天线阵元相位中心的一种测量方法

分析天线阵元相位差与其相位中心的数学关系,建立了阵元相位中心的目标函数模型。基于实际的天线阵列测试系统对对数周期天线阵元相位中心进行测量,并利用最小二乘法求出阵元实际相位中心。分析比较了实测与理论的相位中心差异,结果表明:在大部分工作频率上实测结果与理论计算结果较一致,但在高频实测相位中心比理论相位中心更靠近馈电点;实际测量的相位中心能够有效地表征各阵元间实际相位关系。     

角锥阵列相位精密调整机构设计及锁相实验

为了校正角锥棱镜阵列中子孔径的piston误差,设计了一种多单元一维相位精密调整机构,提出了一种基于相干合成原理的角锥棱镜阵列piston误差检测、调整方法。首先,设计了一种机械装置使单个角锥棱镜能够进行一维相位调整;其次,利用远场成像原理,分析了角锥阵列piston误差对远场衍射成像的影响;最后,基于远场光斑的不同,提出了一种角锥阵列piston误差的检测、调整方法。实验结果表明:角锥阵列相位精密调整机构能够达到0.1 μm级的调整精度,通过观测角锥棱镜阵列反射光束远场衍射图像,调整角锥棱镜单元相对位置,将反射光束PIB提升至0.49,远场图像接近仿真结果,基本实现了角锥棱镜阵列子孔径的piston误差的校正,提升了角锥棱镜阵列使用效率,扩展了角锥棱镜阵列使用场景。     

幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心的影响分析

为精确预测阵列天线相位中心的特性, 研究了阵列口径的幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心的影响.对阵列天线相位中心的求解方法进行了简要论述, 得出了阵列天线相位中心的计算方法; 采用该方法对一个算例阵列进行仿真计算, 分别引入均匀分布和正态分布的幅相误差, 计算得出不同类型幅相误差造成的天线相位中心变化.分析计算结果可以得出, 幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心可造成显著影响, 并且该影响与幅相误差分布类型和误差限有关.该研究结论可用于指导高精度阵列天线的设计.     

十字阵虚拟基线二维测向算法

提出了一种利用虚拟基线变换估计信号到达角的方法,首先利用圆阵的对称性得到虚拟阵元与参考阵元的相位差,再利用真实阵元与虚拟阵元间的虚拟短基线得到无模糊的相位差估计,通过解长基线的相位模糊得到高精度的到达角估计值。该算法具有较高的估计精度和分辨率,仿真结果证明了文中算法的正确性和有效性。     

On the dynamics of two-dimensional array beam scanning viaperimeter detuning of coupled oscillator arrays

Arrays of voltage-controlled oscillators coupled to nearest neighbors have been proposed as a means of controlling the aperture phase of one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) array antennas. It has been demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that one may achieve linear distributions of phase across a linear array aperture by tuning the end oscillators of the array away from the ensemble frequency of a mutually injection-locked array of oscillators. These linear distributions result in steering of the radiated beam. It is demonstrated theoretically that one may achieve similar beamsteering in two dimensions by appropriately tuning the perimeter oscillators of a 2-D array. The analysis is based on a continuum representation of the phase in which a continuous function satisfying a partial differential equation of diffusion type passes through the phase of each oscillator as its independent variables pass through integer values indexing the oscillators. Solutions of the partial differential equation for the phase function exhibit the dynamic behavior of the array during the beamsteering transient     

液晶移相器的光电特性及其电路驱动

为了实现液晶移相器的每个光栅电极的驱动电压可以单独控制的目的,采用现场可编程门阵列编程的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证,实现了驱动液晶移相器光栅电极的电压,以达到调整电极的相位分布。结果表明,液晶光栅电极相位的周期性分布对传输的光波可以进行相位调制,即可实现扫描。这一结果对调节液晶移相器光栅电极的相位是有帮助的。     

基于虚拟阵列变换的干涉仪测向算法

针对宽带测向中的相位模糊问题,提出了一种基于虚拟阵列变换的干涉仪测向算法.该算法利用实际阵列的相位差作矢量运算,从而获得新的相位差,将新的相位差作为虚拟阵列相邻阵元的相位差,由此求得入射信号的方位角和俯仰角估计.经过虚拟阵列变换所获得的虚拟阵列半径较原阵列半径缩小了,从而使得系统的无模糊频段得到了扩展,为解相位模糊提供了一种新的途径.仿真结果验证了虚拟阵列变换的正确性及基于该变换的干涉仪测向算法的有效性.     

测量型阵列天线相位中心标定方法研究

为解决阵列天线相位中心标定的工程实现难题，根据视在相位中心的定义和对阵列天线的工作原理分析，提出了阵列天线相位中心的拟合递归测试方法，并在传统相位中心直接标定法的基础上，提出了单个波束的相位中心比对标定法。实验证明该方法降低了测试成本，提高了工作效率。     

Visualization of radiation-pattern characteristics of phased arrays using digital phase shifters

This article presents graphical investigations of the array factor of phased arrays with digital phase shifters. A software program, based on basic antenna array theory, has been developed in MATLAB to obtain the main array characteristics (array factor and directivity). The array factors of linear arrays of different sizes with different types of phase shifters have been studied as a function of the number of bits and the frequency. Unconventional two-dimensional color graphical representations are used to identify some characteristics of the array factor of arrays with digital phase shifters that can not be so clearly and quickly visualized with conventional graphical representations. In particular, the effects of quantization on the array factor for arrays of different sizes and for phase shifters with different numbers of bits, over scanning, and frequency ranges, are shown using this representation. Numerous data are also provided.     

基于模拟退火算法校正天线阵列位置误差

天线阵元的位置误差会影响阵列所接收到的信号相位。基于特征值分解的DOA估计算法对信号的相位误差非常敏感,因此有必要对阵元位置误差进行校正。文中提出一种基于模拟退火算法的校正方法对阵元位置误差进行校正,其优点是所需的辅助信号源数目较少,算法稳健性较好,并且适用于任意形式的天线阵。计算机模拟结果表明该方法是有效的。     

Nonlinear Analysis of Mutually Coupled Harmonic Self-Oscillating Mixers

In this paper, a phase array based on coupled harmonic self-oscillating mixers (HSOMs) is presented for its application in a receiving antenna array. Nonlinear analysis is realized in a 4$,times,$ 1 element array based on injection-locked and mutually coupled HSOMs. Each element of the phase array provides the double functionality of variable phase shifters and downconverters. The ranges of synchronized operation and the corresponding phase shifts provided by the individual HSOMs are analyzed versus the circuit parameters. The phase variation of the coupled HSOMs is calculated for different operation points of the innermost HSOMs of the array. A 4$,times,$1 element array has been manufactured for the experimental validation of simulated results.      

阵列天线相位中心的计算与分析

为了得到阵列天线的相位中心,本文从阵列天线的场表达式推导出阵列天线远场区的相位方向图与选取的参考点之间的关系式。并根据该关系式,应用最小二乘法得出了求解阵列天线的视在相心的方法。结合得出的结论,对一个矩形平面阵进行了仿真实验,实验证实了本方法的有效性。同时发现,阵列单元在不同角域内对应的视在相心不同,并且阵列天线的视在相心主要取决于阵列单元在相应角域内的视在相心。     

一种毫米波干涉仪测向算法

提出了一种毫米波干涉仪二维测向解模糊算法.通过对圆形阵列阵元与参考阵元之间的测量相位差进行一次或多次虚拟变换运算,获得虚拟阵元与参考阵元之间的无模糊相位差.无模糊相位差被用来得到粗略无模糊的波达方向估计,此粗略无模糊的波达方向估计被用来解原阵列阵元和参考阵元的周期性相位模糊.进而获得高精度波达方向估计.仿真实验表明,所提算法在毫米波频率范围内能获得高精度的二维测向结果.     

采用分组设计的子阵有源馈电网络

基于子阵有源相控阵的设计需要解决好紧密结构空间中大尺寸发射组件与馈电网络的布局难题.工程设计了一种紧凑的有源相控阵馈电网络.其馈电网络采用串并联馈电、并联馈相,同时对研制过程中的关键技术如分组、相位补偿等进行了详细论述.采用分组设计,既解决了布局难题,又便于用软件进行馈电网络频带内的相位补偿.根据实测结果,对补偿公式进行稍许修正,就能有效地控制相控阵阵面的相位误差.     

Measurement and modeling of a microwave active-patch phased arrayfor wide-angle scanning

An active antenna consisting of an integrated oscillator with a passive radiator has been arrayed and beam-scanned using a new principle for phase shifting. The radiating elements consist of a transistor oscillator whose frequency is controlled by a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Each oscillator is injection locked to an external source. The phase control of the radiated wave is achieved by varying the bias on the transistor. Individual element performance has been characterized for potential use as an array element and is comprehensively reported. Methods used to achieve configurations with full 360° phase control have been investigated utilizing novel configurations and cascaded oscillator pairs. Close to 360° of radiated phase control from each element has been achieved. Measured results on an experimental four-element S-band array indicate that beam scanning in excess of ±60° can be achieved. Mutual coupling effects on this new form of array are studied both experimentally and theoretically. A van der Pol (1934) model for the weak coupling that is occurring on the array is developed and used to qualitatively predict the phase offsetting on array elements. Reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is obtained and it is observed that good control of the coupling mechanism is essential to array performance within this new form of active integrated phase shifterless array     

基于System Generator的某导航设备相控阵天线相位解算技术

某导航设备相控阵天线主要由天线阵子、移相器和控制单元组成，移相器负责对天线阵子的相位进行实时控制。为了消除设备相控阵天线移相器之间的相位偏差，提出一种基于System Generator的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）相位求解技术，通过System Generator快速构建设备相控阵天线移相器相位解算模型，完成相位解算和补偿工作。经验证，该方法能有效缩短设计人员软件编程时间，具有较强的使用价值。     

超指向性相控阵列波束形成设计与实现

超指向性相控阵列设计要求阵列具有高指向性,基于对平面阵波束形成与指向性的理论分析,提出了矢量分解阵列设计,使波束形成的方法得到很大的改进,并实现相控阵系统中各阵元发射和接收相位的精确控制.     

一种覆盖半空域相控阵天线方向图计算

介绍棱台形相控阵天线在不同空间位置的天线方向图分析计算方法，通过建立数学模型和理论分析，计算的结果与实测结果非常一致，从而为相控阵天线的阵列单元初始相位设置和相位控制提供了设计依据。     

Sidelobe performance in quadratic phase conformal arrays

Sidelobe performance in an array with a quadratic phase distribution is related to the array curvature. Conditions are derived that ensure well-behaved sidelobes for quadratic phase conformal arrays. A similar condition is derived for parabolic shaped arrays and results are given to illustrate the validity of the derived requirement for well-behaved sidelobes for both parabolic and circular arrays. In addition, the sidelobe performance of a nonuniformly spaced linear array is related to the curvature of an equivalent conformal array     

阵列天线在近场条件下的幅相校正和阵元位置估计

在运动阵列存在幅相误差和阵元位置未知的条件下,提出了一种基于子空间方法的阵列幅相误差校正和阵元位置估计方法。该方法要求一个方位已知的近场校正源。计算机仿真结果表明,该校正方法可有效地估计出阵列参数。