无机陶瓷膜在超细分子筛固液分离上的实验研究

采用无机陶瓷膜分离技术,可以实现超细分子筛在浓缩和洗涤过滤过程中的充分截留。研究表明,采用平均孔径为0.2μm的无机陶瓷膜,在常温、膜面流速为6m/s、分子筛浆液固含量小于40%的条件下,用于分子筛固液分离时,平均渗透通量在200L/(m2.h)以上,滤液中悬浮物含量低于40mg/L。     

陶瓷膜在高固含铝盐料液固液分离过程中的应用

本文对陶瓷膜在高固含铝盐料液固液分离工艺中的应用进行了研究。探讨了陶瓷膜对高固含铝盐料将固液分离效果、陶瓷膜过滤过程的膜通量、陶瓷膜是否截留铝盐料浆中铝离子、加水洗涤洗循环回收铝离子的效果等问题。研究结果表明:采用平均孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜分离技术,可实现高固含铝盐料液固液分离目的 ;过滤过程平均膜通量为120 L/h·m~2,可以满足过滤要求;过滤过程不会截留铝离子;采用加水洗涤循环过滤方法,可以达到回收铝离子目的,铝离子回收率可达96.4%。     

膜蒸馏法处理甲醇水溶液的研究

采用自制中空纤维膜蒸馏组件对含甲醇水溶液进行膜蒸馏处理研究 ,考察了影响甲醇通量的因素。如料液温度、浓度、流速 ,以及载液流速等。找到了最佳的工作条件。在料液温度 45℃ ,载液温度 2 0℃ ,两侧流速为 1 1 .5 m L/min的条件下 ,膜通量约为 0 .45× 1 0 -3kg/m2· h。浓度高达1 0 mg/m L的甲醇水溶液经处理后可降至 0 .0 3mg/m L以下。     

陶瓷膜在甘氨酸精制中的应用研究

采用陶瓷膜分离技术去除工业级甘氨酸中的微量悬浮杂质 ,以得到高纯度的食品、医药级甘氨酸产品。实验主要考察了操作压力、膜面流速、操作温度、活性炭浓度等操作条件对膜渗透通量的影响 ,确定了合适的操作条件。操作压力为0 .1 8MPa,膜面流速为 5m/ s,在活性炭浓度 <4%的情况下 ,膜的渗透通量为 1 1 0 0L/ (m2 .h) ,渗透清液浊度小于 0 .55NTU,产品纯度达到 99.99%。     

陶瓷膜处理分子筛废液工艺条件的研究

考察了陶瓷膜回收分子筛废液中操作条件对膜通量和膜稳定通量的影响，确定了合适的操作条件：在室温下，操作压力为0．15MPa、错流流速为1．8m／s、料液浓缩倍数为2。同时考察了操作方式对膜通量的影响，认为在恒浓度条件下适时地改变膜组件的进、出口方向对保持膜通量稳定，延缓膜污染起到重要的作用。     

陶瓷微滤膜处理含油废水的工艺研究

用陶瓷微滤膜处理含油废水 ,研究了操作压差、膜面流速、温度、料液浓度等操作条件对膜通量的影响 ,确定了合适的操作条件。在此操作条件下 ,膜的稳定通量为 2 5 0L/ (m2 ·h) ,处理后油质量浓度 <10mg/L ,完全达到排放要求     

渗透模式影响纳米涂层修饰陶瓷微滤膜分离性能的研究

研究了膜分离技术处理含油废水存在因油滴变形引起的膜堵塞问题。为减少膜污染,使用在市场上销售氧化铝微滤膜孔道表面制备纳米ZrO2涂层,利用纳米涂层改变微滤膜的表面亲水憎油性,具有良好的效果。考虑其工业应用条件,重点研究了循环模式（模拟大量废水处理）和浓缩模式（模拟少量废水处理）对膜渗透通量的影响。结果表明：循环模式下料液的油浓度为恒定的,纳米涂层能有效提高微滤膜的渗透通量。膜面流速的增加在一定程度上能提高膜渗透通量,但超过一定程度后,增加不明显。当膜面流速为7m／s时,修饰陶瓷膜的最大渗透通量为280L／（m^2·h）,油截留率为96．4％。在浓缩模式下,料液的油浓度随渗透液的排出呈指数性增加,随着油浓度的增加,渗透通量持续衰减,油截留率持续上升。当油浓度达到一定程度后,修饰陶瓷微滤膜不能有效地实现稳定含油废水的油水分离。     

渗透模式影响纳米涂层修饰陶瓷微滤膜分离性能的研究

研究了膜分离技术处理含油废水存在因油滴变形引起的膜堵塞问题.为减少膜污染,使用在市场上销售氧化铝微滤膜孔道表面制备纳米ZrO2涂层,利用纳米涂层改变微滤膜的表面亲水憎油性,具有良好的效果.考虑其工业应用条件,重点研究了循环模式(模拟大量废水处理)和浓缩模式(模拟少量废水处理)对膜渗透通量的影响.结果表明:循环模式下料液的油浓度为恒定的,纳米涂层能有效提高微滤膜的渗透通量.膜面流速的增加在一定程度上能提高膜渗透通量,但超过一定程度后,增加不明显.当膜面流速为7 m/s时,修饰陶瓷膜的最大渗透通量为280 L/(m2·h),油截留率为96.4％.在浓缩模式下,料液的油浓度随渗透液的排出呈指数性增加,随着油浓度的增加,渗透通量持续衰减,油截留率持续上升.当油浓度达到一定程度后,修饰陶瓷微滤膜不能有效地实现稳定含油废水的油水分离.     

超滤膜处理洗毛废水中的Dean涡流效应

根据Dean涡流原理,采用螺旋形中空纤维超滤膜处理洗毛废水。考察了透膜压力、料液温度、料液流速、料液浓度、螺旋形膜的螺距和螺径对膜通量的影响。实验结果表明,Dean涡流对洗毛废水超滤过程有显著的改善作用,在同等条件下,螺旋形膜的膜通量比直形膜的膜通量高1倍以上。螺旋形膜处理洗毛废水较好条件为透膜压力80 kPa,料液流速0.65 m/s,料液温度50℃,料液浓度4.6×104mg/L,螺距10.0 mm,螺径27.3 mm。该条件下,螺旋形膜的膜通量可达85.0 L/(m2.h)。     

无机陶瓷膜在植物油废水处理中的实验研究

植物油炼制及餐饮业均排出大量的含油废水,对环境造成严重污染。文中采用陶瓷膜技术处理植物油废水,实验考察不同膜材质和膜孔径对渗透通量和油截留率的影响,结果表明,孔径为0.2μm的氧化锆陶瓷膜适宜于植物油废水的处理。废水性质对膜分离性能的影响显著,随着油质量浓度、盐浓度的增大,膜稳定通量明显下降。在跨膜压差为0.15 MPa,操作温度30℃,错流速率为4 m/s下,膜稳定通量为150 L/(m2.h);实验条件下油截留率均在98%以上。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.