固相研磨法制备AgI/Ag3PO4复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用固相研磨法，以Ag₃PO₄和KI为原料在研钵中研磨，机械化学效应作用下发生固相反应，在Ag₃PO₄表面包覆生成了AgI纳米粒子。改变研磨时间和反应物中KI的摩尔分数能够调控AgI/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化剂的组成和形貌。AgI/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化剂显示较强的可见光吸收性质，其光催化活性显著高于Ag₃PO₄或AgI。反应物中KI摩尔分数为10%，研磨时间为10min时制备得到的样品显示出最高的光催化活性，可见光照射1h，罗丹明B降解率达到99%，并具有较好的稳定性和循环利用效果。AgI壳层可以避免磷酸银的光腐蚀，提高了磷酸银在水中的结构稳定性。AgI的导带和价带位置比Ag₃PO₄更负，因此AgI的光生电子容易迁移到Ag₃PO₄表面，同时Ag₃PO₄产生的光生空穴可以迁移到AgI的价带上，降低了光生电子和空穴的复合，提高了光催化效率。     

Ag3PO4/g-C3N4异质结催化剂可见光降解黄连素

采用原位生长法制备Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄异质结催化剂,在可见光照射下,催化氧化降解废水中的药物大分子黄连素。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）分析催化剂的组成和结构,并测试了Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄降解黄连素的光催化活性。结果表明：利用可见光照射,g-C₃N₄掺杂量为0.7 g时,Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄对黄连素的光催化降解活性最好,可见光反应15 min降解率达到100%,重复4次实验后降解率降至73.2%,其具有较好的光稳定性。自由基捕获实验证明h⁺和·O₂^-在降解黄连素废水中起主要作用,结合UV-vis DRS分析可知,Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄遵循Z型异质结机理。     

钨酸锌/磷酸银复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用水热法合成钨酸锌（ZnWO₄）粉体,再通过原位沉淀法将磷酸银（Ag₃PO₄）聚集于ZnWO₄表面制备ZnWO₄/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化剂。通过罗丹明B光催化降解实验,探讨Ag₃PO₄含量对ZnWO₄ /Ag₃PO₄材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明,当复合粉体中Ag₃PO₄质量分数超过40%时,其光催化性能比单一成分的Ag₃PO₄催化剂更优。Ag₃PO₄质量分数为50%时,复合材料的光催化性能最佳,循环使用5次后其光催化效率仍可达到90%以上。     

Ag3PO4/WO3复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

通过原位沉淀法制备了Ag₃PO₄/WO₃复合光催化材料并用于降解盐酸四环素(TC),利用SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS和UV-vis DRS等手段对合成材料的表观形貌、化学组成和分子结构等进行了表征,并以可见光下催化降解TC(10 mg/L)的效果来评价材料的光催化性能。与单一Ag₃PO₄和WO₃相比,可见光照射60 min后,Ag₃PO₄/WO₃复合材料对TC具有更高的光降解性能,WO₃质量分数为25%时性能最优,TC降解率达到最高84.82%,且经5次循环后仍具有较好的光催化活性。通过对自由基捕获试验以及对电子顺磁共振(ESR)光谱的分析,明确h⁺和O₂^·-为Ag₃PO₄/WO₃复合材料光催化降解TC过程中的主要活性物质,推断出Ag<...     

g-C3N4/Ag3PO4复合光催化剂的制备及其降解盐酸四环素的研究

针对g-C₃N₄比表面小、光学载流子复合率偏高等问题,本文采用原位沉积的方法制备出g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化剂,借助XRD、FT-IR、SEM等进行表征,成功构筑出g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄异质结。通过机理分析,产生光催化降解作用的活性物种主要为·O^2-。探索了不同条件下对材料的光催化性能的影响,实验结果显示,CN/Ag₃PO₄-20的复合光催化剂为最佳比例,在pH=7,T=25℃的条件下,其经过2 h的可见光辐射,光催化效率可达89.31%,经5次实验后效率仍能达到79.79%,获得较好的循环稳定性,同时将g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄复合材料应用在实际水体中降解四环素均表现出良好性能。     

磷酸银光催化性能提升与增强机制的研究进展

Ag₃PO₄是目前光催化效率最高的可见光光催化剂之一,在降解有机污染物、分解水制氢和CO₂还原等领域具有广泛的应用前景。但Ag₃PO₄光催化性能距离实际应用还存在一定差距,化学性质也不稳定,因此对其性能提升受到了各国研究者的关注。围绕Ag₃PO₄纳米化、形貌控制、异质结构等提升光催化性能的途径及其增强机制进行阐述,其中与Ag₃PO₄形成异质结构是目前提升其光催化性能的最主流的方法,Ag₃PO₄与金属氧化物、卤化物、硫化物、有机半导体、单质金属形成的异质结构均有效改善了其光催化性能,最后还对Ag₃PO₄基光催化剂未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Ag/g-C3N4光催剂的构建及降解7-氨基头孢烷酸机理

研究了Ag/g-C₃N₄光催化剂的制备及降解7-氨基头孢烷酸的性能和机理。通过贵金属表面沉积法制备 Ag/g-C₃N₄光催化剂，利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究催化剂的形貌和微观结构，通过X光射线能谱（XRD）研究催化剂的晶体结构，采用红外光谱（FTIR）研究催化剂的表面化学官能团，紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）研究催化剂的能带结构和光学性质，通过光催化降解7-氨基头孢烷酸评价Ag/g-C₃N₄的催化性能。结果表明，本研究制备得到了高纯度和高催化性能的Ag/g-C₃N₄光催化剂，与单体g-C₃N₄相比，Ag/g-C₃N₄的吸光性能得到了明显提升，光生电子-空穴的分离和传输性能得到了增强。可见光照射120min时，7%-Ag/g-C₃N₄对7-ACA的降解效率约为78.55%，是单体g-C₃N₄降解效率的1.38倍。本研究为拓宽g-C₃N₄基催化剂在光催化领域的应用提供了崭新的研究思路。     

Ag3PO4光催化-臭氧催化氧化协同降解苯酚

以Ag₃PO₄为光催化剂并通入臭氧构建了光催化-催化臭氧氧化协同体系，大幅度提高了对苯酚的降解效率。协同处理6 min后可将30 mg/L的苯酚溶液完全降解，在达到相同降解效率时，与单一氧化技术相比时间缩短了3倍。协同体系降解性能的提升源于臭氧的亲电特性，不仅加速了光生电荷的迁移，提升了光催化降解活性；同时还有效提高了臭氧利用效率，催化分解臭氧能产生更多的羟基自由基(·OH)，协同促进了苯酚的降解矿化性能。进一步通过猝灭实验验证了·OH是协同降解体系的主要活性物种，考察了臭氧浓度、催化剂投加量、苯酚浓度和酸碱性对降解效率的影响，探讨了光催化-臭氧催化氧化协同降解苯酚的降解机理。     

MoO3/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以三聚氰胺和四水合钼酸铵为前驱体,采用水热法制备了MoO₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。利用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）及紫外-可见漫反射仪（DRS）等对制备的样品进行了表征。表征结果显示,棒状的三氧化钼负载在层状C₃N₄表面,复合材料的光吸收能力有一定的增强。材料可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液的实验表明,三氧化钼和g-C₃N₄所复合产生的异质结具有较好的吸收光强度及催化降解性能,尤其是5%（质量分数）MoO₃/g-C₃N₄复合材料光催化降解率最好,达到95.7%,高于纯三氧化钼和g-C₃N₄。自由基与空穴捕获实验表明,·O₂^-是光催化反应中的主要活性物种。MoO₃/g-C₃N₄复合材料在4个循环周期内表现出了优异的稳定性。     

FeWO4/WO3复合物的溶胶-凝胶合成及降解纺织染料废水研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以尿素作为燃料一步合成具有高光催化活性的特殊异质结结构的钨酸铁/三氧化钨（FeWO₄/WO₃）复合光催化剂。X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂不含其他任何杂质,仅出现了FeWO₄和WO₃两相的衍射峰。FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂由FeWO₄的菱形大颗粒和球形的WO₃小颗粒组成,二者以（111）（020）晶面耦合形成异质结。与WO₃相比,FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂的光谱响应范围被拓展,且具有更高的光吸收系数,可响应可见光。对不同染料浓度、催化剂含量、pH和染料种类对FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂的光催化活性影响的实验研究表明,染料浓度、催化剂含量和pH分别为50 mg/L、1.5 g/L和7时,FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂在降解分散橙纺织染料时降解率达到97%。FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂在降解分散黑、分散蓝、分散黄和分散橙时具有选择性。通过光催化机理分析发现,FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂形成的特殊异质结结构可加速体系电荷载流子的转移和分离,进而使得FeWO₄/WO₃复合光催化剂的光催化活性得到提高。     

g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

结合热缩聚法和水热法制备了g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合光催化剂,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸附-脱附曲线、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、光致发光光谱（PL）等分析测试技术对材料的结构和性能进行了表征,研究了材料光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的效果。结果表明,与纯Bi₂MoO₆相比,g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料提高了对可见光的吸收能力,减小了带隙宽度,在可见光激发下提高了降解RhB的光催化活性。其中,5% g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料对RhB的降解率最高,在可见光照射180 min对RhB的降解率为93%;而同样条件下Bi₂MoO₆对RhB的降解率为58%。重复性实验表明,复合材料在RhB光降解过程中是稳定的,具有较好的应用潜力。     

Photocatalytic effect of carbon-modified n-TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light illumination

The present research focused on wet process synthesis of visible light active carbon-modified (CM)-n-TiO₂ nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity. The CM-n-TiO₂ was synthesized by hydrolysis of TiCl₄ in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and also in the presence of glucose and sodium hydroxide. UV–vis spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FT-IR were used to characterize these photocatalysts. It was found that the CM-n-TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by hydrolysis with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide or with sodium hydroxide and glucose when subjected to extended aging and subsequent calcinations absorb well into the visible to near infrared region up to 800 nm and exhibit enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity on degradation of 4-chlorophenol. CM-n-TiO₂ synthesized using glucose as the carbon source generated 13-fold increase in the initial rate of photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol compared to those by regular n-TiO₂, whereas, it increased only eight-fold when tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was used as the carbon source.     

Ag nanoparticles loaded TiO2/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite: A visible-light-driven photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic performance and stability

A visible light active photocatalyst, Ag/TiO₂/MWCNT was synthesized by loading of Ag nanoparticles onto TiO₂/MWCNT nanocomposite. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO₂/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite was evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV and visible light irradiation. Ag/TiO₂/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite exhibits (~9 times) higher photocatalytic activity than TiO₂/MWCNT and (~2 times) higher than Ag/TiO₂ binary nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effect between Ag nanoparticles and MWCNT, which enhance the charge separation efficiency by Schottky barrier formation at Ag/TiO₂ interface and role of MWCNT as an electron reservoir. Effect of different scavengers on the degradation of methylene blue dye in the presence of catalyst has been investigated to find the role of photogenerated electrons and holes. Simultaneously, the Ag/TiO₂/MWCNT shows excellent photocatalytic stability. This work highlights the importance of Ag/TiO₂/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite as highly efficient and stable visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes.     

均苯三甲酸银[{Ag(H2btc)}{Ag2(Hbtc)}]n配位聚合物的光催化性能和抗菌性能研究

采用1,3,5-苯三甲酸(H₃btc)与硝酸银(AgNO₃)在MeOH/H₂O混合溶液中通过自组装反应构建出[{Ag(H₂btc)}{Ag₂(Hbtc)}]n配合物。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对材料的形貌和组成进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)和罗丹明B(RhB)为脱色降解模型,测定样品可见光下的光催化降解性能。通过抑菌环、生长曲线和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)检测其抗菌性能。结果表明所得的化合物材料纯度较高,具有良好的可见光下光催化性能和抗菌性能。     

Fabrication and characterization of CdS/BiVO4 nanocomposites with efficient visible light driven photocatalytic activities

Novel CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites were synthesized by simple solvothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and photoluminescence (PL). In the nanocomposites, CdS particles were deposited on the surface of the BiVO₄. The photocatalytic tests showed that the CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites possessed a higher rate for degradation of malachite green (MG) than the pure BiVO₄ under visible light irradiation. The 1.5-CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposite photocatalyst was found to degrade 98.3% of MG under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites was also discussed. The results showed that the nanocomposite construction between CdS and BiVO₄ played a very important role in their photocatalytic properties, which has the potential application in solving environmental pollution issues utilizing solar energy effectively.     

Synthesis of CuO/MXene nanocomposite to study its photocatalytic and antibacterial properties

In this work, bare copper oxide CuO nanoparticles, MXene nanosheets and their CuO/MXene nanocomposite were synthesized for enhanced photocatalytic activity. CuO nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally, MXene was synthesized via HF etching, and their nanocomposite was formed via a simple ultrasonication route. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques to analyse their structural and functional group features. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the surface morphologies of all the samples. UV–visible spectroscopic analysis was used to calculate the band gap energies of CuO, MXene and CuO/MXene. The enhanced surface area of the synthesized nanocomposite supported excellent photocatalytic activity. The maximum degradation of methylene blue by CuO/MXene was recorded at approximately 1 h. The higher degradation rate of methylene blue by the nanocomposite is due to the effective intercalation of nanoparticles between the MXene nanosheets, resulting in increased electron trapping ability of the photocatalyst.     

酞菁镍-SnO_2纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用化学修饰法制备不同摩尔配比的酞菁镍、SnO2(NiPc-SnO2)纳米复合材料。对制备的复合粒子进行XRD和IR表征,测定其在可见光条件下对罗丹明B的光催化降解能力。结果表明,酞菁镍-SnO2纳米复合材料红外光谱图中出现了M-O的振动吸收峰,表明NiPc与SnO2之间形成了部分化学键。在室温和可见光条件下,摩尔配比为1∶50的NiPc-SnO2纳米复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化降解率是64.3%。SnO2经NiPc敏化之后,在可见光范围内具有显著的光催化性能。     

Construction of defect-containing UiO-66/MoSe2 heterojunctions with superior photocatalytic performance for wastewater treatment and mechanism insight

Metal–organic frameworks are recognized as promising multifunctional materials, especially metal–organic framework-based photocatalysts, which are considered to be ideal photocatalytic materials. Herein, a new type of UiO-66/MoSe₂ composite was prepared using the solvothermal method. The optimum composite was selected by adjusting the mass ratio of UiO-66 and MoSe₂. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the mass ratio influenced the crystal plane exposure rate of the composite, which may have affected its photocatalytic performance. The composite is composed of ultra-thin flower-like MoSe₂ that wrapped around cubic UiO-66, a structure that increases the abundance of active sites for reactions and is more conducive to the separation of carriers. The photocatalytic properties of the composite were evaluated by measuring the degradation rate of Rhodamine B and the catalyst’s ability to reduce Cr(VI)-containing wastewater under visible light irradiation. Rhodamine B was decolorized completely in 120 min, and most of the Cr(VI) was reduced within 150 min. The photochemical mechanism of the complex was studied in detail. The existence of Mo⁶⁺ and oxygen vacancies, in addition to the Z-type heterojunction promote the separation of electrons and holes, which enhances the photocatalytic effect.