市场观察

PA市场西方不亮东方亮SRI咨询公司估计,2005年全球邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)需求量约为350万～360万t,今后5年将以3%～3.5%的年均增长率增长,其中亚太地区需求增长最快,年均增长率将达4%～4.5%;美国为1.5%～2%。PA主要用于生产增塑剂、醇酸树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂,其中增塑剂和不饱和聚酯     

复合材料行业呈现3大热点

21世纪以来,全球复合材料市场快速增长,亚洲尤其中国市场增长较快。2003--2008年中国年均增速为15％,印度为9．5％,而欧洲和北美年均增幅仅为4％。目前全球复合材料产量约为820万t,其中中国达131．2万t、占16％。2007年中国复合材料玻璃纤维产量160万t,其中115．5万t用于玻璃钢（FRP）工业;不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）产量135万t,其中68．8万t用于玻璃钢领域、占51％;乙烯基树脂产量12．64kt,胶衣树脂产量15．87kt。今后几年我国复合材料仍处于快速发展期。造船业和汽车业的发展也会带动玻璃钢业的发展。从子行业应用看增长力度最强的,有3个领域是：建筑、汽车、风电,它们将形成热点,2008年复合材料增长仍可达到15％。     

市场动态

苯酐产需动态邻苯二甲酸酥（苯酐），广泛用于增塑剂、不饱和聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、染料、医药、农药等行业。美国是最大的生产国和使用国。据预测，世界20O0年苯酥总需求量4O2．3万t／a，总生产能力480．5万t人。至1995年底，国内苯醉生产企业约40余家，总生产能力26万t／a，同     

间苯二甲酸的生产技术进展及市场分析(下)

4.3消费现状及发展前景近年来,我国间苯二甲酸的表观消费量不断增加。2005年表观消费量为5.5万t,2008年增加到约10.0万t,比增长约22.0%。2010表观消费量约为16.0万t,比2009年的12.5万t增长约28.0%。产品主要用于生产不饱和聚酯树脂、共聚树脂和醇酸树脂。其中不饱和聚酯树脂对间苯二甲酸的需求量约     

国内外季戊四醇市场动态

季戊四醇是制备松香脂、干性油、增塑剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、乳化剂、炸药的原料,用于涂料工业,它生产的醇酸树脂可大大改善涂料膜的硬质、光洁度和耐久性。在医药、农药和润滑油的制造等部门应用十分广泛。目前国内有北京化工三厂、上海试剂一厂等十几个厂家生产,总生产能力约为15万 t/a,主要用于醇酸树脂。世界总生产能力约60万 t/a,其中85%用于制造醇酸树脂。美国生产能力约为10万 t/a,主要用途分配如下:醇酸树脂60%、合成润滑剂和添加剂11%、松香脂8%、其它21%。     

苯酚国内外市场分析

2004年世界苯酚/丙酮总生产能力约870万t/a,需求量为748万t,主要用于生产双酚A和酚醛树脂,二者占苯酚产量的比例分别为40%和28%.全球苯酚需求的年均增长率将达到4%～5%,2006年苯酚需求量可望达到800万t.2004年,我国苯酚生产能力达到74.0万t/a,产量约41.0万t,预计今后几年国内苯酚消费量将以每年9%的速度递增.     

中国复合材料行业市场需求旺盛 发展前景可期

进入21世纪以来,全球复合材料市场快速增长,亚洲尤其中国市场增长较快。2003～2008年中国年均增速为15％,印度为9．5％,而欧洲和北美年均增幅仅为4％。目前全球复合材料产量约为820万吨,其中中国达131．2万吨,约占16％。上年中国复合材料玻璃纤维产量为160万吨,其中115．5万吨用于玻璃钢（FRP）工业;不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）产量为135万吨,其中68．8万吨用于玻璃钢领域,     

苯酚国内外市场分析

2004年世界苯酚/丙酮总生产能力约870万t/a,需求量为748万t,主要用于生产双酚A和酚醛树脂,二者占苯酚产量的比例分别为40%和28%.全球苯酚需求的年均增长率将达到4%～5%,2006年苯酚需求量可望达到800万t.2004年,我国苯酚生产能力达到74.0万t/a,产量约41.0万t,预计今后几年国内苯酚消费量将以每年9%的速度递增.     

苯酐的技术进展和市场分析

邻苯二甲酸酐（PA）简称苯酐，是邻二甲苯（OX）主要的市场应用领域，主要用于生产PVC增塑剂、不饱和聚酯、醇酸树脂以及染料、油漆、农药和医药等，是一种重要的有机化工原料。其有三种主要用途：其一用于制备邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂（占全球产能一半，主要是邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP），掺合聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂作增塑剂；其二用于不饱和聚酯作玻璃增强的热固工程塑料（约占22％）；其三用于醇酸树脂作表面涂层。     

国内外苯酐的市场分析和技术进展

邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)简称苯酐，是邻二甲苯(OX)主要的市场应用领域，主要用于生产PVC增塑剂、不饱和聚酯、醇酸树脂以及染料、油漆、农药和医药等，是一种重要的有机化工原料。它有三种主要用途：其一用于制备邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂(占全球产能一半，主要是邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP)，掺合聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂作增塑剂；其二用于不饱和聚酯作玻璃增强的热固工程塑料(约占22％)；其三用于醇酸树脂作表面涂层。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.