P110钢在CO2／H2S环境中的适用性研究

采用高温高压实验设备辅以失重法,研究了CO2／H2S腐蚀环境中P110钢的腐蚀性能,用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析了腐蚀产物．分别用电化学充氢及NACE TM0177A法对P110钢进行耐氢损伤试验．结果表明,虽然P110钢在试验环境中的均匀腐蚀速率很小,未发生点蚀,但随着充氢量的增加,强度、伸长率及断面收缩率均降低．...     

阴极保护有效性评价技术的应用研究

采用美国腐蚀学会NACE Standard RP0169-96《埋地或水下金属管线系统的外部腐蚀控制》评价了目标管线阴极保护电位，研究了目标管线25．4km产生455处外壁腐蚀的原因。采用NACE TM0497－97埋地或水下金属管道系统阴极保护准则的标准测试方法评价阴极保护有效性，结合经典的电流法测试计算涂层平均电阻、采用DCVG－CIPS、PCM测试了管道严重腐蚀段电流、电位，对现场管道取样做涂层整段人工剥离测试管道腐蚀，挖取已埋设16年的管道挂片评价阴极保护保护度，多种腐蚀检测评价方法综合应用的结果：圈定CP保护水平、指出了管段CP管级，确定了目标管道腐蚀原因是电位长期处于欠保护，造成这种不足保护的根本原因与现行行标的一些规定有关。     

低酸性环境用C125钢级套管开发研究进展

通过对比分析,综合介绍了国外低酸性环境用C125钢的研发进展,C125钢级套管的适用环境条件和SSC评价试验。指出C110钢级是目前通过NACE TM0177标准A溶液,直至NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2标准pH-PH2S图的全酸性环境评定的最高钢级抗酸性钢。介绍了适用环境SSC评价方法及在低酸性环境用C125钢级开发等方面的应用。     

长输管道阴极保护有效性评价技术应用的探讨

采用美国腐蚀学会NACE Standard RP0169-96《埋地或水下金属管线系统的外部腐蚀控制》评价了目标管线阴极保护电位，研究了目标管线25.4km产生453处外壁腐蚀的原因，采用NACE TM0497－97《埋地或水下金属管道系统阴极保护准则》的标准测试方法和我国阴极保护相关标准，评价阴极保护有效性，结合经典的电流法测试计算涂层平均电阻，采用DCVG－CIPS，PCM测试了管道严重腐蚀段电流，电位，对现场管道取橛做涂层整段人工剥离测试管道腐蚀，挖取已埋设16a的管道挂片评价阴极保护的保护度，多种腐蚀检测说价方法综合应用的结果，圈定阴极保护水平，等级，发现了目标管道产生严重腐蚀的原因，管道严重的欠保护，为我国阴极保护水平敲响警钟。     

深海油气输送用高强度厚壁抗硫海洋管开发北大核心CSCD

针对1500m以上深海油气输送需求,研究开发出具有抗硫特点的国产X70钢级Ф（1016～762）mm×36．5mm高钢级、大壁厚深海油气输送管。采用低碳微合金设计和高纯净度、超均质冶炼铸坯工艺以及优化的热机控制工艺（TMCP）,开发具有良好的强韧性、强塑性和耐酸性的X7036．5mm厚壁板材。通过JCO钢管成型、多丝埋弧焊接和全管体扩径工艺技术研究,开发出X70钢级、壁厚36．5mm高强度厚壁海洋管。检测结果表明,管体屈服强度为495-512MPa,抗拉强度为645～648MPa,屈强比为0．77～0．79,伸长率为55％～58％,各项性能指标均满足DNV-OS-F101．2013《海底管线系统规范》要求。管体和焊接接头的平均硬度为207HV10,最大硬度值为243HV10。按照NACE TM0284-2011（A溶液）标准进行氢致裂纹（HIC）实验,管体母材及焊缝试样均无裂纹,表明钢管对HIC不敏感。按照NACE TM0177-2005（A溶液）标准进行抗硫化物应力腐蚀（SSCC）实验,加载量为85％SMYS,试样未断裂,表明钢管具有良好的抗应力腐蚀能力。     

时效对17-4PH马氏体不锈钢抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸的应力腐蚀试验法,结合应力应变试验、显微组织观察、力学性能测试和断口形貌分析,研究了不同时效处理后17-4PH马氏体不锈钢在N2、通入饱和H2S的NACE A溶液和3%CO2+3%H2S+N2+H2O三种介质中的抗应力腐蚀性能。结果表明,通入饱和H2S的NACE A溶液对17-4PH不锈钢的应力腐蚀最为严重,试样断口呈现脆性断裂特征。时效工艺对材料的应力腐蚀敏感性有明显影响,600℃+605℃双级时效处理后17-4PH不锈钢的抗应力腐蚀性能优于600℃时效处理。     

国内外管道阴极保护电位测量方法差异分析

阴极保护是保障油气管道安全运行的可靠技术。国际上普遍应用断电电位评价管道阴极保护状态。介绍了国内管道断电电位测量技术现状,存在的问题是断电电位测量延迟时间存在差异,不能获得准确的管-地极化电位。以新发布的美国腐蚀工程师协会标准NACE TM0497-2012为例,阐述了国际上普遍公认的阴极保护电位标准测试方法,包括测试断电电位的断电时间、电压冲击峰持续时间、参比电极精度和参比电极放置方法等。最后,提出了借鉴NACE TM0497-2012技术先进性,修订国家标准GB/T 21246-2007的建议。     

多相流管线内腐蚀直接评价方法在国内的现场应用

目的 通过研究美国腐蚀工程师协会（NACE）于2016年提出的适用于多相流管线的内腐蚀直接评价标准SP0116-Multiphase flow internal corrosion direct assessment methodology for pipelines（以下简称MP-ICDA）,探究该评价方法在国内的现场应用步骤,为国内内腐蚀直接评价方法提供参考。方法 以我国东海某海底管线的实际运行工况为基础,建立Norsok M506内腐蚀预测模型,利用流体动力学理论,模拟分析管线内腐蚀状况,结合评价标准的预评价、间接检测、详细检查及后评估四个步骤进行内腐蚀直接评价。结果 管线整体内腐蚀速率超过0.25 mm/a,腐蚀程度较严重。管道1.5~2.5 km低洼处及两侧立管处腐蚀速率明显增大,其腐蚀高危点与段塞流动状态、高持液率等流动参数有关。现场在线检测数据与模型预测结果基本一致,由此证明了模型的可靠性。根据腐蚀程度等级及标准规定的内腐蚀再次评估周期,确定管线再评估时间间隔为1年。结论 ICDA能够准确预测管线内腐蚀状态与风险大小,为无法实施内检测的管线提供了有效的内腐蚀评估方法,其对预测多相流管道腐蚀发生的位置与风险等级具有一定的指导作用与借鉴意义。流体的动力学参数对腐蚀速率影响较大,应用MP-ICDA方法时应选取合适的内腐蚀预测模型及管线运行参数。在海底管线正常运行期间,可对ICDA的结果进行多次循环校核,从而提高腐蚀预测的准确程度。     

南马庄油田集油管线腐蚀成因分析及对策研究

通过对南马庄油田马一接转站外输管线采出液水质特性分析及影响腐蚀的因素试验,找出了马一接转站外输管线腐蚀穿孔的主要原因是Cl^-1、SO4^2-、SRB。在室内对马一接转站外输管线采出液筛选出了针对性强的缓蚀剂和杀菌剂。缓蚀剂在投药量为60mg／L时,腐蚀速度〈0．076mm／a,杀菌剂投药量为80mg／L时,可使马一接转站外输管线采出水SRB控制到2．5个／ml,基本控制了SRB的繁殖生长。     

X70级管线钢抗H2S酸性性能研究

采用NACE三点弯曲法和NACE standard TM 0284-2003氢致开裂标准实验方法,通过SEM、TEM、EDS等手段研究了鞍钢生产的X70级管线钢的硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)和氢致开裂(HIC)行为.研究表明,鞍钢生产的X70级管线钢具有较好的抗SSCC&HIC性能;以均匀细小的针状铁素体为主的显微组织具有优良的抗SSCC&HIC性能;针状铁素体内高密度缠结的位错和碳氮化物在位错网络上的沉淀析出是针状铁素体钢具有优良的抗SSCC&HIC性能的主要原因.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.