光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料研究进展

综述了光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料方面的研究进展。介绍了光化学固定法的原理，指出光化学固定法优点：不会影响高分子材料的本位性能，可基本保持所固定的生物分子的活性，还可以设计材料表面改性区域，经改性的高分子材料可获得良好的生物相容性和多种优良的生物医学应用性能。重点阐述了光化学固定法在提高医用高分子材料的生物相容性方面的应用。     

光化学氧化技术处理印染废水研究进展

介绍了几种操作简单、效果较好的光化学氧化处理工艺:UV/O3法、光助Fenton法和光催化氧化法,探讨了该领域存在的问题、研究的热点与方向,并时光化学氧化工艺处理印染废水的前景进行了展望.     

光化学合成维生素D2和D3

综述了光化学法合成维生素Ｄ２和Ｄ３的研究进展。     

饮水中氯化消毒副产物的去除途径

在饮用水的氯化消毒过程中将产生有害的三卤甲烷等副产物，本文着重介绍了吸附法、光化学法等几种去除方法。     

Mo(V)掺杂纳米TiO2的光化学活性封闭及表征

为了封闭TiO2的光化学活性，降低TiO2光敏性，提高它在使用介质中的耐候性，本实验分别用两种方法制备了钼掺杂的纳米TiO2样品，并用XRD和TEM对样品进行表征，所得样品均为锐钛矿型，颗粒尺寸在50nm以下。通过紫外屏蔽性能测试和光化学活性测定实验，结果表明，共沉淀法掺杂和负载法掺杂均能降低纳米TiO2的光化学活性，并且共沉淀法所制样品的紫外屏蔽能力优于负载法所制样品的紫外屏蔽能力，这对纳米Ti02能较好地应用于化妆品、涂料工业具有重要意义。     

用于铀酰离子检测的光化学分析传感器研究新进展

随着全球变暖和能源问题的出现,对于核能这种清洁能源的开发和应用越发深入和广泛。铀作为一种核原料非常宝贵,然而以铀为主的核废料因其高放射性和生物毒性对人类的生命健康产生了威胁,因此如何实现对其痕量检测成为了人们关注的焦点。光化学传感器由于分析迅速、灵敏度高,能够及时检测排查铀等放射性元素。因此,研发拥有高选择性、高灵敏度和可重复使用的铀酰光化学检测传感器就显得尤为重要。本文主要阐述了近年来基于光化学技术的铀酰检测传感器的前沿进展,其中光化学技术主要包括紫外可见分光光度法（UV-vis）、荧光（fluorescence）分光光度法、表面增强拉曼散射法（SERS）等,并讨论了其各自检测特性,分析了优势与不足之处,初步探讨了光化学传感技术测铀的发展趋势及方向,为进一步设计铀酰光化学检测传感器提供了参考。     

饮水中氯化消毒副产物的去除途径

在饮用水的氯化消毒过程中将产生有害的三卤甲烷等副产物，本文着重介绍了吸附法，光化学法等几种去除方法。     

Fenton法在水处理中的发展趋势

回顾了Fenton法在光化学与电化学两个方面的发展历程,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了阐述。     

高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用进展

介绍了臭氧氧化法、光化学氧化法、催化湿式氧化法、电化学氧化法和芬顿氧化法等高级氧化技术的反应机理和研究现状。系统总结了各种高级氧化技术的应用进展,并对高级氧化技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

光化学研究进展综述

主要对生物光化学、海洋光化学、环境光化学等进展进行综述,并对光化学应用和发展前景进行展望,提出了今后的重点研究方向.     

Stability and activity of chymotrypsin immobilized on magnetic nanogels covered with carboxyl groups

α‐chymotrypsin as model enzyme was anchored to the carboxyl‐functionalized magnetic nanogels prepared by in situ photochemical polymerization. Furthermore, to explore the optimum immobilization, the effects of immobilization time, pH of the reaction mixture, and proportion of enzyme to the magnetic nanogels were studied. The immobilized enzyme was stable in the presence of enzyme denaturation surfactants, and maintained their activity against protein‐digesting enzyme. The immobilized enzyme exhibited hydrolysis activity against the substrate of casein, and cleaved the substrate into small fragments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to improve hemocompatibility

Thrombus formation and blood coagulation are serious problems associated with blood contacting products, such as catheters, vascular grafts, artificial hearts, and heart valves. Recent progresses and strategies to improve the hemocompatibility of biomaterials by surface modification using photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization are reviewed in this paper. Three approaches to modify biomaterial surfaces for improving the hemocompatibility, i.e., bioinert surfaces, immobilization of anticoagulative substances and biomimetic surfaces, are introduced. The biomimetic amphiphilic phosphorylcholine and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence are the most effective and most often employed biomolecules and peptide sequence for improving hemocompatibility of material surfaces. The RGD sequence can enhance adhesion and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) on material surfaces and increase the retention of ECs under flow shear stress conditions. This surface modification is a promising strategy for biomaterials especially for cardiovascular grafts and functional tissue engineered blood vessels.     

Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to improve hemocompatibility

Thrombus formation and blood coagulation are serious problems associated with blood contacting products, such as catheters, vascular grafts, artificial hearts, and heart valves. Recent progresses and strategies to improve the hemocompatibility of biomaterials by surface modification using photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization are reviewed in this paper. Three approaches to modify biomaterial surfaces for improving the hemocompatibility, i.e., bioinert surfaces, immobilization of anticoagulative substances and biomimetic surfaces, are introduced. The biomimetic amphiphilic phosphorylcholine and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence are the most effective and most often employed biomolecules and peptide sequence for improving hemocompatibility of material surfaces. The RGD sequence can enhance adhesion and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) on material surfaces and increase the retention of ECs under flow shear stress conditions. This surface modification is a promising strategy for biomaterials especially for cardiovascular grafts and functional tissue engineered blood vessels.     

A photochemical method for immobilization of azidated dextran onto aminated poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces

BACKGROUND: Dextran, a bacterial polysaccharide, has been reported to be as good as poly(ethylene glycol) in its protein‐rejecting and cell‐repelling abilities. In addition, the multivalent nature of dextran is advantageous for surface grafting of biologically active molecules. We report here a method to photochemically bind dextran hydrogel films to aminated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces in aqueous media using a heterobifunctional crosslinker, 4‐azidobenzoic acid. In order to achieve this, dextran was first functionalized with the crosslinker using carbodiimide chemistry followed by photo‐crosslinking and immobilization onto the nucleophile‐rich aminated PET surfaces. RESULTS: The presence of the immobilized dextran on PET was verified by attenuated total‐reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The grafted surface was highly hydrophilic due to the heavily hydrated polysaccharide network on the surface as demonstrated by the near zero water contact angle. CONCLUSION: A photochemical method for surface immobilization of dextran onto aminated PET using aryl azide chemistry is a facile technique to generate highly hydrophilic and more hemocompatible surfaces. The aryl nitrenes generated by photolysis produce a metastable, electron‐deficient intermediate, azacycloheptatetraene, which is believed to be responsible for the simultaneous crosslinking of dextran and its immobilization onto the aminated PET surface. The aryl azide chemistry reported here for dextran could be useful as a versatile technique for surface modification of other nucleophile‐rich polymers to create dextran‐ or similar polysaccharide‐immobilized surfaces. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bioorthogonal chemistry for site-specific labeling and surface immobilization of proteins

Understanding protein structure and function is essential for uncovering the secrets of biology, but it remains extremely challenging because of the high complexity of protein networks and their wiring. The daunting task of elucidating these interconnections requires the concerted application of methods emerging from different disciplines. Chemical biology integrates chemistry, biology, and pharmacology and has provided novel techniques and approaches to the investigation of biological processes. Among these, site-specific protein labeling with functional groups such as fluorophors, spin probes, and affinity tags has greatly facilitated both in vitro and in vivo studies of protein structure and function. Bioorthogonal chemical reactions, which enable chemo- and regioselective attachment of small-molecule probes to proteins, are particularly attractive and relevant for site-specific protein labeling. The introduction of powerful labeling techniques also has inspired the development of novel strategies for surface immobilization of proteins to create protein biochips for in vitro characterization of biochemical activities or interactions between proteins. Because this process requires the efficient immobilization of proteins on surfaces while maintaining structure and activity, tailored methods for protein immobilization based on bioorthogonal chemical reactions are in high demand. In this Account, we summarize recent developments and applications of site-specific protein labeling and surface immobilization of proteins, with a special focus on our contributions to these fields. We begin with the Staudinger ligation, which involves the formation of a stable amide bond after the reaction of a preinstalled azide with a triaryl phosphine reagent. We then examine the Diels-Alder reaction, which requires the protein of interest to be functionalized with a diene, enabling conjugation to a variety of dienophiles under physiological conditions. In the oxime ligation, an oxyamine is condensed with either an aldehyde or a ketone to form an oxime; we successfully pursued the inverse of the standard technique by attaching the oxyamine, rather than the aldehyde, to the protein. The click sulfonamide reaction, which involves the Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction of sulfonylazides with terminal alkynes, is then discussed. Finally, we consider in detail the photochemical thiol-ene reaction, in which a thiol adds to an ene group after free radical initiation. Each of these methods has been successfully developed as a bioorthogonal transformation for oriented protein immobilization on chips and for site-specific protein labeling under physiological conditions. Despite the tremendous progress in developing such transformations over the past decade, however, the demand for new bioorthogonal methods with improved kinetics and selectivities remains high.     

酶定向固定化方法及应用的研究进展

传统固定化方法常会导致酶活性大幅度下降,回收率较低,而酶定向固定由于固定化后可完全暴露其活性部位,因而可以保持较高的酶活回收率。本文主要综述了定向固定化酶的两种方法,分别为共价定向固定和非共价定向固定。其中非共价定向固定化主要是抗体与抗原、亲和素/链霉亲和素和生物素以及组氨酸标签与Co2+/Ni2+之间的亲和作用;共价定向固定化主要是通过半胱氨酸残基上的巯基与载体作用。简述了其在生物传感器、分子识别、酶生物燃料电池及酶纯化方面的应用。最后指出今后的主要研究方向为探索新的定向固定化标签以降低对酶活性部位的影响,应用新的载体以提高固定化酶酶活回收率,优化固定化过程及简化固定化步骤等。     

城市光化学烟雾的形成机理与防治

介绍了氮氧化物、碳氢化合物在形成光化学烟雾中的作用和臭氧、过氧乙酰硝酸酯产生的过程,并介绍了光化学烟雾的形成机理。提出了光化学烟雾的3种防治措施。     

酶生物传感器中的胆碱酯酶固定化技术

乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)是一种重要的工具酶,酶的固定化技术研究已成为酶工程的重要组成部分。综述了酶固定化技术发展概况,介绍了酶生物传感器中酶的固定化方法、固定化技术、乙酰胆碱酯酶固定化所用载体及固定化技术的研究进展。     

Acetone in the Urban Atmosphere: A Study in Denver,Colorado

We report 4-h average concentration data for acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and carbon monoxide measured in downtown Denver, Colorado, USA from January through December 1993. The correlations between these carbonyl compounds and CO measurements suggest that motor vehicles are a significant source for all three carbonyls, particularly during the winter. The diurnal character of the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde suggests that there is at least a small net photochemical source for these compounds during the summer. The diurnal character of the acetone concentration suggests that there is a significant net photochemical source for acetone during the summer. An analysis of the initial photochemical production and loss processes for these carbonyls under typical atmospheric conditions suggests that the production and loss processes for formaldehyde nearly balance. This same analysis for the other carbonyls suggests that there should be a large net photochemical source for both acetaldehyde and acetone. Such a large photochemical source is not observed for acetaldehyde. Acetone is relatively unreactive in the atmosphere on a timescale of urban or regional interest. Thus, atmospheric measurements of acetone concentrations may serve as a useful indicator of the photochemical age or degree of photochemical processing of an air mass.