富硼渣钠化法制备硼砂的实验研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)方法分析表明,富硼渣中的硼组分主要以Mg2B2O5形式存在,而钠化渣中的硼组分以Na4B2O5和NaBO2晶相形式析出.为提取富硼渣中的硼,考察了热处理温度、碳酸钠加入量、热处理时间、水浸温度等因素对钠化渣中硼浸出率的影响.同时考察了富硼渣中w(Al2O3)、w(CaO)、w(B2O3)、m...     

铜渣熔融还原炼铁过程反应热力学分析

对铜渣还原炼铁过程中各元素的反应热力学及渣处于熔融状态时(FeO)组分作用浓度分别进行了理论分析。XRD分析结果显示铜渣中含铁物相主要为铁橄榄石(2FeO.SiO2)。热力学分析结果表明,铜渣中添加一定量CaO,(2FeO.SiO2)还原反应理论起始温度由1042.23K降至757.47K;渣中Mg、Al、Si和Ca 4种元素的还原反应不能发生;增加熔池中O2-浓度,Fe2+还原限度升高。FeO-SiO2-CaO三元渣系作用浓度模型计算结果显示,熔池碱度为2.0时,(FeO)组分作用浓度达到最大0.14。     

Uptake properties of Ni2+ by nCaO.Al2O3.2SiO2 (n=1-4) prepared from solid-state reaction of kaolinite and calcite

A series of nCaO.Al2O3.2SiO2 samples (n=1-4) were prepared by solid-state reaction of mechanochemically treated mixtures of kaolinite and calcite fired at 600-1000 degrees C for 24 h. All the samples were X-ray amorphous after firing at 600-800 degrees C but had crystallized by 900 degrees C. The main crystalline phases were anorthite (n=1), gehlenite (n=2 and 3) and larnite (n=4). The uptake of Ni2+ by nCaO.Al2O3.2SiO2 samples fired at 800 and 900 degrees C was investigated at room temperature using solutions with initial Ni2+ concentrations of 0.1-50 mmol/l. Amorphous samples (fired at 800 degrees C) showed a higher Ni2+ uptake capacity than crystalline samples (fired at 900 degrees C). Ni2+ uptake was found to increase with increasing of CaO content. Amorphous 4CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2 showed the highest Ni2+ uptake capacity (about 9 mmol/g). The Ni2+ uptake abilities of the present samples are higher than those of other materials reported in the literature. Since the sorbed Ni2+/released Ca2+ ratios of these samples are close to unity, ion replacement of Ni2+ for Ca2+ is thought to be the principal mechanism of Ni2+ uptake by the present samples.     

Characteristics of slag produced from incinerated hospital waste

Ash produced from a hospital waste incinerator was treated using a high temperature melting process at 1200 degrees C. The quality of the produced slag was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), leaching tests and sequential chemical extraction of metals. The slag contained large amounts of SiO(2,) CaO, Al(2)O(3), Sn, Ni, Cu, Ba and B. XRD analysis revealed a moderate crystal structure for the melted slag and identified the main crystals as quartz (SiO(2)), kaolinite (Al(2)Si(2)O(5)(OH)(4)), albite (NaAlSi(3)O(8)) and gibbsite (Al(OH)(3)). The observed crystal structure assists in preventing the leaching of heavy metals from the slag. Furthermore, the leaching results found the produced slag to comply with disposal limits set by the US EPA. Results from sequential chemical extraction analysis showed that metals in the slag exhibited the strongest preference to be bound to the residual fraction (stable fraction), which is known to have very low leaching characteristics. Melting was found to stabilize heavy metals in hospital waste successfully and therefore it can be an acceptable method for disposal.     

90Al_2O_3缸套内衬的显微结构分析

采用宏观和微观分析方法对 90 Al2 O3 缸套内衬的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明 ,该缸套内衬为刚玉 -镁铝尖晶石复合陶瓷 ,显微组织属 Al2 O3 - Mg O- Si O2 和 Al2 O3 - Ca O- Si O2 型结构。二次重结晶和玻璃相的存在及气孔含量偏高 ,将导致韧性降低     

CaO-SiO_2-CaF_2三元含氟焊接渣系熔点计算模型

测量了30组不同组成的CaO-SiO_2-CaF_2三元含氟渣系的熔点,对19组有效数据进行分析,研究了CaO、SiO_2和CaF_2三种物质对该渣系熔点的影响规律,结果表明,该渣系熔点与其成分之间的回归方程为:Y=397.796X_1-393.211X_2-423.507X_3-4.817X_1~2+3.045X_2~2-2.658X_3~2-9.969X_1/X_2-23.773X_2/X_3+15334.695X_3/X_1+6 031.319。X_1为CaO的质量分数,X_2为SiO_2的质量分数,X_3为CaF_2的质量分数。     

ZrO2涂层成分对其抗热腐蚀能力的影响

本文研究等离子喷涂不同成分ZrO_2涂层的抗热腐蚀能力。结果表明,熔盐热腐蚀过程表现为涂层表面的熔盐渗入内部和熔盐热分解产生的腐蚀气体向涂层内部扩散两个方面。在ZrO_2中添加适量的SiO_2,可显著提高涂层的抗热腐蚀能力。Y_2O_3稳定ZrO_2的效果比CaO好,因为在相同热腐蚀条件下,CaO与熔盐反应,使ZrO_2从四方相转变为单斜相。     

新法真空铝热还原炼镁的研究

对以煅后白云石和煅后菱镁石为原料,以铝粉为还原剂的新法炼镁技术的热力学进行了分析,并进行了真空热还原实验。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对还原渣的主要物相与物质形态进行了分析。实验结果表明:以煅后白云石和煅后菱镁石为原料,以铝粉为还原剂的新法真空热还原炼镁技术是可行的,在还原温度1200℃,还原时间2 h,铝粉过量5%和无氟盐添加剂的条件下,氧化镁的还原率可达90%,CaF2或MgF2的添加可大幅度地提高还原过程中氧化镁的还原率,降低还原温度。还原后还原渣主要物相为CaO.2Al2O3,还原渣中氧化铝的含量在65%以上,氧化硅含量低于2%,是一种非常适合生产氢氧化铝的原料。     

真空硅浴熔融还原白云石炼镁的实验研究

通过往煅烧白云石中添加适量的Al2O3和SiO2,使其在1500～1600℃之间形成熔融炉渣,并在真空下采用硅铁还原液态渣中的MgO。研究了造渣剂对MgO还原率的影响,结果表明,在能够获得熔融炉渣的情况下,增大Al2O3/SiO2比能够极大地提高渣中MgO的还原率,理想的炉渣成分为32.0%CaO-23.0%MgO-35.0%Al2O3-10%SiO2。同时,对该炉渣进行了正交实验,通过分析得出影响MgO还原率因素的顺序依次是:反应温度、还原剂硅铁添加量、反应时间、催化剂CaF2添加量。在熔融还原工艺参数为:反应温度1600℃,还原剂硅铁添加量n(Si)/n(2MgO)=1.2,反应2h,催化剂CaF2添加量3%条件下,渣中的MgO还原率高达97.3%。     

外电场作用下熔渣对MgO-C耐火材料的侵蚀行为

以高温炉渣为电解质,工业MgO-C砖为阴极,钼丝为阳极,研究外电场作用下耐火材料在炉渣中的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣系中,单质硅的析出电位约为-6.1V;在CaO-SiO_2-Fe_2O_3渣系中,单质铁的析出电位约为-1.25V,硅的析出电位为-5.85V。当外加电压小于炉渣分解压时,电压趋使炉渣中离子(Fe~(2+),SiO_4~(2-))定向移动,阴极附近熔渣粘度不断增加,熔渣在耐火材料中扩散速度下降,导致炉渣渗透深度减小。当外加电压高于炉渣分解压时,电压加速炉渣的电化学分解,单质Si和Fe的析出是诱发熔渣组成发生偏移的驱动力,加速高熔点沉积层的形成,而高熔点沉积层有效阻断炉渣与耐火材料直接接触,导致渗透深度显著下降。高熔点沉积层组成与熔渣组成密切相关,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣系中主要由Ca_2SiO_4组成,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO渣系中主要由MgAl_2O_4组成。     

Na_2O-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O系水化物凝胶对Cs~+的吸附机理

在35℃恒温水化反应90d条件下,制备了Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O系水化物凝胶,探讨了水化物凝胶的化学组成对Cs+吸附性能的影响;讨论了水化物凝胶对Cs+的吸附热力学行为。结果表明,当化学组成为n(CaO+Na2O)/n(SiO2+Al2O3)=0.66,n(Al2O3)/n(SiO2)=0.3时,凝胶对Cs+的3d吸附量可达10.6936mg/g;温度越低,吸附量越大,凝胶对Cs+的吸附近似服从Freudlich、Langmuir和D-R吸附等温式,反应为放热反应,且以离子交换吸附为主;吉布斯自由能和吸附熵为均为负值,反应能自发进行。吸附动力学符合Lagergren假二级速率方程模型。     

SiO2基酸化剂高温消解转炉钢渣中游离CaO的研究

转炉钢渣中游离CaO的水化膨胀是导致转炉钢渣体积安定性不良的重要原因.通过高温配加SiO2基酸化弃,改变w(SiO2)/w(CaO)对转炉钢渣进行稳钙改质处理.利用化学检测分析、X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜对SiO2基酸化剂高温消解转炉钢渣中游离CaO的效果和特征进行研究.结果表明,改质后的转炉钢渣的w(SiO2)/w(CaO)在0.37以上,就能满足钢渣中f-CaO低于3％的水泥和混凝土行业使用标准,且消解率达到60％以上,而当w(SiO2)/w(CaO)为0.67时,f-CaO低于1％,且消解率达到90％以上;改质前后转炉钢渣的矿相组成有明显差异,改质后转炉钢渣以硅酸二钙、镁黄长石、镁铁尖晶石、磁铁矿和铁铝酸钙相为主,并且镁黄长石相随着w(SiO2)/w(CaO)的增大而增多;转炉钢渣酸化稳钙前f-CaO被紧密包裹在矿相基体中,高温酸化改质后,团簇状聚集的f-CaO颗粒会嵌在硅酸盐相间,无明显包裹现象,尺寸为0.5～2 μm.     

Synthesis of SiC/Al Co-Continuous Composite by Spontaneous Melt Infiltration

1. IntroductionBecause of the adVantages such as ease of fabrication, low cost and near net shape forming capability,liquid metal infiltration has become a popular technique to fabricate metal matriX composites(MMCs)with high contellt reinforcements. In the process ofmelt infiltration, liquid metal penetrates into the continuous porosity of a packed ceramic filler or preform either by aPPlied positive or negative pressuresuch as in vacuum infiltration[1], pressurized liquldmetal infiltration…     

Evaluation of the Electroslag Remelting Process in Medical Grade of 316LC Stainless Steel

This study is focused on the effects of electroslag remelting by prefused slag(CaO,Al2O3,and CaF2)on macrostructure and reduction of inclusions in the medical grade of 316LC(316LVM)stainless steel.Analysis of the obtained results indicated that for production of a uniform ingot structure during electroslag remelting, shape and depth of the molten pool should be carefully controlled.High melting rates led to deeper pool depth and interior radial solidification characteristics,while decrease in the melting ra...     

Novel and durable composite phase change thermal energy storage materials with controllable melting temperature

The development of high temperature phase change materials(PCMs)with great comprehensive per-formance is significant in the future thermal energy storage system.In this study,novel and durable Al-Si/Al2O3-AlN composite PCMs with controllable melting temperature were successfully synthesized by using pristine Al powder as raw material and tetraethyl orthosilicate as SiO2 source.The Al2O3 shell and Al-Si alloy were in-situ produced via the substitution reaction between molten Al and SiO2.Impor-tantly,the crack caused by the incomplete encapsulation of the Al2O3 shell could repair itself by the nitridation reaction of internal molten Al and thereby forming a highly dense Al2O3-AlN composite shell.The produced dense Al2O3-AlN composite shell could significantly improve the thermal cycling stability of composite PCMs,and thus,the thermal storage density decrease of the Al-Si/Al2O3-AlN(59.8 J/g to 77.7 J/g)was far less than that of the Al-Si/Al2O3(118.5 J/g)after 3000 thermal cycles.Moreover,the syn-thesized Al-Si/Al2O3-AlN still exhibited a controllable melting temperature(571.5-637.9℃),relatively high thermal storage density(105.6-150.7 J/g),great dimensional stability and structural stability after 3000 thermal cycles.Hence,the synthesized Al-Si/Al2O3-AlN composite PCMs,as promising preferential thermal energy storage materials,can be stably used in the energy utilization efficiency improvement of various systems for more than 6 years.     

Preparation of poly(acrylic)/SiO2/EuL3 x 2H2O, hybrid thin films from monodispersed colloidal silica

In this study, poly(acrylic)/SiO2/EuL3 x 2H2O hybrid thin films were prepared from various acrylic monomers (MMA and EDMA/TMPTA), lanthanide metal complexes (EuL3 x 2H2O, L = pyridine carboxylic acid), and monodispersed colloidal silica with a coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA). It is a combination of the sol-gel reaction, thermal polymerization, and spin coating. The silica content in the hybrid thin films is fixed at 20 wt%, and the EuL3 x 2H2O content is varied from 0.01 g to 0.07 g. FTIR and EA analysis confirms the chemical structure of the prepared EuL3 x 2H2O and poly(acrylic)/SiO2/EuL3 x 2H2O hybrid thin films. UV-Vis spectra and n&k analysis shows that the hybrid thin film has good transparency in visible light. The refractive index of hybrid thin films can be effectively controlled through the EuL3 x 2H2O content. The PL spectra shows that the strongest emission peak occurs at 615 nm and the emission intensity increases to the peak maximum at an EuL3 x 2H2O content of 0.05 g. Both TGA and PL analysis show that the prepared hybrid thin films from the crosslinked acrylic polymer moiety have much better film uniformity, thermal stability, and fluorescence properties. The TEM diagram shows that the MSMA/SiO2/EuL3 x 2H2O particles with a size 15-20 nm are well dispersed in the reaction solution. The SEM diagram shows that the particle distribution in the prepared hybrid thin films is uniform and no phase separation is observed. Finally, AFM analysis indicates that the prepared hybrid thin films have an excellent surface planarity.     

Evaluation of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-Na2O-Fe2O3 bioglass-ceramics for hyperthermia application

Magnetic bioglass ceramics (MBC) are being considered for use as thermoseeds in hyperthermia treatment of cancer. While the bioactivity in MBCs is attributed to the formation of the bone minerals such as crystalline apatite, wollastonite, etc. in a physiological environment, the magnetic property arises from the magnetite [Fe3O4] present in these implant materials. A new set of bioglasses with compositions 41CaO x (52-x)SiO2 x 4P2O5 x xFe2O3 x 3Na2O (2 < or = x < or = 10 mol% Fe2O3) have been prepared by melt quenching method. The as-quenched glasses were then heat treated at 1050 degrees C for 3 h to obtain the glass-ceramics. The structure and microstructure of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and microscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction data revealed the presence of magnetite in the heat treated samples with x > or = 2 mol% Fe2O3. Room temperature magnetic property of the heat treated samples was investigated using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. Field scans up to 20 kOe revealed that the glass ceramic samples had a high saturation magnetization and low coercivity. Room temperature hysteresis cycles were also recorded at 500 Oe to ascertain the magnetic properties at clinically amenable field strengths. The area under the magnetic hysteresis loop is a measure of the heat generated by the MBC. The coercivity of the samples is another important factor for hyperthermia applications. The area under the loop increases with an increase in Fe2O3 molar concentration and the. coercivity decreases with an increase in Fe2O3 molar concentration The evolution of magnetic properties in these MBCs as a function of Fe2O3 molar concentration is discussed and correlated with the amount of magnetite present in them.     

Investigation of the stability of hardened slag paste for the stabilization/solidification of wastes containing heavy metal ions

We have studied the effect of chromium ions and lead ions on the chemical stability of hardened slag paste with toxic wastes during the stabilization/solidification process. The influences of Cr and Pb ions on the hydration of slag were also investigated. Sodium silicate (Na(2)SiO(3)), 5 wt.% of slag, was used as an alkali activator for slag hydration. The physical stability of hardened paste containing partial replacement of slag with fly ash and gypsum was also examined.When gypsum was added to slag, the compressive strength of hardened slag paste developed, accompanying the activation of alumino-ferrite-tricalciumsulfate (Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-3CaSO(4), AFt) and alumino-ferrite-monocalciumsulfate (Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-CaSO(4), AFm) phase generation. Those phases caused densification of the microstructure. Concurrently, the leaching amount of heavy metal ions was decreased. When fly ash was added to slag, the compressive strength increased and the leaching amount decreased with both active formation of aluminate hydrates and ion substitution. Lead ions were mostly stabilized through physical encapsulation by the hardened slag paste's hydrate matrix. In the case of chromium ions, we observed that it was mainly solidified through the formation of a substitutional solid solution with aluminum atoms in the structure of aluminate hydrates.     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-F系可切削微晶玻璃的晶化机理研究

在CaO MgO Al2 O3 SiO2 F系可切削微晶玻璃体系中 ,本研究分析了K2 O和ZrO2 对玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响 ,探讨了晶化机理。K+ 促使云母相的生成和球晶的形成 ;晶化过程中 ,云母和顽辉石互为外延生长 ,使球晶中条状晶解离为片状晶。ZrO2 与F- 一起促使玻璃晶化后形成棒状云母晶粒 ,并具有晶粒长径比大、相互交错的显微结构     

Fe~(3+)/Ti~(4+)赋存状态对钛酸铝/莫来石复合材料结构的影响

借助XRD、SEM和能谱分析仪等手段,研究了1 600℃煅烧中低品位矾土制备的钛酸铝/莫来石(Al_2TiO_5ss/3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss)复合材料经1 200℃保温12h后结构的稳定性。结果表明:高温煅烧中低品位矾土后,其合成材料的结晶物相组成为3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss、Al_2TiO_5ss和少量残存的方石英;Fe~(3+)或Ti~(4+)离子以不同形态赋存于结晶相(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss和Al_2TiO_5ss)和非晶相。含Fe~(3+)/Ti~(4+)离子的3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss将Al_2TiO_5ss结晶相分割,使其蜷缩其间,并抑制Al_2TiO_5ss的分解;高温下,二者因组成元素相近而致使晶界融合,进而共同构建了体系牢固的致密骨架结构。由3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss和Al_2TiO_5ss等高温物相构成的致密结构将非晶相挤压于空隙结构的3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss晶间,避免了低熔点相富集带来的不利影响,进而赋予该Al_2TiO_5ss/3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2ss复合材料良好的结构稳定性。