表面热功能结构制造领域的发展及关键技术

正等离子体电解氧化技术以等离子体液相烧结理论为基础,通过阳极化反应并形成相转化,在轻金属表面生成具有特殊微观结构的氧化膜。通过氧化膜纳米孔阵列微结构可控,使氧化膜的耐蚀性、     

印刷电解法制备具有可控微纳结构的防结霜铜金属功能表面

目的提出一种在金属表面制备可控的微纳结构的方法,改善金属表面的疏水性。方法利用丝网印刷快速制备可控微细图案,电解加工快速加工出微细结构,化学氧化法制备出纳米结构,从而成功地在铜表面制备了具有微米纳米复合结构的超疏水表面。在此过程中,首先通过丝网印刷辅助电解加工制备有序微圆柱阵列,然后利用化学氧化在微圆柱表面制备纳米结构,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角来表征铜表面的超疏水性能,用质量变化法研究了铜表面的抗结霜性能。结果丝网印刷的圆形掩膜直径为140~160μm,电解加工后,圆柱直径为130~140μm,高度为15μm左右。SEM测试结果表明,用15wt%FeCl_3溶液进行蚀刻,在铜表面出现了圆柱阵列的微纳复合结构。用氟硅烷乙醇溶液改性微纳复合结构圆柱阵列铜表面时,最大接触角为155°,表现出超疏水性能。抗结霜测试表明,所测试的超疏水表面的抗结霜性能显著增强。结论印刷电解法可以制备出形状和尺寸可控的微结构,对微结构进一步处理可得到微纳复合结构。该结构可以构成超疏水表面,且具有抗结霜性能。     

微细阵列结构电子束加工试验研究

基于电子束曝光基本理论和工艺原理,以涂覆有PMMA抗蚀剂的石英玻璃为研究对象,采用电子束曝光制备微细阵列结构,研究不同工艺参数对曝光微细阵列孔和阵列槽结构的影响.结果表明,在PMMA薄膜厚度250 nm、曝光剂量400 pAs/cm2、显影时间120 s的条件下,可制备出直径2μm的阵列微孔结构;在PMMA薄膜厚度225 nm、曝光剂量500 pAs/cm2、显影时间90 s的条件下,可制备出宽度1μm、间距50μm的阵列微槽结构.     

固态纳米孔高能束制造方法

固态纳米孔因具有机械性能好、稳定性强、形状易控的优点,在基因检测、蛋白质检测、能量转换、物质分离以及水净化等领域显示出巨大的潜力,并引起众多研究人员关注。其中,形状可控、高效的固态纳米孔制造技术是现实固态纳米孔应用的前提。目前,在常见的固态纳米孔制造方法中,高能束制造方法具有高效率、高精度、高可控制造的优势。本文重点概述高能电子束、聚焦离子束、激光刻蚀法和离子径迹刻蚀法等4种固态纳米孔制造方法及其基本原理,并讨论上述方法的优缺点及其大规模可控制造的可行性。     

可控合成一维金银合金多孔纳米结构(英文)

报道了一种基于纳米晶体生长及表面修饰技术制备一维金银合金多孔纳米管的合成方法。实验采用多元醇热反应制备多种直径的银纳米线为前驱物模板,通过调控银线尺寸、表面修饰、热扩散、脱合金工艺等实验参数获得结构可控的一维金银多孔纳米结构。运用多种测试方法观察了无孔纳米管、多孔纳米管、多孔纳米线等多种一维结构的孔分布及连续结构。     

倾斜生长法制备表面增强拉曼散射基底及其应用

基于贵金属纳米结构表面增强拉曼散射可实现物质的痕量检测。主要介绍了基于倾斜生长法对Ag纳米棒阵列的可控制备,及其应用于痕量物质的检测,并通过主成分分析法和偏最小二乘回归法建立了痕量物质的半定量和定量分析。     

钛合金阳极氧化法制备自组装纳米多孔结构薄膜

钛及钛合金在含有F-离子的电解液中阳极氧化,可自组装制备出有序TiO2纳米多孔或纳米管阵列薄膜,这类纳米阵列膜材料具有极大的内比表面积和优异的电子传输性能,可以用作纳米结构制备模板、高灵敏度传感器、染料敏化太阳能电池等。以TLM钛合金为阳极氧化的基片,通过改变阳极氧化电压、钛合金相结构,找到了制备纳米多孔阵列的参数,通过条件试验发现,在恒电压小于30V时,经时效处理的TLM钛合金表面可以制备得到合金元素掺杂的TiO2纳米多孔结构薄膜。     

一维钨纳米结构阵列的可控制备

采用金属催化法结合化学气相沉积法制备一维W纳米结构阵列,对一维W纳米结构阵列可控制备进行系统的研究。结果表明:一维W纳米结构阵列的直径主要受到催化剂和N_2流量的影响,随着催化剂颗粒尺寸的减小或者N_2流量的减小,催化生长后W纳米线直径的尺寸也相应变小;一维W纳米结构阵列的长度主要受到生长时间的影响,生长时间的延长会使W纳米线阵列的长度也相应的增加,有利于超长W纳米线阵列的合成;一维W纳米结构阵列的密度主要受到催化剂和WO_3粉末粒径的影响,随着催化剂颗粒的密度的增加或者WO_3粒径的减小,W纳米线阵列的密度也相应增加;一维W纳米结构阵列的形貌主要受到生长温度和基片材料的影响。     

激光蒸凝法制备不同形貌的锌纳米晶

以锌粒或醋酸锌为靶材,以单模100 W CW CO2激光器为光源,采用激光蒸凝法在氢气气氛下制备出不同形貌的锌纳米晶.研究了反应参数对纳米晶形貌的影响,并用X射线衍射、透射电镜、电子衍射和EDTA滴定分析技术对纳米晶的性质进行表征,同时对纳米晶的形成机理进行了探讨.实验结果表明,靶材的种类、反应压力、反应气体的流量等因素对纳米晶的粒度和晶型等性能均有影响.通过改变实验参数,可以得到不同性质的锌纳米晶,从而实现锌纳米晶的可控制备.     

水热法制备高定向掺铝氧化锌纳米棒阵列

为了制备高定向光电性能优异的掺铝氧化锌(ZAO)纳米棒阵列,采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备掺铝氧化锌薄膜,以ZAO薄膜为种子层,通过控制掺铝量、稳定荆等工艺参数,采用水热法制备出了高定向ZAO纳米棒阵列.实验表明,铝掺杂量为2%,直径在50nm左右的ZAO纳米棒阵列薄膜具有最好的光致发光性能,表面活性剂可以促进ZAO纳米结构的棒状生长,形成高定向ZAO纳米棒阵列.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.