图书馆照明环境中电子阅读视觉满意度预测模型

基于11个大型公共图书馆和高校图书馆的调研数据,建立多元线性回归方程,探讨客观照明参数与主观评价的关系,建立主观评价视觉满意度与照明参数相关的预测模型。该模型表明,在图书馆开放阅览空间中使用电子阅读媒体阅读时,读者视觉满意度随着水平照度平均值和垂直照度平均值的增加而提高;随着斜面照度平均值减少而增加;随着斜面照度均匀度和垂直照度均匀度的增加而提高。由此可以看出,斜面照度均匀度对视觉满意度的影响较大。     

城市商业步行街夜景亮化景观设计

现代化商业步行街的功能已由过去的购物和通行发展到了融购物、通行、休息、游览和娱乐为一体的综合性商业空间,是人们夜晚休闲、出游、购物的主要去处．良好的夜景观和舒适优美的灯光环境可以营造城市商业气氛、文化气氛和休闲气氛,并同时展示城市的形象。商业步行街的夜景照明除了满足基本的视看要求外,更多考虑的是如何创造一个更舒适、生动和充满情趣的城市空间环境。尝试用视知觉理论的研究成果．探讨商业步行街照明设计目标以及空间各要素的照明设计要求。简述了视知觉理论的基本观点：提出了基于视知觉的照明环境设计目标：明确了商业步行街夜景照明设计诸要素的处理方法。     

展示空间照明与色彩刍议

介绍了商业空间中的灯光照明设计,在色彩的帮助下,对完善空间功能、营造空间氛围、强化环境特色、定位场所性质等进行了论述,并指出商业展示的发展带动了色彩灯光设计的发展,而色彩灯光设计的发展丰富了商业展示空间并推动了商业展示设计的发展。     

浅析展示照明形式美

介绍了照明的艺术含义及作用,分析阐述了展示照明的几种基本形式,并对展示照明的装饰性进行了详细阐述,以达到提高展品价值,吸引人们视线,激发人们情感的良好效果。     

Optimizing Location and Capacity for Multiple Types of Locomotive Maintenance Shops

Thousands of locomotives run in the North America railroad network and each of them must receive periodic maintenance service; meanwhile, the locomotives may break down during shipment operations and demand repair. Maintenance shops are characterized by the types of locomotives they can handle and the level of service they can provide. This article formulates a mixed‐integer program model to optimize location and capacity of locomotive maintenance shops. The objective is to minimize the sum of the costs for building new (or shutting down existing) maintenance shops, the costs for capacity expansion (or reduction), and the costs for shipping broken locomotives to a suitable shop. A Lagrangian‐relaxation‐based heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the shop location and capacity planning problem. The model and solution techniques are applied to a full‐scale real‐world case study, while the computational results show that the current maintenance shops are overly built and recommend that two maintenance shops should be closed and an amount of capacities should be reduced from the existing shops. A series of numerical sensitivity analyses are also conducted to draw managerial insights.     

中国便利店的照明能耗预测模型与主观评价

便利店销售额在传统零售业中增幅最高,照明在所调研样本总室内能耗中占比为43%。基于全国257家便利店的数据,探讨便利店的照明特征。采用多重线性回归方法建立照明能耗预测模型,采用因子分析方法探讨客观参数与主观评价的联系。研究表明,对便利店,考虑照明节能时需同步关注其主观评价的变化;进行照明设计时需因地制宜;照明能耗预测模型为ln y=0.479ln x1+0.248ln x2-0.217(y为照明功率密度,x1为单位面积照明造价,x2为典型货架位置水平照度平均值);顾客对照明充足度的"敏感性"比照明均匀度高;提高照度平均值有助于提高主观评价。     

Application of the space syntax theory to quantitative street lighting design

A new design methodology for quantitative street lighting design planning using space syntax theory, which is used to generate a strategic design framework based on detailed analysis of spatial configuration, is described. The space syntax theory is based on the fact that any urban area can be represented as a matrix of connected spaces, and that mathematical properties of this matrix can be measured using computer simulations. This study explores the development of a strategic street lighting design methodology based on the results of the space syntax model, especially a level of pedestrian movement, which may have widespread usefulness in a schematic urban lighting design stage. As a case study, the relationship between observed pedestrian movement rate and the measured illuminance values of a particular district in Seoul, Korea is analyzed, and then a new quantitative street lighting plan is proposed.     

城市照明色光对居民室内活动的干扰阈值

城市照明的发展与LED的广泛使用致使居住区室外光环境日益明亮,且常见彩色光,居民的室内休闲娱乐活动所受到的影响也日见显著。从居民的主观感受出发,通过主观评价实验,得出正常室内照明情况下城市照明色光对居民看电视的干扰阈值,包括表征居民视觉感知的"明度阈值"和表征光源实际情况的"亮度阈值"。讨论了城市照明色光对居民室内活动干扰的季节差异、性别差异和色调差异,并对阈值结论的应用性进行了讨论。     

Smart lighting system using ANN-IMC for personalized lighting control and daylight harvesting

Lighting contributes a significant portion to the overall energy consumption in an office building. It is thus important to reduce the energy consumption of lighting systems especially for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB). Maximizing daylight harvesting can significantly increase the energy savings. With increase in demand for satisfying occupant preferences in visual comfort,the need for personalized lighting in the office space is also rising. In this paper,a novel lighting control system for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB) is proposed which models the lighting system using Artificial Neural Netw ork( ANN) and utili-zes this model with the Internal Model Control( IMC) principle for controller design. Modeling the lighting system using ANN reduces the challenge of modeling a large and complex system with inherent process variability without the need to analyze extensive data-sets. The proposed ANN-IMC controller uses feedback from sensors on the task table to maintain desired illuminance,is easy to tune with just one parameter and is robust to process variability. The proposed control design is applicable to square systems where the number of lights and number of sensors are equal. How ever,the proposed architecture can also be extended for controlling other lighting accessories such as roller blinds. The performance of the proposed lighting control system to harvest the daylight effectively is demonstrated using both simulation results and an experimental setup in test-bed environment. The versatility of the proposed system will allow an operator to deploy personalized lighting in an office space.     

Emotional evaluation of lighting in university classrooms: A preliminary study

In educational environments an improvement in the quality of interior lighting has a direct benefit in increasing productivity and alertness of students and teachers, as well as very important implications for the energy efficiency of th eeducation facilities but when a replacement with different lighting is analyzed, research may be tarnished by users’ preformed opinions, influenced by manufacturers and advertising. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the users’ point of view, even before of being subjected to any change in the lighting stimulus. Based on the Kansei Engineering framework, the general objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare the subjective evaluation of students’ pre-formed opinions to lighting provided by two types of lamps (fluorescentandLED). The subjective assessment of 427 university students has been compared over four years. The results show significant differences in students’ subjective evaluation. This finding highlights the existence of symbolic or functional attributes of the usefulness perceived by the student that could influence on investigations in which different types of lighting are compared.     

Criteria for energy efficient lighting in buildings

In order to assess the energy efficiency of an indoor lighting installation, a criterion for the installed electrical power is proposed which is broadly applicable and easy to use. Introducing target values for lamps and gear and taking into account some basic lighting comfort requirements, the maximum electrical power to be installed can be predicted for any kind of application. Herewith, one or more task areas with appropriate target illuminance values may be defined. The key parameter of the criterion is the analytical expression for the target utilance as a function of common lighting design parameters.Two practical examples illustrate the validity of the criterion. In a first example, a general case where the task area is coincident with a reference plane parallel with the floor has been studied. The values obtained converge to actual target values in current practice. In a second example, the lighting design of a store with many vertical task areas is explained. These cases illustrate the advantages of the criterion as compared to energy evaluation criteria based on the normalized power density.From 2010 on, the proposed criterion will be used in Flanders to assign grants for a re- or newlighting.     

Personalized dynamic design of networked lighting for energy-efficiency in open-plan offices

Electric lighting consumes 19% of total electricity production worldwide. Open-plan offices constitute the majority of office stock, in which most office workers perform their daily tasks, and hence the lighting in those offices has significant impact on, not only energy usage, but also occupants’ productivity. This paper presents a unique lighting optimization approach for open-plan offices that is capable of tuning task lighting to each occupant's preference in the most energy-efficient fashion. Exploiting individual controllability of the advanced networked lighting systems, each luminaire can be dynamically actuated at a different level to realize various lighting configurations without any physical rewiring. This research formulates lighting actuation into a linear programming problem and finds the optimal light outputs for each of the luminaires that collaboratively deliver specified lighting to each workstation while using the least amount of energy. Simulations using our lighting optimization approach have shown its versatility in providing proper workstation-specific task lighting under different requirements compared to business-as-usual practices. Energy savings are generated from tuning the light levels to occupants’ needs as well as keeping unoccupied areas unlit or minimally lit with this approach.     

隧道照明节能产品分析

针对隧道照明的特点,基于隧道照明节能降耗方面的要求,就如何选择隧道照明节能产品进行了分析,从隧道照明灯具、配套设施及辅助设施三方面的选择作了说明,从而选择合适的节能产品,减少隧道照明的投资。     

道路照明规划与发展

简述道路照明对城市建设的重要性，通过对国内外道路照明现状的介绍和分析，重点论述了近年道路照明评价指标以及路灯的微电脑控制手段。介绍照明光污染的危害和限制措施。概述我市道路照明基本情况，结合当前道路照明的发展趋势，提出太原市道路照明科技规划设想。     

商业空间展示照明设计的应用分析

介绍了天然照明、人工照明及综合照明等常见照明种类的性能与特点,分析了商业空间展示照明的主要方式,并研究了展示照明设计的典型特征,以创造良好的照明环境,提高展柜与展品的吸引力。     

浅谈应急照明设计

对应急照明包括的备用照明、疏散照明和安全照明进行了介绍,详细地阐述了建筑物应急照明的几种供电方式及适用场合,并对其优缺点进行了综合比较,以帮助人们合理选用应急照明方案.     

消防应急照明配电设计细节探讨

新国标《消防应急照明和疏散指示系统技术标准》实施后,配电距离较长的消防应急照明线路,存在末端电压降过大或计算值偏保守以及末端短路电流过小等问题。针对末端电压降过大或计算值偏保守问题,基于电压降计算公式,提出了一种新的实用计算方法,可以精确计算线路的电压降;针对线路末端短路电流过小问题,基于熔断器的熔断时间—电流特性曲线,提出了可以在规定时间内熔断的最小短路电流概念,计算出了安全电压下常用导线的极限供电距离。解决了电压降简化计算误差过大问题,提出了一种应急照明线路短路电流的便捷计算方法,可有效减少消防应急照明配电设计在此方面存在的安全隐患。     

关于外滩功能转换的设想

基于对上海城市功能平衡和性格的分析,从提高上海城市的文化品质出发,提出设想,将外滩作为一个区来考虑,沿江的中山东二路以博物馆为主,四川中路以品牌商品店为主,兼有小型剧场、展馆、私人收藏馆、特色餐饮、酒吧和茶馆的多功能文化生活中心,以取得经济和文化的双赢。     

泛光照明设计施工研究

泛光照明是一种既节电又能较好地体现建筑物的立体感和建筑形象的重要手段.随着我国的经济发展,将会有更多的高楼大厦相继建成,泛光照明也将被更多的人接受和欣赏.但由于各种原因,如幕墙和泛光照明未进行设计、施工衔接,或设计节点深度不够,施工中的两专业相互影响,造成幕墙局部漏水,使泛光照明效果达不到设计要求,进而影响到最后的视觉效果.通过介绍泛光照明及幕墙等相关专业的设计、施工配合,优化节点设计,从而保证泛光照明的施工质量.