马氏体/贝氏体耐热钢焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤行为

采用脉冲氩弧焊接工艺、高温加速模拟、高温持久实验研究了不同焊缝蠕变强度匹配条件下马氏体耐热钢9Cr1MoVNbN与贝氏体耐热钢12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头的高温强度、界面蠕变损伤及破坏特征.研究结果表明,焊前523 K预热、焊后1023 K×1 h回火条件下,接头的力学性能优异.加速模拟运行500,1000和1500 h后低匹配焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤最严重,发生了界面蠕变断裂,早期失效倾向较大;中匹配接头的蠕变损伤最小,仅发现个别孤立蠕变孔洞,早期失效倾向最小,中匹配接头在923 K下的持久强度(σ105)与低匹配接头比较接近;高匹配接头在923 K下的持久强度(σ105)最低,蠕变孔洞几乎连成裂纹,蠕变损伤和早期失效较大.因此,对于上述异种钢焊接接头采用中匹配焊缝较为合理.     

HR3C钢焊接接头700℃的蠕变组织演变

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,通过高温持久试验分析了700℃试验中HR3C钢焊接接头蠕变组织。结果表明,高温持久拉伸的HR3C钢接头组织中析出大量粗大的M23C6沿奥氏体晶界连续分布是促使蠕变裂纹产生的原因;在焊缝胞状树枝晶内的M23C6以针状形态几乎布满整个组织,加速了裂纹扩展,致使接头的蠕变断裂强度降低。     

异种金属和镀层金属的焊接

20093252铜铝接头压接-扩散复合连接工艺及试验/洪丽玲…//焊接学报.-2009,30(1):85~88采用压接-扩散复合连接能够实现T2铜/2A50铝合金异种金属的连接。这种焊接的工艺为先压接后在515℃扩散60min,然后取出热压并再次扩散90min。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、导电率、抗拉强度等测试方法对T2铜/2A50铝合金接头进行研究。结果表明,在结合界面产生了脆性化合物CuAl2,形成了大约2mm的焊缝,在铜基体与焊缝之间生成了新相,形成了一条光亮带。接头的导电性能介于铜与铝合金之间,能够满足实际要求。图6表1参620093253马氏体/珠光体异种耐热钢焊接接头蠕变失效数值模拟/张建强…//焊接学报.-2009,30(2):87~90采用有限元方法对马氏体/珠光体异种耐热钢接头在560℃条件下,外加轴向应力水平分别为100,120和140MPa时界面附近的最大主应力、VonMises等效应力进行了数值模拟,通过恒应力加速蠕变试验对模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明,对于低匹配接头,焊缝/低强母材界面附近最大主应力很高,蠕变孔洞易于在焊缝/低强母材界面处形成,随...     

焊缝蠕变强度对马氏体/贝氏体异种钢接头界面蠕变损伤的影响

采用脉冲氩弧焊接工艺、高温加速模拟、扫描电镜观察研究了不同焊缝蠕变强度匹配条件下,马氏体耐热钢(9Cr1MiVNbN)与贝氏体耐热钢(12Cr2MoWVTiB)焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤、破坏特征及早期失效倾向.结果表明,焊前预热250℃,焊后回火750℃×1 h条件下,加速模拟运行500,1 000,1 500 h后低匹配接头中焊缝/贝氏体钢界面的蠕变损伤最严重,发生了界面蠕变断裂,早期失效倾向较大;而高匹配接头中焊缝/贝氏体钢界面的蠕变孔洞几乎连成裂纹,蠕变损伤和早期失效较大;而中匹配接头的界面蠕变损伤程度最轻,仅发现少量孤立蠕变孔洞,早期失效倾向最小.     

内压与焊接残余应力共同作用下高温管道蠕变有限元分析

利用大型有限元分析软件Abaqus的多次顺次耦合功能,先对P91钢高温主蒸汽管道焊接接头焊态和焊后热处理状态进行残余应力分析,然后采用Norton蠕变本构关系,根据P91耐热钢在625℃下焊缝、热影响区和母材的不同蠕变参数,对内压以及内压与热处理后残余应力共同作用下的接头蠕变进行有限元分析,分别得到了焊接残余应力和焊后热处理残余应力的分布规律,同时预测了在高温环境下服役105h后蠕变应变分布.结果表明,由于高温管道的壁厚以及约束等影响,焊后产生了较大的焊接残余应力,通过焊后热处理可以有效地降低焊接残余应力.但由于热处理残余应力的存在,仍对高温管道焊接接头的蠕变有较大影响,并且在焊缝与热影响区的交界处存在着较大的蠕变应变.     

9Cr1MoVNbN/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头的力学性能及界面失效行为研究

采用脉冲氩弧焊接工艺、高温加速模拟工况、高温持久、常温力学性能试验研究了不同焊缝强度匹配条件下,马氏体耐热钢9Cr1MoVNbN与贝氏体耐热钢12Cr2MoWVTiB焊接接头的力学性能、高温强度、蠕变损伤及界面破坏特征。研究结果表明;焊前预热250℃,焊后回火750℃×1h条件下,加速模拟运行500h,1000h,1500h后低匹配焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤较严重,力学性能下降明显,失效倾向较大;而中匹配接头的蠕变损伤及失效倾向较小。中匹配与低匹配接头的持久强度比较接近;高匹配接头的持久强度最低。因此,对于9Cr1MoVNbN/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头采用中匹配比较合适。     

Finite Element Analysis of High Temperature Piping Creep for Considering the Effect of Inner Pressure and Welding Residual Stress

利用大型有限元分析软件Abaqus的多次顺次耦合功能,先对P91钢高温主蒸汽管道焊接接头焊态和焊后热处理状态进行残余应力分析, 然后采用Norton蠕变本构关系,根据P91耐热钢在625℃下焊缝、热影响区和母材的不同蠕变参数,对内压以及内压与热处理后残余应力共同作用下的接头蠕变进行有限元分析,分别得到了焊接残余应力和焊后热处理残余应力的分布规律,同时预测了在高温环境下服役105h后蠕变应变分布. 结果表明,由于高温管道的壁厚以及约束等影响, 焊后产生了较大的焊接残余应力,通过焊后热处理可以有效地降低焊接残余应力.但由于热处理残余应力的存在, 仍对高温管道焊接接头的蠕变有较大影响,并且在焊缝与热影响区的交界处存在着较大的蠕变应变.     

金属的焊接性

9％Cr-1％Mo耐热钢熔敷金属中M-A组元的研究;微合金元素对00Cr12NiTi铁素体不锈钢焊接接头HAZ组织及力学性能的影响;低合金钢焊缝的针状铁素体微观组织;焊缝蠕变强度对马氏体／贝氏体异种钢接头界面蠕变损伤的影响;无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析     

金属的焊接性

9％Cr-1％Mo耐热钢熔敷金属中M-A组元的研究;微合金元素对00Cr12NiTi铁素体不锈钢焊接接头HAZ组织及力学性能的影响;低合金钢焊缝的针状铁素体微观组织;焊缝蠕变强度对马氏体／贝氏体异种钢接头界面蠕变损伤的影响;无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析     

火电站用T23/TP316H异种金属焊接接头服役损伤分析

通过试验研究分析了服役后的高温蒸汽管道中T23/TP316H异种金属焊接接头的微观组织、成分和氧化情况。结果表明,在540℃/17 MPa条件下服役10万h后,TP316H钢侧虽会被氧化,但未发现明显的会导致接头早期失效的潜在危险因素;T23钢侧会出现沿焊缝/热影响区界面的氧化,并出现了沿界面的开裂。T23钢与镍基焊缝金属的界面氧化损伤与界面两侧热膨胀系数、高温蠕变强度差异及界面附近的硬度梯度耦合后,很可能诱发界面失效,增加接头早期失效风险。与此同时,T23钢侧未发现蠕变、碳迁移软区等常见的界面失效弱化因素,所以界面氧化损伤是T23/TP36H异种金属焊接接头的主要损伤模式。     

过热器三元组合焊接接头高温力学性能及成分分布

为提高火力发电厂电站锅炉过热器管铁素体钢和奥氏体钢焊接接头的使用寿命,提出并研制了铁素体钢／镍基焊缝／奥氏体钢三元组合接头,通过对两种焊接接头热模拟对比分析,三元组合接头对改善接头应力分布,抑制碳扩散和提高持久强度具有明显的效果     

EFFECT OF CARBON MIGRATION ON CREEP PROPERTIES OF Cr5Mo DISSIMILAR WELDED JOINTS WITH Ni-BASED AND AUSTENITIC WELD METAL

In this paper, the effect of carbon migration on creep properties of Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints with Ni-based (Inconel 182) and Cr23Ni13 (A302) austenitic weld metal was investigated. Carbon migration near the weld metal/ferritic steel interface of Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints was analyzed by aging method. Local creep deformations of the dissimilar welded joints were measured by a long-term local creep deformation measuring technique. The creep rupture testing was performed for Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints with Inconel 182 and A302 weld metal. The research results show that the maximum creep strain rate occurs in the decarburized zone located on heat affect zone (HAZ) of Cr5Mo ferritic steel. The creep rupture life of Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints with A302 weld metal decreases due to carbon migration and is about 50％ of that welded with Inconel 182 weld metal.     

10Cr9Mo1VNbN/12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接接头的蠕变损伤及界面失效

针对马氏体耐热钢 10Cr9Mo1VNbN和珠光体耐热钢 12Cr1MoV ,采用TGS -9cb、H10Cr5Mo、TR31三种焊丝形成高、中、低匹配焊接接头 ,利用脉冲电流氩弧焊、高温加速模拟工况、力学性能试验及电子显微分析 ,研究了 10Cr9Mo1VNbN/ 12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接接头的力学性能、高温强度、界面蠕变损伤及失效特征。试验结果表明 ,焊前预热 2 5 0℃ ,焊后回火 75 0℃× 1h ,加速模拟运行 5 0 0h后 ,高匹配和中匹配接头的力学性能劣化明显 ,界面蠕变损伤及失效倾向较大 ;而低匹配接头的力学性能优于高匹配和中匹配接头 ,界面蠕变损伤较轻 ,失效倾向较小。因此 ,选用TR31焊丝作为10Cr9Mo1VNbN/ 12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接接头的填充材料较为合适。     

异种钢闪光对焊接头蠕变断裂力学行为

分别钢闪光对焊制备的高强匹配（ＢＷ－ＷＨ－ＢＬ）、低强匹配（ＢＨ－ＷＬ－ＢＭ）和中强匹配（ＢＬ－ＷＭ－ＨＢ）的;宏观力学不均匀异种钢接头进行了蠕变及蠕变断裂,试验,并用有限元方法分析了不同匹配接头蠕变断裂的力学因素。结果表明,高强匹配和低强匹配接头均沿头邻近焊缝界面的低强度母材或焊缝侧发生断裂,并怕特征;中强匹配接头蠕变断裂位置在远离焊缝界面的低强度母材区,呈延性断裂性质。应力三轴性是控制高强匹配     

长时高温服役T91/Inconel601异种钢焊接接头失效分析

对长时高温服役状态下发生开裂的T91/Inconel601异种钢焊接接头进行了组织结构表征和失效原因分析。结果表明,焊接接头的开裂性质为蠕变损伤造成的脆性开裂。焊接接头较高应力水平是构成开裂的力学因素,而熔合线靠近T91钢一侧碳化物富集带的产生是开裂的冶金因素。碳活度差异驱动的碳元素迁移和镍基焊缝中较低的碳原子扩散速度的综合作用造成熔合线附近T91钢侧碳化物富集析出。     

Evaluation of creep rupture behaviour for weld joint and base metal of the Cr35Ni45Nb alloy

In order to investigate microstructure and creep rupture strength of a weld joint after aging, Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes were welded by the GTAW process of two-type filler metals. The tensile test, hardness and creep test were conducted to analyse the mechanical properties of the weld joint and base metal. The results show that the creep rupture time of the base metal at 1373?K is longer than a new weld joint, while the tensile properties of the base metal at room temperature are similar to a new weld joint. With aging, the microstructure of the weld metal and the base metal tended to be homogeneous, the creep rupture time of the weld joint improved and was similar to that of the base metal.     

Effect of Carbon Content on the Creep Rupture Properties and Microstructure of 316H Weld Metals

Two types of 316 butt welds with carbon contents of 0.016% and 0.062% have been produced using the gas tungsten arc welding process.The δ-ferrite content decreased from 7.2 to 2.8% in volume as the carbon content increased.The creeprupture strength and creep ductility of the two types of weld metals have been measured at 550℃ over the stress range of 290-316 MPa and at 600℃ over 230-265 MPa.The microstructure change and precipitation behavior of the weld metals were observed and related to the creep rupture properties.The creep rupture strength of the C2(0.062% C) weld metal was higher than that of the Cl(0.016% C) weld metal at both 550 ℃ and 600 ℃.At 550℃,as the decrease in the applied stress,the difference of the creep-rupture life between the two weld metals diminished due to the higher depletion rate of carbon by precipitation of M_(23)C_6 in the C2 weld metal,while at 600℃,the difference enlarged due to the massive precipitation ofσ phase and extensive crack formation and propagation along σ/austenite boundaries in the C1 weld metal.For both the C1 and C2 weld metal,the decrease in ductility was adverse with the transformation percentage and related to products of theδ-ferrite transformation.     

Modelling creep rupture strength of ferritic steel welds

Abstract

Recent changes in the design of steam turbine power plant have necessitated the replacement of bolted flanges with welded joints. The design process therefore requires a knowledge of the creep rupture strength of the weld metal consumed in the welding process. This paper presents a method which can be used to estimate the creep rupture strength of ferritic steel weld metals, from a knowledge of the creep strength of wrought plates. The method is validated using published data.     

Research on the creep damage and interfacial failure of dissimilarmetal welded joint between 10Cr9Mo1 VNbN and 12Cr1MoV steel

0　IntroductionAnewmodified 9Cr Mosteel (SA2 13T91orT91)pos sessesimprovedhightemperaturestrength ,excellentductili ty ,weldability ,heatfatigueproperties .Therefore ,T91hasbeenwidelyusedinelectricpower,petrochemicalplant,nu clearpowerstation ,andsoon[1～3] .Itisappliedtothefinalstagesofsuperheatersandreheatersinfossil firedpowerplants .However,lowalloypearlitesteel(12Cr1MoV)isstillusedintheearlierstages .Thus,therearealotofdissimilarmetalweldedjoints (DMWJs)betweenSA2 13T91and12Cr1Mo…