基于光纤激光器的全光光纤光栅传感理论分析

为了提高光纤光栅传感系统的可兼容性和抗干扰能力,提出了在环形腔光纤激光器中,采用基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里-珀罗谐振腔(F-P)对传感元进行波长寻址的理论模型,并利用悬臂梁技术对解调光纤光栅进行波长调谐.利用全光传感系统,具有分辨率高、插入损耗小、兼容性好等优点;锁定某一传感光栅的信号后,利用反馈系统对感测信号进行自动跟踪解调.利用一个传感光栅和一个解调光栅进行实验验证,得到了位于传感光栅中心波长1554.32 nm的激光输出,证实了系统的波长可解调能力.     

线性斜边滤波器在光纤光栅传感系统中的应用

介绍线性斜边滤波器在光纤光栅传感系统中的应用,根据斜边滤波器波长解调方案的工作原理,主要介绍一种利用斜边滤波器的光纤光栅解调技术．实验采用1530／1550nm的斜边滤波器对单点光纤光栅应变和温度进行解调,结果表明该解调系统具有0．01nm的波长分辨力,该系统结构简单,易于解调．     

光纤光栅解调系统的寻峰算法研究

为了提高光纤光栅波长解调系统的反射谱寻优精度,利用遗传算法的未成熟收敛性进行了研究.阐明了遗传算法提高解调精度的原理,以可调谐F-P腔的光纤光栅解调系统为基础,验证了算法的可行性和可靠性.使用MAT-LAB对F-P腔滤波光纤光栅解调系统的反射光谱进行寻峰,得到传感光纤光栅的中心波长.分析了算法中初始种群数量、遗传代数、变异率对的寻优结果影响,并得到一组最佳遗传算法参量.算法精度达到3pm数量级,50次重复计算数据标准差小于0.5pm.结果表明,该算法稳定高效、实用性强,可以显著减小噪声对光纤光栅传感系统的影响,提高解调精度.     

基于F-P滤波器光纤光栅解调系统

提出并实验演示了一种基于F-P可调滤波法对光纤光栅波长解调的新方案,利用参考光栅温度与其反射波长关系来检测传感光栅的波长移动量,该解调方法成本低.实验结果证明:采用此方法的解调系统波长测量精度达到5pm以上,有很高的稳定性,具有实际应用价值.     

基于光纤腔衰落解调技术的光纤光栅传感研究

采用弱调制长周期光纤光栅(LPG)作为基本传感器件,将其接入到光纤谐振腔中,利用光纤腔衰落(FRD)技术,通过检测脉冲激光的衰落时间实现光纤光栅传感的波长解调.进行了0～100℃温度和0～1000με应变实验,波长解调范围为10 nm.     

基于F-P腔滤波器的FBG温度传感器解调技术

近些年来,光纤光栅传感器成了传感领域的研究热点.对高精度的波长编码信号解调是实现光纤光栅传感的关键技术.介绍了光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的工作原理,同时对F-P腔滤波器的工作原理进行了分析,阐述了光纤光栅传感器解调技术的发展趋势,并提出了光纤光栅传感器解调技术需要解决的技术问题.     

基于F-P扫描干涉仪的长周期光纤光栅传感解调系统研究

利用F-P扫描干涉仪的滤波特性,提出了一种可应用于长周期光纤光栅传感解调的新方法.即利用F-P扫描干涉仪对长周期光纤光栅的某一级透射谱进行波长扫描,通过探测器实现光电转换,电压比较器对滤波光束电压进行比较,检测最小电压,借助F-P驱动电压进行定标确定传感元的波长,实现信号解调.通过与光谱仪监测值进行对比,得到实验结果与监测值基本吻合,且具有很好的重复性.     

基于FBG传感器多波长解调检测设计

光纤光栅解调系统的成本通常占整个传感系统成本的绝大部分,它的检测精度也往往决定着整个系统的传感精度.目前,由于波长编码信号解调检测困难而造成系统成本过高,在普通领域难以接受.提出了用一个可调F-P滤波器同时解调检测多个光纤光栅的方案,对其主要数值结论进行了分析讨论.     

基于DSP的分布式光纤光栅传感解调技术的研究

基于F-P腔的可调谐滤波法,是一种实用性较好、发展较为成熟的分布式光纤光栅传感解调方案。波峰检测技术是这种方案的关键所在。重点研究了频谱相关法实现波峰检测的原理,对分布式光纤光栅传感系统传感信号间的波形串扰进行了分析,基于TMS320C6416定点DSP实现了相应的频率相关算法,在计算精度和运算速度两方面都得到了较理想的结果。对于分布式光纤光栅传感解调技术的研究具有一定的理论指导意义和参考价值。     

基于光纤光栅F—P腔的相位跟踪系统

在对光纤光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔的反射光谱特性进行理论分析的基础上,建立了一种基于弱反射率、长腔长光纤光栅F-P腔的新颖传感系统,并提出了一种适用于该系统的有效解调方法-相位跟踪解调.相位跟踪系统的原理是利用光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)反射波长的漂移特性来测量干涉条纹的数目.用数字跟踪器与条纹积分信号保持相位的平衡,而条纹的积分信号是通过宽带超发光二极管(SLD)的波长调制得到的.实验表明,这种新颖的传感系统可实现应变的精确测量,且这种相位解调方法可应用于其他的干涉系统中,具有很高的可靠性.     

X-ray metrology for high-k atomic layer deposited HfxZr1−xO2 films

Hafnium-based dielectrics are the most promising material for SiO₂ replacement in future nodes of CMOS technology. While devices that utilize HfO₂ gate dielectrics suffer from lower carrier mobility and degraded reliability, our group has recently reported improved device characteristics with a modified Hf_xZr_1−xO₂ [R.I. Hegde, D.H. Triyoso, P.J. Tobin, S. Kalpat, M.E. Ramon, H.-H. Tseng, J.K. Schaeffer, E. Luckowski, W.J. Taylor, C.C. Capasso, D.C. Gilmer, M. Moosa, A. Haggag, M. Raymond, D. Roan, J. Nguyen, L.B. La, E. Hebert, R. Cotton, X.-D. Wang, S. Zollner, R. Gregory, D. Werho, R.S. Rai, L. Fonseca, M. Stoker, C. Tracy, B.W. Chan, Y.H. Chiu, B.E. White, Jr., in: Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meet, vol. 39, 2005, D.H. Triyoso, R.I. Hegde, J.K. Schaeffer, D. Roan, P.J. Tobin, S.B. Samavedam, B.E. White, Jr., R. Gregory, X.-D. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) 222901]. These results have lead to evaluation of X-ray reflectivity (XRR) for monitoring high-k film thickness and control of Zr addition to HfO₂ using measured film density. In addition, a combination of XRR and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is shown to be a fast and non-intrusive method to monitor thickness of interfacial layer between high-k and the Si substrate.     

Students’ thoughts about the importance and costs of their mobile devices’ features and services

In recent years, handheld devices have become one of the fastest growing communication gadgets. Mobile technology is becoming widespread and research in this area is urgently needed. Using a survey instrument, the thoughts of male and female students regarding the importance and costs of mobile devices were investigated. It was found that students tend to consider the following features important: battery life, mp3 player, video camera, photo camera, storage memory, Bluetooth, design and elegance, clock, calendar, organizer and reminder. Also, they are eager to spend an amount of money so as their mobile device to support them. On average, both genders would pay extra money for such features. However, the majority of females think less of the price than males do. On the contrary, most of the respondents do not consider the following important: touch screen, voice commands, chat, teleconference, encryption and cryptography, common use of files, printing. Therefore, they would not spend any money for these features. Interested decision makers would try to increase their interest on such features. Moreover, all respondents appear to own a mobile phone while most of them do not have Internet connection at home. In general, some gender differences are found in the importance and costs of the mobile devices, but they are not statistically significant.     

Job schedulers for Big data processing in Hadoop environment: testing real-life schedulers using benchmark programs

At present, big data is very popular, because it has proved to be much successful in many fields such as social media, E-commerce transactions, etc. Big data describes the tools and technologies needed to capture, manage, store, distribute, and analyze petabyte or larger-sized datasets having different structures with high speed. Big data can be structured, unstructured, or semi structured. Hadoop is an open source framework that is used to process large amounts of data in an inexpensive and efficient way, and job scheduling is a key factor for achieving high performance in big data processing. This paper gives an overview of big data and highlights the problems and challenges in big data. It then highlights Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Hadoop MapReduce, and various parameters that affect the performance of job scheduling algorithms in big data such as Job Tracker, Task Tracker, Name Node, Data Node, etc. The primary purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study of job scheduling algorithms along with their experimental results in Hadoop environment. In addition, this paper describes the advantages, disadvantages, features, and drawbacks of various Hadoop job schedulers such as FIFO, Fair, capacity, Deadline Constraints, Delay, LATE, Resource Aware, etc, and provides a comparative study among these schedulers.     

Progress in ZnO materials and devices

ZnO is a wide-band-gap semiconductor material that is now being developed for many applications, including ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes, UV photodetectors, transparent thin-film transistors, and gas sensors. It can be grown as boules, as thin films, or as nanostructures of many types and shapes. However, as with any useful semiconductor material, its electrical and optical properties are controlled by impurities and defects. Here, we consider various important donor-type impurities, such as H, Al, Ga, and In, and acceptor-type impurities, such as N, P, As, and Sb. We also examine the effects of a few common point defects, including Zn interstitials, Zn vacancies, O vacancies, and complexes of each. The main experimental techniques of interest here include temperature-dependent Hall-effect and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements, because they alone can provide donor and acceptor concentrations and donor energies. The important topic of p-type ZnO is also considered in some detail.     

Thyristor Input-Protection Device Suitable for CMOS RF IC’s

Based on simulation results and accompanying analysis, we suggest a thyristor-type ESD protection device structure suitable for implementation in standard CMOS processes to reduce the parasitic capacitances added to the input nodes, which is very important in CMOS RF ICs. We compare DC breakdown characteristics of the suggested device to those of a conventional NMOS protection device to show the benefits of using the suggested device for ESD protection. The characteristic improvements are demonstrated and the corresponding mechanisms are explained based on simulations. Structure dependencies are also examined to define the optimal structure. AC simulation results are introduced to estimate the magnitude of reduction in the added parasitic capacitance when using the suggested device for ESD protection. The analysis shows a possibility of reducing the added parasitic capacitance down to about 1/45 of that resulting with a conventional NMOS protection transistor, while maintaining robustness against ESD.Jin-Young Choi was born in Seoul, Korea in 1956. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Seoul National University, Korea, in 1979, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Florida, USA, in 1986 and 1991, respectively. In 1991, he joined Samsung Electronics Memory Division, Korea, where he was engaged in high-speed SRAM development. In 1992, he moved to the Hongik University, Jochiwon, Korea, where he is now an associate professor. His recent research interests include the high-frequency modeling of CMOS devices, CMOS RF circuit design, and analysis & design for ESD protection.Woo Suk Yang was born in Seoul, Korea in 1957. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Seoul National University, Korea, in 1979, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the North Calorina State University, USA, in 1990. His doctorial research was in the area of signal processing. In 1990, he joined LG Electronics Co. Korea. In 1991, he moved to the Hongik University, Jochiwon, Korea, where he is now a professor. His recent research interests include the high-frequency modeling and various topics in signal processing area.Dongmin Kim was born in Korea in 1956. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the Seoul National University, Korea, in 1979 and 1984, respectively and the Ph.D. degree in ECE from the University of Michigan, USA, in 1996. Now, he is an assistant professor of the Hongik University, Jochiwon, Korea. His recent research interests include circuit design and analysis.Youngju Kim was born in Seoul, Korea in 1957. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the Seoul National University, Korea in 1980 and 1985, respectively and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic University of New York, USA, in 1995, respectively. In 1996, he joined the Hongik University, Jochiwon, Korea, where he is now an assistance professor. His recent research interests include the RF circuit design and LIN wireless systems.     

智能语音操控在广电端到端的系统设计及应用

在数字化中国的大背景下,在公司个人宽带与互动电视在线交费用户均突破300万户的情况下,为解决我们的用户总找不到自己喜欢看的节目,记不住频道名称和喜欢的节目,提升公司竞争力。通过对前端的点播系统、AAA系统、EPG系统、PORTAL系统、ISMP系统、媒资系统、机顶盒终端的功能进行剥离、整合和详细设计,最后完成终端用户语音操控电视直播、点播、时移、回看、页面操控、系统设置,并支持普通话和四川话方言的目的。达到提升用户体验,增加公司竞争力,促进业务的发展。系统试运行后,用户体验效果得到很大提升,完全达到预期设计目的。     

谈对电子元器件企业设计开发过程中“六性”的审核

通过对电子元器件企业＂可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性＂的审核,帮助企业识别＂可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性＂,认识＂可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性＂在产品设计开发中的重要性,实现产品的＂可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性和环境适应性＂指标。     

A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Nonaqueous conversion‐reaction sulfur chemistry has been attracting increasing attention over the past decade for the development of next‐generation lithium‐based batteries. Li–S batteries are currently approaching a nexus stage from lab‐scale experiments to possible pragmatic applications. Inspired by the success of Li–S chemistry, other metal–sulfur batteries with a variety of metallic anodes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, have also started to attract attention. In comparison to lithium, Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca are naturally more abundant and affordable. The Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S battery systems provide a great potential for improving the volumetric energy density of sulfur‐based batteries. The multivalent metal‐sulfur systems, Mg‐S, Al‐S, and Ca‐S, offer better safety features as well. However, the research and development on Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S batteries is far behind the Li–S system due to many critical challenges. In this progress report, the fundamental principles of various metal–sulfur chemistries are first presented and compared. Then, the historical progress, recent advances, and key challenges of the Li–S, Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S systems are summarized and discussed. Finally, future efforts and directions for both the fundamental and practical research are prospected.     

VoIP技术--语音和数据的集成

介绍了VoIP(Voice over IP)的基本组成构件即网关(Gateway)、网守(Gatekeeper)的概念和用途。讲述了语音在IP网上传输的基本原理，语音和数据、数据和IP包之间的转换和传送过程。在H．323协议栈的基础上详细讲述了H．248，H．225，H．245等通信协议和语音编码G．729，G．23l，G．7ll等协议。最后对VoIP的语音服务质量作了较为详细的阐述。     

An Integrated Model to Design PCS Networks

An integrated model is proposed that comprises essentially, an Enhanced Profile-Based Strategy (EPBS) for small-scale roaming and a Caching Two-Level Forwarding Pointer (C2LFP) strategy for large-scale roaming. The idea behind the integrated model is how those two location management solutions are applied, and what is the suitable approach to specify the physical parameters of PCS networks from mobility management’s point of view so that our solutions can be more cost effective for location management. An evolutionary method, using a constrained Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to achieve network parameters optimization. For convenience, we selected the underlying planning problem with an appropriate set of parameters so that it can be treated, in what follows, both genetically and analytically. Thus one can easily verify the accuracy and efficiency of the evolutionary solution that would be obtained from the genetic algorithm. For more realistic environments, GA could be used reliably to build up sophisticated models that integrate the small-scale and large-scale roaming parameters of PCS networks. The results that have been obtained from a case study are presented in order to provide a deep explanation for the proposed integration approach. Salah M. Ramadan (samohra@yahoo.com) received the BS and MS degrees from Computers Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1995 and 2002, respectively. From 2002, he was a PhD student in Computers Engineering Department at Al-Azhar University and is currently pursuing the PhD degree, where he is a research assistant in the Wireless Networks Branch. His research interests include traffic management in ATM networks, routing protocols, mobility management in PCS networks, and mobile computing. He is currently an instructor in Cisco Academy, Egypt. Ahmed M. El-Sherbini (Sherbini@mcit.gov.eg) received the Ph.D. in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Case Western University, U.S.A. March 1983 and M.Sc. in Communication Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, June 1980. (M.Sc. Research Studies at the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications (ENST), Paris, France) He is the Director, National Telecommunication Institute – Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt and Professor of Electrical and Communication Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. M. I. Marie(azhar@mailer.scu.eun.eg) received his B.Sc, M.Sc and PhD in electronic and communication engineering from Cairo University on 1972, 1981, 1985, respectively. Now he is a professor of communications at Computer and System Engineering Department Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. His fields of interest includes digital communication, computer networks and protocols development. M. Zaki is the professor of software engineering, Computer and System Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University at Cairo. He received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Cairo University in 1968 and 1973 respectively. He received his Ph.D. degrees in computer engineering from Warsaw Technical University, Poland in 1977. His fields of interest include artificial intelligence, soft computing, and distributed system.