得到铸机矫直段辊间距的取值范围。 相似文献
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连铸结晶器出口处坯壳的安全坯壳厚度对连铸生产的安全顺行、铸坯产品的质量及结晶器长度的设计都有很重要的影响。以特大断面700mm×700mm连铸方坯为基础,通过建立坯壳的三维计算模型对结晶器出口处坯壳厚度进行研究,应用有限元模型计算了不同厚度坯壳的应力分布情况,通过铸坯表面应力分布与材料屈服极限来判断不同厚度坯壳模型是否处于安全生产状态,确定保证安全生产的坯壳厚度的极限值。研究结果表明,坯壳厚度在26mm时表面应力达到屈服极限,随着坯壳厚度增加,铸坯表面应力减小并逐渐远离屈服极限,考虑坯壳生长的不均匀性,讨论了用来修正安全坯壳厚度的安全系数,对于本模型安全系数适用1.46,修正后坯壳的安全平均厚度38mm。 相似文献
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A numerical model for calculation of temperature and thermal stress in initial steel shell in plate and grooved slab continuous casting moulds was established to predict the influence of steel carbon content on the temperature and stress fields. The calculated results show that the temperature non-uniformity and surface stress of the initial shell increase as the steel temperature decreases. Among the steel grades with carbon contents of 0.06, 0.17, 0.45 and 0.80 wt-%, the initial shell surface stress of steel with 0.17 wt-% (peritectic steel) is the highest. In the grooved mould the temperature non-uniformity and surface stress of the initial shell are significantly lower than those in the plate mould. At 1.7 s after initial shell formation, the non-uniformity of shell surface temperature and stress in the grooved mould are four to nine times and three to nine times, respectively, lower than those in the plate mould. 相似文献
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宝钢圆坯连铸提高拉速生产实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了圆坯连铸提速的生产实践和取得的效果.对于包晶钢,尝试通过提高拉速来改善结晶器壁与坯壳间换热的均匀性,从而降低这类钢种的漏钢率.对于石油套管、钻杆类钢种,经过3个阶段的工作,成功将平均拉速提高到2.6 m/min,而且产品的内部质量有所提高.连铸拉速提高后,有了降低中间包过热度的可能,平均过热度下降达5 K.随着拉速的提高,VD成为产线生产的瓶颈.经试验,即使VD高真空时间缩短5 min,VD后的[H]仍可达到1.5×10-4%,同时发现,VD脱氮率与高真空保持时间无相关关系.于是VD处理时间成功缩短5 min,满足产线的节奏要求. 相似文献
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Matthew L. S. Zappulla Lance C. Hibbeler Brian G. Thomas 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2017,48(8):3777-3793
Thermal–mechanical analysis of solidification is important to understand crack formation, shape problems, and other aspects of casting processes. This work investigates the effect of grade on thermal–mechanical behavior during initial solidification of steels during continuous casting of a wide strand. The employed finite element model includes non-linear temperature-, phase-, and carbon content-dependent elastic–viscoplastic constitutive equations. The model is verified using an analytical solution, and a mesh convergence study is performed. Four steel grades are simulated for 30 seconds of casting without friction: ultra-low-carbon, low-carbon, peritectic, and high-carbon steel. All grades show the same general behavior. Initially, rapid cooling causes tensile stress and inelastic strain near the surface of the shell, with slight complementary compression beneath the surface, especially with lower carbon content. As the cooling rate decreases with time, the surface quickly reverses into compression, with a tensile region developing toward the solidification front. Higher stress and inelastic strain are generated in the high-carbon steel, because it contains more high-strength austenite. Stress in the δ-ferrite phase near the solidification front is always very small, owing to the low strength of this phase. This modeling methodology is a step toward designing better mold taper profiles for continuous casting of different steels. 相似文献
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以低碳钢和中碳钢为研究对象,围绕不同连铸工艺参数对方坯初始凝固行为的影响,利用CA-FE耦合模型模拟实际连铸过程结晶器内方坯的初始凝固行为,考察拉速和过热度对方坯出结晶器坯壳厚度的影响,对比二者出结晶器横截面枝晶微观形貌.研究表明:过热度和拉速增加均能使出结晶器坯壳厚度下降,而拉速的影响更为显著.不同钢种在相同条件下出结晶器坯壳厚度下降梯度不同.过热度越低柱状晶越致密细小,利于提高连铸坯质量,拉速对柱状晶的影响相对较小.由于出结晶器坯壳安全厚度限制,过热度取15℃,低碳钢拉速不能超过2.2 m·min-1,中碳钢拉速不能超过2.5 m·min-1,据此针对不同钢种设计不同拉速可提高连铸效率.同时,模型结果显示低碳钢出结晶器时刻柱状晶更为发达. 相似文献
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分析得出,棒材表面细小纵裂纹和表面裂口缺陷产生于铸坯加热之前,且与结晶器弯月面保护渣有关。利用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算15CrMoG钢凝固相变过程,结合亚包晶钢连铸凝固特点综合分析15CrMoG钢棒材表面缺陷的产生原因和产生机理。结果表明:15CrMoG钢在固相线温度附近发生包晶反应L+δ→γ和包晶转变δ→γ,不仅导致初生坯壳生长不均匀,而且加剧P、S元素在凝固前沿的偏析。而初生坯壳不均匀是导致棒材表面缺陷根本原因。棒材表面细小纵裂纹产生于结晶器内坯壳薄弱处,经过二冷和轧制工序在夹杂物和硫偏聚处扩展长大。棒材表面裂口缺陷是初生坯壳不均匀导致结晶器内液面波动大,造成铸坯夹渣所致。通过控制[C]0.16%~0.17%、[S]≤0.005%、保护渣碱度1.2、熔点≥1200℃、粘度≥1.0Pa·s,260 mm×30mm铸坯水量150 m3/h,拉速0.5 m/min等措施,裂纹合格探伤合格率由原45%提高至98%。 相似文献
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亚包晶钢连铸过程中常出现表面纵裂质量问题,与其在结晶器内较大高温相变收缩引起的初生坯壳不均匀生长密切相关,其纵裂纹敏感性可由包晶特征点计算出的包晶转变率判定。利用Factsage热力学计算软件研究钢种常见合金元素对Fe-C二元平衡相图中包晶特征点的影响,回归得到包晶特征点的预测公式。基于预测公式,可准确判断一定成分钢种的亚包晶范围,从而指导实际连铸生产中保护渣的选择。研究表明,通过合理的成分微调可有效降低包晶转变率,降低亚包晶钢高温相变收缩程度,甚至改变凝固模式变为过包晶模式,从而大大降低连铸坯纵裂纹敏感性。 相似文献
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A coupled finite-element model, CON2D, has been developed to simulate temperature, stress, and shape development during the
continuous casting of steel, both in and below the mold. The model simulates a transverse section of the strand in generalized
plane strain as it moves down at the casting speed. It includes the effects of heat conduction, solidification, nonuniform
superheat dissipation due to turbulent fluid flow, mutual dependence of the heat transfer and shrinkage on the size of the
interfacial gap, the taper of the mold wall, and the thermal distortion of the mold. The stress model features an elastic-viscoplastic
creep constitutive equation that accounts for the different responses of the liquid, semisolid, delta-ferrite, and austenite
phases. Functions depending on temperature and composition are employed for properties such as thermal linear expansion. A
contact algorithm is used to prevent penetration of the shell into the mold wall due to the internal liquid pressure. An efficient
two-step algorithm is used to integrate these highly nonlinear equations. The model is validated with an analytical solution
for both temperature and stress in a solidifying slab. It is applied to simulate continuous casting of a 120 mm billet and
compares favorably with plant measurements of mold wall temperature, total heat removal, and shell thickness, including thinning
of the corner. The model is ready to investigate issues in continuous casting such as mold taper optimization, minimum shell
thickness to avoid breakouts, and maximum casting speed to avoid hot-tear crack formation due to submold bulging. 相似文献
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低碳包晶钢连铸工艺设计及纵裂纹控制 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
重点论述了低碳包晶钢连铸时的特殊性引发的连铸坯裂纹问题,分析了此类纵裂纹缺陷的特点及产生原因,根据武钢三炼钢厂在低碳包晶钢纵裂控制方面的生产实践,提出了浇铸低碳包晶铸钢时的连铸工艺控制技术,取得了显著成效。 相似文献