Brazeability of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-20Cu-based filler metals

The bond strength of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy brazed with Al-12Si, Al-9.6Si-20Cu, and Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn filer metals at a low temperature of 550°C is evaluated. The fractography of these brazements after tensile tests was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that joints with good integrity can be produced with Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn filler metal because it can be used in a temperature range of 504 to 526 °C, about 70 °C lower than the traditional Al-12Si filler metal. It was shown that joints of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy as the base metal, when brazed at 550 °C for 60 min using this new filler metal and ward, and after being subjected to a T6 treatment, possessed a high bonding strength of about 121 Mpa.     

Brazing of 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V using Al-Si-Cu-Ge filler metals

Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge and mixed rare-earth elements (Re) containing Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re filler metals were used for brazing of 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V. The addition of 20 wt.% copper and 10 wt.% germanium into the Al-12Si filler metal lowered the solidus temperature from 586 °C to 489 °C and the liquidus temperature from 592 °C to 513 °C. The addition of 0.1 wt.% rare-earth elements into Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge alloy caused remarkable Al-rich phase refinement and transformed the needle-like Al₂Cu intermetallic compounds into block-like shapes. Shear strengths of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V joints with the two brazing filler metals, Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge and Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re, varied insignificantly with brazing periods of 10-60 min. The average shear strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V joints brazed with Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge at 530 °C was about 20 MPa. Rare-earth elements appeared to improve the reaction of the Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge filler metal with Ti-6Al-4V. The joint shear strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy/Ti-6Al-4V with Al-8.4Si-20Cu-10Ge-0.1Re reached about 51 MPa.     

Brazeability of a 3003 Aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals

Al-Si-Cu-based filler metals have been used successfully for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy as reported in the authors’ previous studies. For application in heat exchangers during manufacturing, the brazeability of 3003 aluminum alloy with these filler metals is herein further evaluated. Experimental results show that even at such a low temperature as 550 °C, the 3003 alloys can be brazed with the Al-Si-Cu fillers and display bonding strengths that are higher than 77 MPa as well. An optimized 3003 joint is attained in the brazements with the innovative Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn-1Mg filler metal at 575 °C for 30 min, which reveals a bonding strength capping the 3003 Al matrix.     

Cu-P基非晶钎料钎焊机理

采用CuP7．7Sn5．4Nil4Si0．2Zr0．04晶态与非晶钎料钎焊紫铜,通过微观手段对比分析了钎焊温度和保温时间对晶态与非晶态钎料钎焊接头成分和组织的影响．结果表明,CuP7．7Sn5．4Nil4Si0．2Zr0．04非晶钎料钎焊接头由界面区、扩散区以及钎缝中心区组成;随钎焊温度提高或保温时间增加,晶态钎料和非...     

镓对Ag-Cu-Zn钎料组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同镓含量银钎料的铺展性能、钎缝力学性能以及钎料的显微组织变化规律.结果表明,通过添加微量合金元素、优化含镓银钎料的化学成分,可得到铺展性能优良、钎缝力学性能较高的含镓银钎料.以黄铜为母材,采用火焰钎焊方法,分别采用对接和搭接接头形式,研究测试了钎焊接头的力学性能.结果表明,两种接头形式的钎焊接头均断裂在母材,说明含镓银钎料具有较高的钎缝力学性能,完全可以替代含镉的银钎料.     

Sb元素及稀土对Zn-10Al基钎料及钎焊接头性能影响

向Zn-10Al-5Cu基体中添加元素Sb及稀土镧钕,采用真空炉、万能材料试验机、金相及扫描电镜等设备,研究了Sb元素及稀土添加量对Zn-10Al-5Cu组织、性能及钎焊接头性能的影响.结果表明,钎料合金的铺展面积随Sb元素添加量的增加先较快增大后又趋于稳定趋势;抗拉强度随Sb元素添加量的增加而稳定增加;钎料组织由共析与共晶组织混合而成;在优选出的Zn10Al5Cu1.5Sb钎料中添加稀土镧钕,钎料的润湿性得到进一步改善,当稀土添加量为0.15%时,钎料的润湿性最佳;此时钎料组织中灰色粗大树枝晶组织及黑色层块状组织减少、灰黑相间层片状组织增多且变的细小,基体组织得到最大程度细化,钎料合金及钎焊接头强度达到最大;继续增加稀土,钎料合金的润湿性及钎焊接头的抗剪强度反而下降.     

Sr元素对Al-Si-Zn-xSr钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了Zn,Sr元素对Al-Si-Zn钎料的铺展性能、显微组织、力学性能以及气密性的影响.结果表明,随着Zn元素含量降低,钎料的铺展面积可增大51%,6061铝合金钎焊接头的强度逐渐升高,达到120.5 MPa.当加入Sr元素后,钎料的铺展性能得到了显著提升,且随着Sr含量的增加,块状初生硅不断减少,共晶硅由针状转变为点状,并呈网状分布.当Sr元素质量分数为0.09%时,6061铝合金接头强度最高,为137.1 MPa.钎焊管路气密性测试结果表明,Al-0.2Si-77.8Zn及Al-2Si-62Zn两种钎料的气密性均逊色于Al-6.5Si-42Zn钎料.全浸试验后,Al-6.5Si-42Zn钎料的强度降低4.6%,而加入0.09%的Sr元素后钎料的强度降低3.6%.     

6061铝合金中温钎焊接头组织与性能

采用自行研制的AlZnSi中温钎料,对6061铝合金进行了火焰钎焊试验,并对其接头组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明,改进的无腐蚀KCsAlF4钎剂能很好的去除铝合金表面的氧化膜,促进钎料在铝材表面铺展.Si元素在钎料中以片状或者针状相存在,在钎缝中也呈现这两种状态,并且当Si元素含量较高时,针状相明显.钎料中Si元素含量及Al元素含量较高时,钎缝中形成的针状相受力时会产生应力集中;而较高的Si元素含量及Al元素含量同时也有利于钎缝中晶粒细化.6061铝合金火焰钎焊对接接头气密性及强度均满足要求,并且两种钎料的焊接接头断口都呈现出明显的沿晶断裂特征.     

微量In对AgCuZn钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了不同In含量银钎料的熔化温度、铺展性能、钎料显微组织以及钎缝力学性能的变化规律.以紫铜、黄铜为母材,采用火焰钎焊方法,用对接和搭接接头形式进行钎焊试验.结果表明,在银钎料中添加微量In元素,能够降低钎料的熔化温度,改善钎料的铺展性能,并显著改变钎料显微组织.对于黄铜对接来说,钎焊接头的抗拉强度,随银钎料中In含量的增加而呈抛物线方式增加;除黄铜对接接头外,其它形式的接头断裂位置均在母材上,说明含In银钎料的力学性能优良.     

Low-melting-point titanium-base brazing alloys—part 2: Characteristics of brazing Ti-21Ni-14Cu on Ti-6Al-4v substrate

Filler metal of a low-melting-point (917 °C) Ti-21Ni-14Cu was brazed onto the substrate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 960 °C for 2,4, and 8 h to investigate the microstructural evolution and electrochemical characteristics of the brazed metal as a function of the period of brazing time. Optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry were used to characterize the microstructure and phase of the brazed metal; also, the potentiostat was used for corrosion study. Experimental results indicate that diffusion of copper and nickel from the filler metal into the equiaxed a plus intergranular β structure of Ti-6Al-4V substrate causes the lamellar Widmanstätten structure to form. The intermetallic Ti₂Ni phase existing in the prior filler metal diminishes, while the Ti₂Cu phase can be identified for the metal brazed at 960 °C for 2 h, but the latter phase decreases with time. Advantage might be taken from the evidence of faster diffusion of nickel than copper along the β phase to the substrate. In deaerated Hank’s solution, corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and critical potential for active-to-passive transition decrease while the passivation range broadens with the period of brazing time. However, all the brazed metals, immersed for different periods in oxygen-saturated Hank’s solution, show similar corrosion behavior, irrespective of the brazing time.     

P元素对Al-Si-Zn钎料显微组织及性能的影响

研究了P元素对Al-Si-Zn钎料的铺展性能、显微组织以及3003铝合金钎缝力学性能的影响.结果表明,在Al-Si-Zn钎料中添加P元素,能够改善钎料的铺展性能；P元素的加入不仅能有效细化钎料组织中粗大的块状初晶硅,也能使长针状的共晶硅“钝化”成短杆状.经拉伸试验发现,搭接和对接接头的断裂位置分别在母材和焊缝上；对于对接接头来说,钎焊接头的抗拉强度随Al-Si-Zn钎料中P元素含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当P元素含量为0.06％(质量分数)时,钎料的综合性能最好.     

Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-xGa-yIn钎料性能与显微组织

通过对Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-xGa-yIn钎料的钎焊试验发现:单独添加Ga或In元素时,Ga,In元素的添加量分别控制在3%,1.5%(质量分数)左右最佳;复合添加Ga与In元素时,Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-3Ga-2In的力学性能最佳.对钎焊接头拉伸断口进行分析结果表明,Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-3Ga-2In接头断口具备明显韧性断裂特征.当In元素添加量超过2%时,对钎焊接头强度的影响趋于平缓,但是断口已具有明显的解理形貌.Ga,In元素在钎料基体中分布均匀,无明显偏析现象,但是Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-xGa-yIn钎料基体组织呈现明显的"骨架"状特征.     

含锆Cu-P基非晶钎料钎焊紫铜接头的连接强度及微观组织

采用CuP7.7Sn5.4Ni14Si0.2Zr0.04非晶和常规钎料钎焊紫铜,分析了钎料和接头的微观组织及钎焊工艺对接头强度的影响.结果表明,相对于非晶钎料,常规钎料对钎焊工艺的敏感性更大;在相同的试验条件下,采用非晶钎料钎焊的接头强度比常规钎料提高30%以上;非晶钎料看不到明显的相结构,而常规钎料主要由初生（Cu,...     

Influence of copper on amorphous nickel based brazing alloy

Abstract

Brazing of stainless steel using nickel based alloys has sometimes been avoided, in spite of its various advantages, because it is a somewhat unreliable process in terms of the mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance of the brazed joints. Addition of copper to amorphous Ni–Cr–B–Si brazing alloys has been shown to be a promising method of improving the performance of joints. Because copper can form a solid solution with nickel at any concentration, addition of copper has a great effect on the microstructures of the nickel based filler metal and braze seam, by improving the volume ratio of nickel based solid solution to the embrittled intermetallic compounds. As a result, a significant increase in the critical brazing clearance (CBC) was obtained in the present work. Furthermore, copper might increase the electrode potential of nickel based solid solution, so that addition of copper could improve the corrosion resistance of the brazed joints. The results show that an appropriate copper addition to the present Ni–Cr–B–Si group amorphous brazing foil provides an effective method of overcoming the weaknesses of joints brazed using conventional nickel based filler metals, such as low value of CBC and low corrosion resistance.     

Laser brazing of alloy 600 with precious filler metals

Abstract

The diode laser brazing of Ni base heat resistant alloy with precious filler metals has been conducted using the tandem beam for preheating and brazing. A couple of 1 mm thick plates of alloy 600 (Inconel 600) were butt brazed using Au–18Ni, Ag–10Pd and Ag–21Cu–25Pd filler metals of 0·5 mm diameter with a brazing flux. Sound butt joints which were free from brazing defects such as porosity and lack of penetration could be obtained at brazing clearances of 0·1–1·5 mm. The tensile strength of the braze joint produced using Ag–Pd filler metal increased with decreasing brazing clearance and reached ～70% of the base metal strength at a brazing clearance of 0·1 mm while those obtained by using Au–Ni and Ag–Cu–Pd filler metals were comparable with the base metal strength at any clearances between 0·1 and 1·5 mm. The laser brazing technique could be successfully applied to the brazing of Ni base superalloy to attain a joint with high performance and reliability.     

Sn改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的微观组织和力学性能

采用自制Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料钎焊TA2钛合金,研究了不同Sn元素含量改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的熔化特性、微观组织及物相、润湿及熔蚀性、接头拉伸强度。研究表明,Sn含量增加,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料固、液相线温度基本升高,但温度差值基本变窄,可更好地抑制钎焊界面脆性化合物形成。Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料组织由Ti、Zr基体和晶体相构成,Sn倾向与Ti、Zr结合形成Ti₂Sn₃、Ti₆Sn₅、Zr₅Sn₃等低熔点共晶相。Sn≤1.5%时,随Sn含量增加,钎料对TA2钛合金的润湿性逐渐变差;继续增加Sn,钎料润湿性改善,添加5%Sn的钎料对基体润湿最佳。添加5%Sn并降低Cu、Ni总量的改性钎料对TA2钛合金熔蚀减弱。相同钎焊工艺下,添加5%Sn接头的强度和塑性均有提升。钎焊温度升高,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料产生更多强化物相,致接头强度大幅提升,而Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料产生的含Sn物相强化作用对接头强度提升有限;相...     

Effects of Ga and In on the properties of cadmium-free Ag-Cu-Zn filler metal

Melting temperature,spreadability,mechanical properties and the microstructures of joints brazed with silver-base filler metals including different amounts of Ga and/or In were studied respectively in this paper,and the results show that the melting temperature of the silver-base filler metals is decreased,spreadability of the silver-base filler metals is improved,and the microstructures of silver-base filler metals are refined obviously with the addition of Ga and/or In.Using copper and brass plates as base metal and brazing with flame method,the mechanical properties of the lap-joint and butt joint were also examined and analyzed respectively,and the results indicate that the fracture position of two kinds of brazed joints occurred on the base metal,except for the lap-joint of brass,which shows better mechanical properties of the joints brazed with the silver-based filler metals including Ga.For the lap-joint of brass,the tensile strength gradually increased with the increase of Ga content,while the addition of In has little effect on mechanical properties.It is also found that the best comprehensive properties of cadmium-free Ag-Cu-Zn filler metals are obtained when Ga content is about 3.0 wt.% and In content is between 1.5 wt.% and 2.0 wt.%.     

Microstructure and Property of Cu/Al Joint Brazed with Al-Si-Ge Filler MetalEI北大核心CSCD

Cu/Al brazing has good prospect for applications in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry. A suitable filler metal is the key of Cu/Al brazing. The chemical and physical properties of the filler metal have great influence on the brazing process and parameters. And the strength of the brazing joint is closely related to the properties of the filler metal and the brazing process. While the previous studies have not developed a kind of Cu/Al brazing filler metal which can achieve a tough joint at a low brazing temperature. In this work, the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was first used to braze Cu/Al dissimilar metals, and the melting characteristics of the filler metal, spreading wettability, Cu interfacial structure and strength of brazed joint were investigated systematically. Additionally, the common Zn-22Al filler metal was also used for comparison. The results show that the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal possesses low melting temperature (about 541 degrees C) and excellent spreading wettability on Cu and Al base metals. The interfacial structure of Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu3Al2. The thickness of planar CuAl and Cu3Al2 phases was only 1 similar to 2 mu m, and the thickness of cellular CuAl2 phase was about 3 mu m. The interfacial structure of Zn-22Al/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu9Al4, but the average thickness of the CuAl2 layer was up to 15 mm. The test results of the shearing strength show that the shearing strength of the Cu/Al joint brazed with Zn-22Al filler metal was only 42.7 MPa, but the shearing strength brazed with Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was higher (53.4 MPa).     

化学镀锡钎料钎焊黄铜的接头组织和力学性能

采用化学镀方法在BAg45CuZn钎料表面镀覆微米锡层,并用镀锡银钎料以火焰钎焊工艺连接H62黄铜。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析锡化学镀层、H62黄铜钎焊接头的显微组织和物相,并利用万能拉伸机和SEM表征钎焊接头的抗拉强度和断口形貌。结果表明,锡化学镀层结晶晶粒呈现明显的(110)、(210)择优取向,化学镀锡银钎料连接的接头中母材与钎缝结合紧密,接头组织中富Cu相减少,出现Cu_5Zn_8化合物相。随着基体钎料表面镀锡含量升高,钎焊接头的抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低趋势。在化学镀锡含量为6.0%(质量分数)时,钎焊接头的抗拉强度为353MPa。镀锡前后钎焊接头的拉伸断口均呈现韧性断裂。     

Fabrication of automotive heat exchanger using kinetic spraying process

The conventional manufacturing process of the automotive brazed heat exchanger includes complex preparation processes before brazing: aluminum brazing filler alloy is pre-claded on both sides of a fin by an extrusion method, and holed aluminum tubes are coated on both sides with Zn for corrosion protection by a wire arc spraying process.The intent of this study is to simplify the preparation process by kinetic spraying using all of the components, including Al-12%Si (for the brazing filler metal), Zn (for corrosion protection), and KAlF4 (flux powder). Four kinds of blended powders were evaluated with and without flux. The bond properties and composition distribution of composition at the braze joint area were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA).In this study, kinetic spray condition was optimized, in order to fabricate the heat exchanger. It was observed that the joints of the brazed specimens at each side were sounder than that achieved by the conventional methods. It is necessary to control the Zn content to get the high corrosion resistance and good brazeability of the aluminum heat exchanger. Further, the kinetic sprayed heat exchanger showed acceptable corrosion protection.