纳米Ag颗粒增强复合钎料蠕变性能的研究

制备纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料.研究不同温度载荷下复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命,并与Sn-0.7Cu基体钎料钎焊接头进行对比.此外,确定纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头在不同温度和应力水平下的应力指数和蠕变激活能,建立复合钎料钎焊接头的稳态蠕变本构方程.结果表明,在不同的温度和应力下,与Sn-0.7Cu钎料钎焊接头相比,纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命均有所提高,且具有更高的蠕变激活能,说明复合钎料钎焊接头具有更优的抗蠕变性能.     

Ag和Ni颗粒对63Sn37Pb力学性能和润湿性能的影响

锡铅钎料在电子工业中广泛应用。锡铅共晶或近共晶钎料熔点较低，钎焊工艺性能好，但抗蠕变性能差。作者运用弥散强化原理，分别选用1μm的Ag颗粒和Ni颗粒作为增强体，以63Sn37Pb为基体，制成金属颗粒增强的锡铅基复合钎料。在再流焊条件下，弥散分布的增强体与基体冶金结合，在增强体的表层形成-薄层金属间化合物，蠕变性能大幅度提高。试验证明，在相同条件下，与基体钎料63Sn37Pb相比，铺展面积略微下降，但Ag颗粒体积百分数为5％和10％的颗粒增强的锡铅基复合钎料的蠕变寿命分别提高8倍和6倍，同时抗拉强度和剪切强度均得到提高；Ni颗粒增强的复合钎料的蠕变寿命大幅度提高，Ni颗粒体积百分数为5％和10％的颗粒增强的锡铅基复合钎料的蠕变寿命分别提高了85倍和186倍，但润湿性能、剪切强度和延伸率均明显降低。     

应力对SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能的影响

采用搭接面积为1mm^2的单搭接钎焊接头，研究了恒定温度下，应力对纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变寿命的影响。结果表明，纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料的蠕变抗力优于传统SnPb钎料。同时钎焊接头的蠕变寿命随应力增加而降低，且应力对复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命的影响较传统63Sn37Pb钎料明显。     

银镍金属微细颗粒对锡铅基复合钎料力学性能的影响

运用弥散强化原理，分别选用Ag颗粒和Ni颗粒作为增强体，以63Sn37Pb共晶钎料为基体，制成金属颗粒增强锡铅基复合钎料。在再流焊条件下，弥散分布的增强体与基体冶金结合，在增强体表层形成一薄层金属间化合物，从而使复合钎料蠕变性能大幅度提高。试验证明：在相同条件下，与基体钎料63Sn37Pb相比，5％Ag(体积分数，下同)和10％Ag颗粒增强锡铅基复合钎料蠕变寿命分别提高了8倍和6倍，同时抗拉强度和剪切强度均得到提高；5％Ni和10％Ni颗粒增强锡铅基复合钎料蠕变寿命分别提高了84倍和185倍，但剪切强度和延伸率均明显降低。     

碳纳米管增强Sn-58Bi无铅钎料焊点抗蠕变性能研究

研究了Sn-58Bi钎料和Sn-58Bi-0.01CNTs复合钎料焊点在不同温度、应力和电流密度下的抗剪切蠕变性能。结果表明:随着温度、应力和电流密度的逐渐增加,Sn-58Bi钎料和Sn-58Bi-0.01CNTs复合钎料焊点的抗蠕变性能均逐渐降低。添加碳纳米管(CNTs)后,复合钎料焊点的稳态应变速率均降低。添加CNTs可以提高焊点的抗蠕变性能。     

Sn-0.7Cu-xNb复合钎料微观组织和力学性能

文中主要研究了纳米Nb颗粒对Sn-0.7Cu基复合钎料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加纳米Nb颗粒细化了Sn-0.7Cu复合钎料微观组织,提高了Sn-0.7Cu复合钎料的抗拉强度。当Nb含量为0.12%时抗拉强度达最大值25.36 MPa,但此时钎料的断后伸长率有所降低。Sn-0.7Cu-x Nb复合钎料的断裂模式均为塑性断裂,随Nb含量的增加,Sn-0.7Cu基复合钎料断口表面的韧窝尺寸逐渐变小,表明微量的纳米Nb可以抑制合金内Cu 6 Sn 5金属间化合物的长大。     

两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变性能与Sn60Pb40钎料的对比分析

对两种无铅钎料Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi和Sn-Ag-Sb模拟封装钎焊接头的蠕变和断裂行为进行了研究,并与传统的Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料进行了对比.结果表明,两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变能力均远优于Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料,其蠕变速率低且蠕变寿命长.钎焊接头蠕变断裂后的扫描电镜分析表明,两种无铅钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂呈现明显的沿晶断裂特征,而Sn60Pb40钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂机理则为穿晶断裂.     

Cu/Sn-58Bi-xEr_2O_3/Cu钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能的研究

研究了不同含量的纳米Er_2O_3颗粒对Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展性能、钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量的纳米Er_2O_3颗粒细化了Sn-58Bi钎料的微观组织、改善了Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展性能和力学性能。当纳米Er_2O_3颗粒的添加量为0.075%(质量分数)时,Sn-58Bi复合钎料得到了最佳的铺展性能,比Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展系数增大了5.1%;当添加量为0.05%(质量分数)时,Sn-58Bi钎料的组织明显细化且到了最大的抗拉强度89 MPa,比Sn-58Bi共晶钎料的抗拉强度增大了11.5%。     

钎焊及其设备

Ag-Cu-Ti钎料钎焊金刚石的界面微观组织分析;SnCu钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程建立;Cu颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂及强化机理;Pd-Co-Ni-V钎料钎焊SiC陶瓷的接头组织及性能;SiCp／Cu复合材料的真空钎焊     

Sn-0.7Cu-2Bi无铅钎料压入蠕变性能的研究

采用自制的蠕变装置研究Sn-0.7Cu-2Bi无铅钎料在温度60～120℃、压力30～50MPa下的压人蠕变性能,利用光学显微镜、SEM和XRD对钎料组织在蠕变前后的变化进行了分析.结果表明:随着温度和应力的增加,钎料的蠕变速率增大;Sn-0.7Cu-2Bi主要由Sn、Bi、Cu6Sn5三相组成,Bi固溶在Sn中造成晶格的畸变阻碍晶体滑移面的位错运动,导致其变形抗力大为增加,且晶界处偏聚的Bi颗粒对位错有钉扎作用,能提高钎料的抗蠕变性能;Sn-0.7Cu-2Bi钎料蠕变后出现回复再结晶,最终导致晶粒长大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.