专利文摘

专利文摘含磷酸型甜菜碱的化妆品淀粉磷酸酯５０和缩水甘油基三甲基氯化铵１７在６０℃反应１５ｈ，得淀粉聚［３－（Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ－三甲基）－２－羟丙基磷酸内铵］（Ⅰ）２７ｇ。护发剂含十八烷基三甲基氯化铵１．３、十六醇４、Ｉ５和水至１００Ｗｔ％。该剂在皮肤上保湿...     

3—十二烷氧基—2—羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成及表面性能研究

本文以月桂醇为原料合成了含羟丙基的新型阳离子表面活性剂３－十二烷氧基－２－羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵。测定了该产品的表面张力，研究了温度、氯化钠对其表面性能的影响。     

3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵中环氧氯丙烷的测定

３－氯－２－羟丙基三甲基氯化铵是造纸工业中的重要助剂,主要作为醚化剂用于阳离子淀粉的生产。本文用二硫化碳作萃取剂,直接萃取,用气相色谱法测定,方法简便,准确性好。     

氯铵型阳离子淀粉

氯铵型阳离子淀粉１．工艺在碱性条件下，淀粉与阳离子醚化剂（３－氯－２－羟丙基三甲基氯化铵）反应而生成。２．产品特点及用途阳离子淀粉是一类很重要的工业用变性淀粉，广泛应用于造纸工业，纺织工业及油田钻井等领域。阳离子淀粉之所以受到造纸工业的重视，主要是因...     

N－（3－烷氧基－2－羟丙基）－N，N－二乙基氯化铵的合成及其cmc的测定

Ｎ－（３－烷氧基－２－羟丙基）－Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基氯化铵的合成及其ｃｍｃ的测定３－烷氧基－２－羟丙基－Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙胺既可作为合成相转移催化剂的原料，同时其盐又是一种性能优良的阳离子表面活性剂（这里指烷基碳数在８～１８）。作者曾报道了３－辛氧基－２－羟丙基...     

絮凝技术在香波中的研究及应用

通过实验和絮凝图片比较分析,研究了絮凝的形成及其护发原理。实验结果表明,阳离子聚合物的絮凝效果随着分子量和电荷密度的增大而提升,而氢化钠的添加量对絮凝的形成具有极为关键的作用。通过筛选不同的阳离子聚合物,得出具有理想絮凝效果的阳离子聚合物为决明胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵与瓜儿胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,而具有较高电荷密度的决明胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵具有更好的絮凝效果。     

相转移催化合成3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵

３－氯－２－羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（简称ＣＨＰＴ－ＭＡ）是一种带有活性基团的阳离子型表面活性剂,也是重要的有机合成中间体。合成ＣＨ－ＰＴＭＡ有多种方法［１～４］。其中最简单、经济、实用的方法是在水中由三甲胺盐酸盐与环氧氯丙烷反应生成ＣＨＰＴＭＡ［５,６］...     

3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成进展与应用

介绍了3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的几种合成方法———常规法、水相法和有机溶剂法,重点对以无水乙醇为溶剂、以三甲胺盐酸盐和环氧氯丙烷为原料的有机溶剂法进行了研究。综述了3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵在石油开采、环保和造纸中的应用。     

阳离子瓜尔胶含氮量对洗发水梳理性的影响

研究了洗发水中调理剂瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的含氮量对洗发水梳理性的影响。利用凯氏定氮仪测定不同公司7种阳离子瓜尔胶产品中的氮含量,并将各个公司产品应用到二合一香波洗发水中进行梳理性的对比。研究表明,瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的含氮量较大者应用于洗发水中梳理性较好。     

3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成及应用

介绍了3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成、改性及应用的研究进展。     

Biocidal Polymers: Preparation and Antimicrobial Assessment of Immobilized Onium Salts onto Modified Chitosan

New derivatives of chitosan were synthesized by modification of chitosan (CTS) either with chloroacetyl chloride or with bromoacetyl chloride. The haloacetylated chitosan derivatives were quaternized by reaction with triethyl amine and triphenyl phosphine. The quaternized new derivatives of chitosan were tested against Gram-negative bacteria the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungi by the cut plug method and viable cell counting methods. The results showed that the new chitosan derivatives have stronger antimicrobial activities than the chitosan itself. The examination of the treated cells by TEM showed complete discharge of cellular cytoplasm which led to the death of the cells.     

O-二酸单酯-N,N双长链烷基壳寡糖的制备及表征

壳寡糖与月桂醛反应生成Schiff碱,再用NaBH4还原合成N,N-双十二烷基化壳寡糖,然后在均相条件下与酸酐反应制备了含有不同亲水基团的新型双亲性壳寡糖衍生物:O-丁烯二酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OBDCS)、O-丁二酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OSDCS)和O-邻苯二甲酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OPDCS)。用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析等方法对产物的结构进行了表征,并试验了其溶解性能。结果表明,改性产物的溶解性能明显优于未改性的N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖,拓宽了壳寡糖的应用范围。     

壳聚糖衍生物在化妆品中的应用

综述了壳聚糖衍生物:羟基化壳聚糖、羧基化壳聚糖、酰化壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备方法,并介绍了它们在化妆品方面的应用性能.     

壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其在化妆品中的应用

综述了目前几类壳聚糖衍生物：羧甲基壳聚糖、羧基壳聚糖、壳聚糖羟烷基衍生物、壳聚糖或酰基化衍生物、壳聚糖磺化衍生物、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备方法．分别介绍了它们的性能和在护肤品、洗发香波、头发调理剂、定型剂以及洗浴剂中的应用，同时举出了较典型的应用实例，为此方面研究工作提供了参考配方。     

Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization

The biomedical and therapeutic importance of chitosan and chitosan derivatives is the subject of interdisciplinary research. In this analysis, we intended to consolidate some of the recent discoveries regarding the potential of chitosan and its derivatives to be used for biomedical and other purposes. Why chitosan? Because chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can be obtained from one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature, which is chitin. Compared to other biopolymers, chitosan presents some advantages, such as accessibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and no toxicity, expressing significant antibacterial potential. In addition, through chemical processes, a high number of chitosan derivatives can be obtained with many possibilities for use. The presence of several types of functional groups in the structure of the polymer and the fact that it has cationic properties are determinant for the increased reactive properties of chitosan. We analyzed the intrinsic properties of chitosan in relation to its source: the molecular mass, the degree of deacetylation, and polymerization. We also studied the most important extrinsic factors responsible for different properties of chitosan, such as the type of bacteria on which chitosan is active. In addition, some chitosan derivatives obtained by functionalization and some complexes formed by chitosan with various metallic ions were studied. The present research can be extended in order to analyze many other factors than those mentioned. Further in this paper were discussed the most important factors that influence the antibacterial effect of chitosan and its derivatives. The aim was to demonstrate that the bactericidal effect of chitosan depends on a number of very complex factors, their knowledge being essential to explain the role of each of them for the bactericidal activity of this biopolymer.     

壳聚糖类化合物在卷烟减害中的研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物的结构特性,综述了壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物以及壳聚糖-活性炭复合滤咀在卷烟制品降焦减害中的应用研究进展。     

糠醛改性O-季铵化壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其抗菌性能

在制备水溶性较好的O-季铵化壳聚糖基础上,进一步与糠醛反应制备O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱及还原产物O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖衍生物,用FTIR、1H NMR、EA（元素分析）、TG（热重分析）对产物进行表征。测定产物的最低抑菌浓度和抑菌率,并与O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱的抑菌效果进行比较。结果表明,产物对革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus的抗菌效果优于革兰氏阴性菌E. coli,在pH值5.5的条件下抗菌效果优于pH 值7.2。并且O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖的抗菌效果>O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱>O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱 > O-季铵化-壳聚糖。研究表明,含呋喃杂环的壳聚糖衍生物的抗菌活性明显优于不含杂环的壳聚糖衍生物。     

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan derivatives carrying galactose residues

A series of water‐soluble chitosan derivatives, carrying galactose residues, were synthesized by using an alternative method in which the galactose groups were introduced into amino groups of the derivatives. First, hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECS) and hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) were synthesized under alkaline conditions by using chitosan and propylene or chitosan and ClCH₂CH₂OH as the starting materials, respectively. Then lactobionic acid was added into the systems so as to form galactosylated HECS (Gal‐HECS) and galactosylated HPCS (Gal‐HPCS) with substitution degrees of 53 and 47%, respectively. Lactosaminated HPCS (Lac‐HPCS) and Lactosaminated HECS (Lac‐HECS) were obtained with substitution degrees of 42 and 38%, respectively, by the reductive amination of the mixtures of lactose and HECS or lactose and HPCS with potassium borohydride present in the reaction. The chemical structures of new chitosan derivatives were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis. Some physical properties were also analyzed by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The novel chitosan derivatives carrying galactose residues may be used as additives for hepatic targeting delivery. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2161–2167, 2005     

壳聚糖及其衍生物对汞离子的吸附研究进展

综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在废水治理方面除汞的最新进展,介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物在不同条件下的吸附能力。其中,壳聚糖对Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附能力在430～1 127mg/g之间,而壳聚糖衍生物能增加吸附的稳定性和选择性。此外,磁性吸附技术是近年来研究的热点。     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Schiff base of chitosan and acylated chitosan

Chitosan, a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic polymer, is prepared from chitin, which is the second most naturally occurring biopolymer after cellulose. Schiff base of chitosan, sorbyl chitosan, and p‐aminobenzoyl chitosan were synthesized working under high‐intensity ultrasound and their antimicrobial properties were analyzed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results of antimicrobial activities indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the derivatives increased with increasing the concentration. The antibacterial activity of schiff base of chitosan against E. coli was stronger, while acylated chitosan had better inhiting effect on S. aureus than others. It was also found that the antifungal activities of the derivatives were stronger than that of chitosan, and schiff base of chitosan was obviously superior to acylated chitosan. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012