原位生成Al3Ti和TiB2增强铝基复合材料的研究

采用原位反应法制备（Al3Ti＋TiB2）／ZL101原位复合材料，测试其室温力学性能，并通过OPM、TEM观察其微观组织。结果表明，原位复合材料经过热处理后，抗拉强度、伸长率以及布氏硬度分别提高了30．9％、17．1％、29．6％。原位复合材料增强相TiB2和Al3Ti弥散分布在α-Al中，Al3Ti呈棒状，几乎与α-Al完全共格；TiB2呈粒状。（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／ZL101原位复合材料强韧化的主要机制是细晶强化和弥散强化。     

原位增强相(TiB2+Al3Ti)形成的热力学分析

采用混合盐法制备了(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料,对增强相的形成热力学进行了分析,并采用差热分析法(DTA)对混合盐反应体系的热量变化进行分析.结果表明,Al-Ti-B三元体系中,TiB2的形成能力最强.但因[Ti]实际相对过剩,与Al结合形成Al3Ti,最终制得的复合材料中增强相为TiB2和Al3Ti;差热分析表明了混合盐体系加入到Al-4.5Cu熔体中,可以发生原位反应,形成增强相.原位反应的开始温度为900 ℃,结束温度为1 032 ℃.     

(TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的高温耐磨性能

本文采用混合盐法制备了(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al4.5Cu原位复合材料,研究了该复合材料在150℃下的干摩擦滑动磨损行为,并与基体合金进行对比.结果表明,载荷在10～20 N之间时,(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的磨损量低于基体合金,但并不明显;随载荷的增加(特别是当载荷超过30 N之后),复合材料的磨损量仍低于基体合金,且复合材料的磨损量增大的速度小于基体合金磨损量的增长速度.(TiB3 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5 Cu原位复合材料同45钢对磨时的主要磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.随着原位反应体系中混合盐含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能提高,并逐渐由粘着磨损向磨粒磨损过渡.     

原位增强铸造Al-4.5Cu合金人工海水腐蚀行为的研究

研究用混合盐法制备的(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料在人工海水中的腐蚀行为,并与基体合金进行对比。结果表明,(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料在人工海水中比基体合金有较大的腐蚀敏感性;其腐蚀机制以点蚀为主,增强相颗粒在晶界的偏聚使其也出现晶间腐蚀;该原位复合材料在pH为7.0的人工海水中耐蚀性,比在pH为8.2的人工海水中好。     

原位生成Al3Zr和ZrB2增强铝基复合材料研究

采用原位反应法制备(ZrB2 Al3Zr)/ZL101原位复合材料,测试其室温力学性能,并通过OPM、TEM观察其显微组织.结果表明,原位复合材料经过热处理后,抗拉强度、伸长率以及布氏硬度分别提高了35.5%、12.2%、25.5%.原位复合材料增强相ZrB2和Al3Zr弥散分布在α-Al中,Al3Zr呈棒状,几乎与α-Al完全共格;ZrB2呈粒状.(ZrB2 Al3Zr)/ZL101原位复合材料强韧化的主要机制是细晶强化和弥散强化.     

(TiB_2+Al_3Ti)/ZL101原位复合材料的强化机理

采用透射电镜对(TiB2+Al3Ti)/ZL101原位复合材料中增强相组织、结构和分布进行了研究,测试了(TiB2+Al3Ti)/ZL101原位复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,原位复合材料经热处理后,其抗拉强度、硬度及伸长率都比ZL101基体材料高,分别提高了23.3%、23.5%、14.6%;增强相TiB2和Al3Ti颗粒均匀分布于-αAl基体中,对基体具有显著的晶粒细化效果;(TiB2+Al3Ti)/ZL101原位复合材料主要强化机制为细晶强化、固溶强化、弥散强化和位错强化。     

XD反应合成Al3Ti,α-Al2O3和TiB2/Al复合材料的界面结构

借助于SEM和TEM研究了Al—TiO2-B2O3系热扩散反应法合成铝基复合材料的界面结构。结果表明：在B2O3与TiO2摩尔比小于1时，增强相由棒状的Al3Ti及颗粒状的TiB2和α-Al2O3组成。Al3Ti与基体的界面干净、相容性好，在基体中分布均匀；TiB2与铝基体界面干净，并存在以下位向关系：[231^-]Al∥[0001]TiB2，（204^-）Al∥（2420^--）TiB2，可成为基体结晶时的核心，细化基体晶粒；口一Al2O3与铝基体的润湿性差，被推挤到基体颗粒的界面呈偏聚状态，并存有孪晶现象，其孪晶面为（111），孪生方向为[112^-]。     

原位生成TiB2/Al复合材料的界面微结构研究

利用透射电镜和高分辨电子显微镜研究了混合盐原位反应生成的TiB2/Al复合材料的界面微观结构。结果表明,原位生成的TiB2颗粒呈六方结构,颗粒周围存在部分位错,且TiB2颗粒与基体Al存在位向关系：[0001]TiB2∥[111]Al,（1^-21^-0）TiB2∥（110）Al。电镜观察显示TiB2/Al复合材料界面光滑洁净,没有其它反应产物,界面处原子结合良好。TiB2/Al界面结合为半共格界面结合,建立了TiB2/Al复合材料界面原子结合模型。     

(TiB2+Al3Ti)/ZL101原位复合材料的强化机理

采用透射电镜对（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／ZL101原位复合材料中增强相组织、结构和分布进行了研究，测试了（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／ZL101原位复合材料的力学性能。结果表明，原位复合材料经热处理后，其抗拉强度、硬度及伸长率都比ZL101基体材料高，分别提高了23．3％、23．5％、14．6％；增强相TiB2和Al3Ti颗粒均匀分布于α-Al基体中．对基体具有显著的晶粒细化效果；（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／ZL101原位复合材料主要强化机制为细晶强化、固溶强化、弥散强化和位错强化。     

反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位 (Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织.热压状态下,反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状,尺寸约几十微米; Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点,TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形,而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状.在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中,除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外,还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出,且呈弥散分布.热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点.Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成; TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成,因而均呈弥散分布,且尺寸细小.自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成Al3Ti时,Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散,因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.