镀锌层附着性分析

近年来，镀锌板在工业上得到了广泛应用。镀锌产品的质量主要决定于镀层的粘附性，粘附性不良将导致镀锌层开裂和脱落。采用不同的工艺参数对10种规格的钢板进行了镀锌，采用弯曲法对镀层的粘附性进行了试验，结果表明，镀锌层粘附性的好坏与镀液成分和镀层厚度有关。     

改良森吉米尔热镀锌工艺在攀钢的应用

介绍了攀钢改良森吉米尔法热镀锌工艺及生产实绩 ,简要分析了轧后带钢表面清洁度对热镀锌产品表面质量和镀层粘附性的影响。由此采取在镀锌前增设清洗段等措施 ,提高了镀锌产品的表面质量和镀层粘附性。     

预处理工艺对热轧带钢免酸洗还原热镀锌的影响

为研究预处理工艺对热轧带钢免酸洗还原热镀锌镀层的影响,在实验中分别对钢板进行喷射预处理和平整预处理,并在工业环境下进行免酸洗还原热镀锌试制。采用扫描电镜观察镀层的表面和断面形貌,同时采用"0T"弯曲实验检测镀层的粘附性。结果表明:经过平整后的镀锌板虽然表面平整、光滑,但是锌层与基板的界面处有一层较厚的氧化铁皮,导致锌层与基体的粘附性较差。同时在界面处的氧化铁皮也起到了阻挡锌层和钢基体的合金化作用,避免了Fe-Zn复合相的产生,最终形成的镀锌层为纯锌相。经1次喷射预处理与2次喷射预处理后的镀锌板尽管表面较为粗糙,但由于在锌层与基板的界面处残留的氧化铁皮较薄,从而锌层与基体之间的粘附性较好,弯曲面没有发生镀层脱落甚至是开裂的现象。     

超声波对热浸镀锌的影响

研究了超声波介入对热浸镀锌的镀层组织和性能的影响。结果表明大功率超声使镀层中不出现脆性的Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ金属间化合物层,镀层组织致密表面光滑,可显著地提高镀层的粘附性,变形性和耐蚀性。     

热镀锌铝稀土及锌镍合金镀层性能的研究

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段分析了我院研制的Zn-5%Al-RE、Zn-Ni合金镀层的性能。实验表明,Zn-5%Al-RE、Zn-Ni合金镀层比纯Zn镀层有极优异的耐腐蚀性能和成形加工性;极薄的合金相层是合金镀层粘附性好的主要原因;镀液中合金元素的加入是提高耐腐性能的重要因素。     

双脉冲Ni-Al2 O3复合镀层在氯化物盐膜下的腐蚀

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪(EDX)对双脉冲法制备的几种Ni-Al2O3复合镀层经高温氧化后的形貌和物相进行分析.结果表明,复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下均发生了加速腐蚀,表面腐蚀膜疏松且与基体的粘附性较差;Al2O3微粒能细化镀层晶粒,提高镀层的高温抗腐蚀能力,在试验范围内,镀层中的Al2O3微粒含量越高,镀层腐蚀速度越低,并对复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下的腐蚀机制进行了探讨.     

双脉冲Ni-Al2 O3复合镀层在氯化物盐膜下的腐蚀

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪（EDX）对双脉冲法制备的几种Ni-Al2O3复合镀层经高温氧化后的形貌和物相进行分析。结果表明,复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下均发生了加速腐蚀,表面腐膜疏松且与基体的粘附性较差;Al2O3微粒能细化镀层晶粒,提高镀层的高温抗腐蚀能力,在试验范围内,镀层中的Al2O3微粒含量越高,镀层腐蚀速度越低,并对复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下的腐蚀机制进行了探讨。     

带钢入锌锅温度对连续热镀锌层的影响

在带钢连续热镀锌工业化生产过程中,向锌液中添加少量Al,采用不同带钢入锌锅温度进行连续热镀锌。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对热镀锌镀层的形貌、相结构和成分进行分析,研究带钢连续热镀锌过程中带钢入锌锅温度对镀层的影响。结果表明,带钢连续热镀锌过程中,向锌液中添加少量Al可使钢基板和锌镀层间形成Fe-Al中间层,抑制Fe-Zn合金层的形成,提高镀层的粘附性;而带钢入锌锅温度显著影响Fe-Al抑制层的结构,进而影响Fe-Zn合金层厚度,并最终影响镀层性能;对于试验钢DX51来说,当锌液中铝含量为0.18%,锌液温度为475 ℃时,带钢最佳入锌锅温度为495 ℃,此时镀层具有良好的粘附性。     

带铝硅镀层硼钢板的热冲压成形性(英文)

采用Gleeble-3500获得了带Al-Si镀层硼钢板的流动行为,并与无镀层板进行比较;在光学显微镜下观察变形条件对表面镀层完整性的影响;在SEM下观察了带Al-Si镀层硼钢板试样的断口形貌。结果表明,带Al-Si镀层硼钢板的抗拉强度和伸长率在试验条件下均低于无镀层板的。热拉伸变形后,硼钢表面Al-Si镀层产生了大量的裂纹,其宽度和密度对变形温度和应变速率较敏感。镀层的开裂导致基体裸露并氧化,降低了镀层的粘附力。断口形貌观察显示镀层与基体具有较明显的成形性差异。可以通过奥氏体化调控Al-Si镀层中富铁韧性相的相转变来增强其成形性。     

热浸Zn-Ni合金镀层技术的研究与应用

综述了近年来国内外热浸Zn-Ni合金镀层技术（Techn igalva）的研究及生产应用现状.与常规热镀Zn层相比,在Zn浴中加入约0.04～0.09%的Ni获 得的镀层厚度适宜,外观更光亮、平滑,并有较好的耐蚀性和粘附性.     

热镀锌影响因素综述

论述了热镀锌原板化学成分、带钢表面状态、锌液成分、锌液温度和带钢入锌锅温度对热镀锌钢板镀层性能及表面状态的影响。     

Development of an improved tube galvanizing process by prior metallic coating

Tube galvanizing is a very old and important process industrially. One of the significant process steps in tube galvanizing is the use of flux materials on cleaned tubes for temporary protection before dipping into the liquid zinc bath. However, the fluxing operation is somewhat hazardous and also causes zinc loss by dross and ash generation. An attempt has been made here for the first time to replace fluxing operation by applying a thin metal flash coating on clean tubes prior to galvanizing. The galvanized tubes are then characterized by SEM and EDS to find out the coating thickness and evolved phases. The galvanized tubes are subjected to corrosion tests and coating adhesion tests. The results are very encouraging confirming the presence of desired phases along with excellent corrosion resistance of these tubes.     

热镀锌渣回收利用工艺研究进展

热镀锌技术是目前钢铁材料防腐蚀的一种有效方法,但是在热镀锌过程中会产生大量热镀锌渣。热镀锌渣是溶解在锌液中的Fe与锌液中的Zn或Al在高温条件下生成的金属间化合物。热镀锌渣中含有大量金属锌,是一种使用价值极高的二次锌资源。但是热镀锌渣不能直接用于工业生产,需要对其进行回收处理。目前,热镀锌渣的回收利用工艺可大致分为火法和湿法。详细介绍了这两种热镀锌渣回收利用工艺的机理及研究进展,阐述了现有热镀锌渣回收工艺中的熔析熔炼法、蒸馏法、真空蒸馏法、化学法和电解法的工艺原理,并对这几种回收提纯工艺的特点进行了总结。阐明了不同回收工艺获得最终锌产品的特点和工艺过程中所用设备的差异。通过对火法和湿法两种回收工艺进行比较,进一步分析了现有锌渣回收处理工艺的优缺点。最后提出综合利用现有锌渣回收工艺的优点,研发新型、高品质、低能耗、高效率、环保的回收工艺是热镀锌渣回收处理技术未来的发展趋势。     

Zur Wirkung von Zusätzen zur Zinkschmelze auf die Schichtbildung beim Feuerverzinken

About the effect of melted zinc mass additives on the formation of layers during hot galvanizing The influence of various melted zinc mass additives on the galvanizing behaviour of steels is examined by way of comparison. The mechanisms influencing the formation of layers are very different. In case tin is added, a material barrier of enriched tin develops in the zinc coating, which inhibits the iron transport. The mechanisms of Ni, Ti and Al in the melted zinc mass are explained by means of a new theory on the formation of layers, which is based on the influence of the growth of layers via hydrogen escaping from the steel surface during hot galvanizing. This behaviour makes it clear why the single melted mass additives only have a layer‐thickness reducing effect on steels with very definite Si contents. The different inhibitions of the growth of the layer during hot galvanizing are discussed.     

批量热浸镀锌工艺机理的研究现状

热浸镀锌是钢铁材料户外长效防护的最佳选择。传统的调整参数、试加合金等“试错法”难以满足现代制造业的发展,故全面、完整的热浸镀锌机理研究已迫在眉睫。针对我国批量热浸镀锌产量大、重经验轻理论、技术落后、污染严重等特点,从镀层的形成机理、镀层的合金化机理、锌浴液态特征等方面综述分析了批量热浸镀锌工艺理论的研究现状和不足,指出了基体和锌浴界面之间的相互作用、合金元素添加的可预测性、浸镀后表面粘附锌液层的结晶、锌浴液态特征等研究的重要性。建议从以下几个方面完善热浸镀锌机理：加强基材离开锌浴至冷却结晶结束这一阶段镀层组织结构的演变研究;在研究镀层合金化机理的同时,注重合金化镀层的应用推广,尤其是加强低合金高强钢的热浸镀锌研究;重视并加强锌浴表面张力、流动性、结晶特性的液态特征研究和数据积累;在形层机理研究的基础上,结合工艺参数进行镀层的预设计及镀层预控制研究。     

Die Feuerverzinkung siliziumhaltiger Stähle – Problem und Lösungsmöglichkeiten

Hot dip galvanizing of silicon containing steels – the problem and some attempts to its solution Hot dip galvanizing of silicon containing steels, which are increasingly used today, involves the danger of very thick, poorly adherent, unsightly zinc coatings forming on the steel surface. Quite a number of attempts have been made to prevent this drawback. Chemical surface treatments of the steels to be galvanized did not yield the desired success, whilst mechanical surface treatments by shot blasting gave positive results in certain cases only. Galvanizing in the upper temperature range of conventional working practice (475–485 °C) appears appropriate for steels containing 0.15–0.20% Si, whereas low-temperature galvanizing at 430–440 °C using conventional galvanizing baths should be universally applicable provided that suitable methods are found for pre-heating parts of larger dimensions. Galvanizing with inhibited attack of the zinc caused by small additions of aluminium (less than 0.2%) did not yield coating thicknesses independent of the Si content of the steel. High-temperature galvanizing at more than 530 °C gives satisfactory coatings irrespective of the Si content of the steel; saturation of the galvanizing bath with iron should, however, be avoided. Low-temperature galvanizing at less than 430 °C is possible on principle, provided that the melting point of the zinc is reduced by adding alloying elements such as tin (10–30%), magnesium (3%), or aluminium (4–5%). However, tin is expensive, magnesium deteriorates the wetting properties of the steel, and aluminium requires a very careful pre-treatment, the coatings obtained exhibiting low thicknesses and dependency on the Si content of the steel with iron-saturated baths. Galvanizing with reduced zinc concentrations in zinc-saturated lead baths gave zinc coatings independent of the Si content, while currentless galvanizing in zinc-saturated salt baths was not successful.     

热浸镀锌合金技术的发展与应用

综述了国内外关于热浸镀锌合金技术的最新发展.研究表明,锌浴中同时加入Ni和Bi的热镀锌效果较常规锌浴及Zn-Ni合金浴更佳;锌浴中加入适量的Sn可抑制高含硅量(大于0.25%Si)的钢材镀层的异常生长,其抑制机理是由于Sn在Fe-Zn合金相层生长前沿会形成一层连续层,从而阻碍了Fe-Zn相层生长。文中还介绍了Zn-Sn-Ni-Bi、Zn-Sn-V(Ni)以及Al-Sn-Bi合金技术的实际应用情况.      

去除助镀剂中铁盐的工艺研究

钢管酸洗经水冷后，其表面仍粘附有铁盐。热镀锌时，粘有铁盐的钢管进入助镀剂中浸涂，会将铁盐带入助镀剂中，直接影响镀层的质量及性能，增大锌耗量。为去除助镀剂中的铁盐，降低锌耗，采用正交设计方案，研究并寻找出影响铁盐去除的主要因素，确立了较为可行的工艺方法。