西米替丁治疗急性胃肠炎146例临床观察

目的评价西咪替丁治疗急性胃肠炎的临床疗效。方法急性胃肠炎146例。治疗组采用西米替丁0.4g加入5%葡萄糖250mL静脉滴注,每日2次。左氧氟沙星0.2g静脉滴注,每日2次。对照组单用左氧氟沙星0.2g静脉滴注,每日2次。疗程均为3d。结果治疗组总有效率93.2%。对照组总有效率68.5%。结论西米替丁治疗急性胃肠炎疗效确切。     

镇痛活络酊结合西药治疗类风湿性关节炎临床疗效观察

目的观察镇痛活络酊结合西药治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法观察对象134例,随机分为镇痛活络酊结合西药组68例、西药对照组66例。两组患者均给予萘普生0.1g,每日3次口服;雷公藤片2片,每日3次口服;氨甲蝶呤10～15mg加生理盐水20mL稀释后静推,治疗组再加用含有镇痛活络酊的垫片固定于患处15min,每天3次。15d为1个疗程,两组均治疗3个疗程后观察结果。结果镇痛活络酊结合西药组显效40例,有效20例,总有效率88%。与对照组相比有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论镇痛活络酊结合西药治疗类风湿性关节炎疗效较高,安全性好。     

厄贝沙坦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性观察

目的分析厄贝沙坦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效和安全性。方法 120例原发性高血压患者随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,观察组给予口服厄贝沙坦150mg,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg复方片剂,每日1次。对照组给予口服厄贝沙坦l50mg,每日1次。2组患者均连续服药8周,运用统计学方法比较2组治疗的降压效果。结果观察组治疗后总有效率为93.7%,明显高于对照组的总有效率73.7%(P<0.05);2组肝肾功能未见明显异常。结论厄贝沙坦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压降压效果显著,安全性好,值得推广。     

穿琥宁粉针剂治疗小儿急性感染性疾病的临床观察

目的观察穿琥宁粉针剂在治疗小儿急性感染性疾病中的临床效果。方法选择120例小儿急性感染性疾病病例,分为治疗组和对照组。2组均为重症上呼吸道感染28例、急性胃肠炎10例、急性支气管肺炎10例、急性细菌性痢疾6例、流行性腮腺炎6例。对照组采取传统方法治疗,治疗组在传统方法治疗的基础上加用穿琥宁粉针剂进行肌注或静脉滴注,每日2次,共7d。结果治疗组的总有效率为83.3%,对照组的总有效率为58.3%。结论穿琥宁粉针剂在小儿急性感染性疾病的临床治疗中,具有令人满意的疗效,并且副作用极小。因此,值得在临床治疗当中推广。     

夫西地酸软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮临床观察

目的观察夫西地酸软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮的临床疗效和安全性。方法寻常型痤疮82例,随机分为2组。治疗组42例,外用夫西地酸软膏,每日1次,外用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶,每晚1次,连用8周;对照组40例,外用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶,每晚1次,连用8周。停药后观察其疗效。结果治疗组基本痊愈16例,显效14例,总有效率为71.4%;对照组痊愈7例,显效12例,总有效率为47.5%。2组结果经统计学处理,χ2=4.878,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论夫西地酸软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶是治疗寻常型痤疮的有效方法之一,值得临床推广应用。     

鸡蛋内皮局部治疗褥疮的临床疗效观察

目的探讨鸡蛋内皮在治疗褥疮中的临床疗效。方法选择40例骶尾部褥疮患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。2组均用安尔典和生理盐水清理患处,无菌纱布擦干后,治疗组将消毒鸡蛋内皮平铺于患处后用无菌服帖覆盖患处,对照组用无菌服帖覆盖患处。结果治疗1个疗程后,治疗组总有效率为95%,对照组为85%,治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用鸡蛋内皮局部治疗褥疮效果好,优于传统的消毒期待疗法。     

立止血治疗上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的观察立止血局部和全身同时给药治疗新生儿消化道出血的疗效。方法诊断为上消化道出血的新生儿47例,随机分为观察组27例和对照组20例。观察组在综合治疗的基础上加用立止血0.5 KU经胃管内注入,同时用立止血0.5 KU静推,根据出血情况,每日各1～2次,连用1～3 d。对照组加用止血敏125 mg 10%GS30～50 mL静脉滴注,每日1次,连用3～5 d。结果观察组总有效率为97%,对照组总有效率为77%;两组止血效果比较,经Ridit分析,差别有显著意义(P<0.01;观察组和对照组平均所需止血时间(用中位数表示)分别为1.5 d、3 d。结论立止血是治疗新生儿上消化道出血的简单、方便、安全、有效的药物之一,值得临床推广应用。     

黛力新联合美常安治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)疗效观察

目的观察黛力新、美常安联合治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)的疗效及毒副反应。方法144例肠易激综合征(IBS)随机分成3组,3组病例具有可比性,治疗组50例,予黛力新10.5mg,每日2次,美常安2粒,每日3次;单用黛力新组46例,口服黛力新10.5mg,每日2次;单用美常安组48例,口服美常安2粒,每日3次。治疗4周后3组进行疗效比较。结果治疗组总有效率94%,单用黛力新组总有效率80.4%,单用美常安组总有效率75%,治疗组与对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),单用黛力新组总有效率与单用美常安组相比,差异无显著性。3组患者均未发现明显的不良反应。结论黛力新、美常安联合治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)有较好疗效,毒副作用小,值得临床推广应用。     

中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法采用随机、双盲和1:1平行对照的试验方法。将60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。2组皆用西医常规治疗,其中治疗组在西医常规治疗的基础上加用中药,水煎服,每日1剂,15d为1个疗程。观察喘息症状的变化及肺部哮鸣音的消减情况。结果治疗组喘息症状及肺部哮鸣音的消减总有效率为93.33%(28/30例),对照组总有效率为73.32%(22/30例),2组治愈率与总有效率比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效显著优于单纯西医治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。     

莫匹罗欣软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮临床观察

目的观察莫匹罗欣软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常型痤疮的临床疗效和安全性。方法寻常型痤疮60例,随机分为两组。治疗组30例,外用莫匹罗欣软膏,每日1次,外用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶,每晚1次,连用8周;对照组30例,外用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶,每晚1次,连用8周。停药后观察其疗效。结果治疗组痊愈11例,显效13例,总有效率为80%;对照组痊愈6例,显效10例,总有效率为53.3%。两组结果经统计学处理,χ2=4.8,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论莫匹罗欣软膏联合阿达帕林凝胶是治疗寻常型痤疮的有效方法之一,值得临床推广应用。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。