基于量子蚁群算法的网格任务调度研究

任务调度策略是网格计算的核心问题。在系统任务调度和资源分配中,提出一种基于量子蚁群算法的任务调度策略。算法将量子计算与蚁群算法相融合,通过对蚁群进行量子化编码并采用量子旋转门及非门操作,实现对任务自适应启发式的分配和优化。算法有效增强了种群的多样性、克服了遗传算法和蚁群算法的早熟收敛和退化现象。仿真实验中,分别与基于遗传算法和基于蚁群算法的任务调度策略相对比,结果表明算法有效缩短了任务调度的时间跨度,增强了网格系统的性能。     

智能建筑室内环境分布式可计算WSN任务调度研究

针对智能建筑室内环境下并行计算的动态任务调度问题,构建了基于分布式CPS思想的无线传感器网络(WSN)模型,并分别设计了基于可计算复杂性的任务分配策略和基于动态调度算法的任务调度策略。通过先将任务分配成若干个子任务,采用多带图灵机输入任务,由合适的计算节点进行计算,形成有向无环图,再按调度优先级排列任务,形成任务调度序列表,依序处理任务,从而达到了将任务分配、调度和执行相结合的目的。实验结果表明该策略可有效减少智能建筑室内环境分布式可计算WSN分布运行时任务之间的通讯时间和等待时间,同时提高了任务调度的成功率,最终优化系统的运行效率。     

基于时间负载均衡蚁群算法的云任务调度优化

针对云渲染系统中渲染节点与任务不匹配调度而带来的时间负载不均衡和耗时长的问题,提出一种基于时间负载均衡的任务调度方式来优化系统耗时的策略.该算法采用Min-min与Max-min相结合的思想,建立时间负载均衡模型进行前期迭代,将迭代结果作为蚁群算法的初始序列,并按照适应度规则计算出相应的初始信息素,同时通过单一变量法确定合理的参数,蚁群算法采用已有的初始资源和参数值进行后期迭代,根据标准量度自定义函数进行高效寻优,进而求得最终的任务调度序列.仿真结果表明,本策略既具有较高的搜索效率和较强的全局寻优能力,又能有效降低任务完成时间,且在时间负载均衡和寻优速度方面均显著优于蚁群算法和蚁群退火算法.     

蚁群算法在教育资源分布式共享系统中的应用

针对教育资源分布式共享系统中资源中心和用户任务之间的调度问题,建立该类问题的通用调度模型,讨论基于蚁群算法的任务调度机制,实现资源中心和用户任务间的优化匹配方案.仿真实验表明,该方法具有较好的稳定性和有效性,减少用户任务完成时间,提高系统服务效率.     

异构多核计算系统的Codelet任务调度策略

Codelet数据流计算模型在处理大规模并行计算任务时效果显著,但该模型目前缺少在异构多核环境中的任务调度策略。因此,提出了一种在异构多核环境下基于蚁群算法的Codelet任务调度策略。该调度策略将启发式算法与蚁群算法相融合,在发挥各自优势的同时克服了启发式算法不能得出最优解的缺陷以及蚁群算法初始信息匮乏的问题。实验结果表明,智能蚁群任务调度策略相比Codelet运行时系统中原生的动态调度和静态调度策略具有更高的执行效率。     

混合算法在网格任务调度中的应用研究

研究网格任务优化调度问题,针对需求的复杂和网格系统具有异构性和动态性,导致网络任务调度过程相当困难.传统调度算法调度效率低、资源负载不平衡.为了提高任务调度效率,降低资源负载不平衡性,提出一种混合的网格任务调度优化算法.首先采用遗传算法全局搜索能力快速形成初始解,然后将遗传算法的调度结果作为蚁群算法的初始信息素分布,最后利用蚁群算法所正反馈性机制迅速地形成任务调度的最优解.仿真结果表明,混合算法减少网格任务调度系统任务完成时间,提高了任务调度效率,为网格设计提供了依据.     

云环境下基于偏好的资源公平分配策略

资源分配策略是云计算领域的一个重要研究热点,其主要目标是同时考虑云用户和云提供商双方的利益,有效满足系统用户和任务的公平性,同时尽可能达到系统资源的充分利用。考虑到云环境中的用户需求各异,每个用户的任务请求数量不同,各个任务的资源需求也不同,设计了一种基于偏好的公平分配策略FABP,并给出了用户优先级和任务优先级的定义。实验分析表明,该算法不仅能缩短平均任务调度时间,而且还可以保证任务调度过程中用户和任务的公平性,实现综合资源利用率的最大化。     

一种快速网格任务调度策略

网格任务调度目标有很多,如用户要求任务轮转时间短、花费代价小,而资源提供者希望资源利用率高等,这些目标相互冲突,因此网格任务调度不仅是一个NP难问题,而且是一个多目标优化问题.本文根据网格环境下任务的时间相关性特点,对传统蚁群算法进行了改进,提出了一种快速网格任务调度算法.该算法不仅解决了网格调度中多目标优化问题,而且依据任务调度历史信息生成蚁群算法的初始信息素分布,提高了蚁群算法的求解速度.     

基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度策略

为提高异构CMP任务调度执行效率,充分发挥异构CMP的异构性和并行能力,提出一种基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度算法--IACOTS。IACOTS算法首先建立任务调度模型、路径选择规则和信息素更新规则,使蚁群算法能够适用于异构CMP任务调度问题。同时通过采用动态信息素更新、相遇并行搜索策略和引入遗传算法中的变异因子对基本的蚁群算法进行优化,克服蚁群算法搜索时间过长和“早熟”现象。通过仿真实验获得的结果表明,IACOTS算法执行效率优于现有的遗传算法,完成相同的任务需要的迭代次数最少,能有效降低程序执行时间,适用于异构CMP等大规模并行环境的任务调度。     

改进蚁群算法在云计算任务调度中的应用

针对云计算中的任务调度问题,提出了一种任务调度的增强蚁群算法(task scheduling-enhanced ant colony optimization,TS-EACO).算法兼顾了任务调度的最短完成时间和负载平衡,同时参考了近年来蚁群算法的各种改进,创新地将任务在虚拟机上的一次分配作为蚂蚁的搜索对象.实验在CloudSim仿真平台下进行,并将仿真结果与Round Robin算法和标准蚁群算法进行比较,结果表明TS-EACO算法的任务执行时间和负载平衡性能均优于这两种算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.