基于遗传算法优化的汽车主动悬架LQG控制器的设计

常规线性二次最优控制器在汽车主动悬架应用中,存在权值矩阵确定的问题。设计了一种基于遗传算法优化控制器权值矩阵的方法。利用遗传算法的全局优化算法,以主动悬架性能指标为目标函数对权值矩阵进行优化设计,提高了控制器的设计效率和控制性能。应用该方法进行了汽车悬架主动控制仿真。研究结果表明:基于遗传算法优化的LQG控制器的汽车主动悬架相对于应用常规控制器的主动悬架和被动悬架,能够大大改善主动悬架的性能。同时在充分利用常规线性二次最优控制器优势的基础上,解决了其权值矩阵确定存在的问题。     

基于遗传算法的车辆座椅悬架最优控制器的应用

常规LQG控制器在车辆座椅主动悬架应用中,存在权值矩阵确定的问题。设计了一种基于遗传算法优化LQG权值矩阵的方法。该方法利用遗传算法的全局优化算法,以主动座椅悬架性能指标为目标函数对权值矩阵进行优化设计,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了系统模型并进行仿真模拟。仿真结果表明:基于遗传算法优化的LQG控制器能够解决了最优控制器中存在的权值确定问题,提高悬架的设计效率,同时对于乘坐舒适性的改善有良好的效果。     

MATLAB图形用户界面环境下的实时控制系统

采用PCL812PG数据采集卡，以MATLAB6．5作为软件平台，利用MATLAB图形用户界面(GUI)开发出控制算法可以扩展的过程控制系统。介绍了MATLAB应用程序接口文件MEX和图形用户界面设计技术，并通过GUI界面下的2种控制算法，完成了对液位控制实验装置的实时控制。     

A PC-controlled microwave tomographic scanner for breast imaging

This article presents the design and development of a personal computer based controller for a microwave tomographic system for breast cancer detection. The system uses motorized, dual-polarized antennas and a custom-made GUI interface to control stepper motors, a wideband vector network analyzer (VNA) and to coordinate data acquisition and archival in a local MDSPlus database. Both copolar and cross-polar scattered field components can be measured directly. Experimental results are presented to validate the various functionalities of the scanner.     

基于遗传算法的LQ控制器的权值优化

线性二次型最优调节器及线性二次型高斯问题,通称LQ问题,是最优控制在民用工业中应用最广的算法。LQ问题的解,最终归结为求解Riccati方程,而方程解的有效性,很大程度上又依赖于两个权矩阵Q阵和R阵的选择,如何选择Q阵和R阵以保证实现控制目标最优一直为控制界所注。本文提出以遗传算法来达到实现全局寻优的目的,得到较满意的结果。     

Robust LQG controller design for lightly damped uncertain linear systems

In this note, we consider lightly damped uncertain linear systems with natural frequency variations. This type of uncertainty has multiple uncertain parameters with multiple rank structure. It is well known that the conventional LQG or LQG/LTR methods can not be applied to such system bccause of the instability and the design conservatism. To overcome such shortcomings, we propose a systematic method to design robust LQG controllers. The proposed method requires only the LQG tuning parameters and the structure information of uncertainty. It will be shown that our approach can be effectively applied to flexible structure control design problems. Center for Noise and Vibration Control (NoViC), Dept. of Mech Eng., Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)     

New decentralized control technique based on substructure and LQG approaches

Decentralized control is more suitable for structural control of large-scale structures. In this paper, a new decentralized control technique is proposed based on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and substructure approaches. A large-scale structure is divided into a set of smaller substructures. Each substructure is controlled by its own local controller with interaction forces at substructural interfaces, which are considered as “unknown external inputs” to the substructure concerned. An algorithm of recursive least squares estimation for the unknown excitation is proposed. A numerical example of the decentralized control of a tall building is studied to illustrate the new proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed decentralized control provides satisfactory control performance when comparing with the conventional centralized LQG control algorithm and is viable for the future structural control of large-scale structures.     

Controller performance analysis with LQG benchmark obtained under closed loop conditions

This paper proposes a new method for obtaining a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) benchmark in terms of the variances of process input and output from closed-loop data, for assessing the controller performance. LQG benchmark has been proposed in the literature to assess controller performance since the LQG tradeoff curve represents the limit of performance in terms of input and output variances. However, an explicit parametric model is required to calculate the LQG benchmark. In this work, we propose a data driven subspace approach to calculate the LQG benchmark under closed-loop conditions with certain external excitations. The optimal LQG-benchmark variances are obtained directly from the subspace matrices corresponding to the deterministic inputs and the stochastic inputs, which are identified using closed-loop data with setpoint excitation. These variances are used for assessing the controller performance. The method proposed in this paper is applicable to both univariate and multivariate systems. Profit analysis for the implementation of feedforward control to the existing feedback-only control system is also analyzed under the optimal LQG performance framework. The proposed method is illustrated through a simulation example and an application on a pilot scale process.     

运载火箭气动外形CAD/CFD集成设计系统研究

运载火箭模块化设计带来了"组合爆炸"的难题,为了提高气动外形设计和仿真的效率,开展了数字化集成设计技术研究。首先,规划了系统总体架构,设计了开放的四层软件体系架构,并定制了软件工作流程。然后,对气动设计参数进行分类,建立了设计模板库。对Pro/E进行了二次开发,实现了几何建模参数化和模型干涉检查等功能。基于Python语言,编写了参数化网格生成脚本,综合应用CFD-GEOM、Gambit、Fluent等工具软件,实现了仿真分析自动化。基于VC++6.0开发了图形用户界面,实现了设计过程、研制数据和应用工具的系统集成。最后,通过某型运载火箭的应用实例,验证了系统的正确性和有效性。     

New decentralized control technique based on substructure and LQG approaches

Decentralized control is more suitable for structural control of large-scale structures. In this paper, a new decentralized control technique is proposed based on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and substructure approaches. A large-scale structure is divided into a set of smaller substructures. Each substructure is controlled by its own local controller with interaction forces at substructural interfaces, which are considered as “unknown external inputs” to the substructure concerned. An algorithm of recursive least squares estimation for the unknown excitation is proposed. A numerical example of the decentralized control of a tall building is studied to illustrate the new proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed decentralized control provides satisfactory control performance when comparing with the conventional centralized LQG control algorithm and is viable for the future structural control of large-scale structures.     

Semi-active vibration control of an eleven degrees of freedom suspension system using neuro inverse model of magnetorheological dampers

A semi-active controller-based neural network for a suspension system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is presented and evaluated. An inverse neural network model (NIMR) is constructed to replicate the inverse dynamics of the MR damper. The typical control strategies are linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) controllers with a clipped optimal control algorithm, while inherent time-delay and non-linear properties of MR damper lie in these strategies. LQR part of LQG controller is also designed to produce the optimal control force. The LQG controller and the NIMR models are linked to control the system. The effectiveness of the NIMR is illustrated and verified using simulated responses of a full-car model. The results demonstrate that by using the NIMR model, the MR damper force can be commanded to follow closely the desirable optimal control force. The results also show that the control system is effective and achieves better performance and less control effort than the optimal in improving the service life of the suspension system and the ride comfort of a car.     

Design and control of a marine satellite antenna

A three axes marine satellite antenna has been developed. As a design step, a CAD model for the antenna has been created according to the design requirements. Kinematic analyses are carried out to insure design specification and to check collision detection of the CAD model. Marine satellite antennas experience base motions, and a relevant control system should control the three antenna axis to point to the satellites accurately. A sensor fusion algorithm and a PIDA (Proportional, Integral, Derivative, Acceleration) control algorithm are designed and implemented to control the yaw, level, and cross-level angle of a small size satellite marine antenna. Antenna stabilization control experiments are performed using a test simulator which gives the antenna base motions. Experimental results show small pointing errors, which is less than 0.2 degree for the level, cross-level, and yaw axis

     

HF broadband antenna design for shipboard communications: Simulation and measurements

The objective pursued in this work is to highlight the convenience of using electromagnetic simulation software as an alternative to the traditional scale model measurement when dealing with the design of HF antennas on real complex platforms.The experience was developed during the building process of a real vessel. A low and a medium band antennas (fan-wire type) were designed ad-hoc for this project. The HF broadband antennas’ study covered from the preliminary design stages to the final verification measurements completed onboard the ship. The experiment has demonstrated that more accurate results can be obtained when using an adequate electromagnetic simulation code, which, besides, brings important advantages in flexibility and usability. These advantages, inherent to the use of virtual models, hinge on the ability of the simulation tools to properly handle any modification of the vessel’s structure that might arise during the platform construction.     

基于Matlab的GUI设计数控系统圆弧插补仿真软件

介绍了Matlab软件中的图形用户界面(GUI)编程技术,并基于此技术设计数控系统圆弧插补的仿真软件,测试圆弧插补算法和速度控制算法的可行性.利用所设计的软件包,可以直观地测试圆弧插补算法和速度控制算法的性能,结果可以用于指导数控系统的设计.     

基于MATLAB与单片机的测控系统设计

提出一种基于MATLAB与单片机的教学测控系统的设计方法.通过MATLAB自带的通信类可以方便的和单片机串口进行通讯,实现对下位机采集的数据进行分析处理.利用MATLAB软件提供的GUI可以设计出一套友好的人机界面实现对单片机测控系统的实时控制.     

主动悬架座椅系统的控制及仿真分析

通过讨论LQG控制的原理与方法,针对LQG控制过程中权系数因子的不同选择,分析其对座椅加速度的影响。在Simulink环境下建立悬架仿真模型,对其影响仿真曲线进行分析,评价LQG控制在车辆主动悬架系统上的可行性以及权系数的选取对主动悬架座椅系统的影响。     

Optimisation of gain matrix with UZAWA algorithm—theory and application to an active panel

This paper deals with the gain matrix optimisation in the framework of adaptive mechanical systems with LQG control. The purpose of this optimisation is to provide to the engineer the theoretical tools enabling him to position actuators as well as possible on a structure. It was carried out using a conventional UZAWA algorithm which was adapted to the active system context.     

Model validation and controller design for vibration suppression of flexible rotor using AMB

This paper discusses the model validation and vibration suppression of an AMB flexible rotor via additional LQG controller. The main difficulty in the vibration suppression of the flexible rotor using AMB is to realize a controller that can minimize resonance without injuring the stabilized rigid modes. In order to solve this problem, simple scheme for system modeling and controller design are developed. Firstly, the AMB flexible rotor is stabilized with a PID controller, which leads to a new stable rotor-bearing system. Then, authors propose the model validation procedure using measured open-loop frequency responses to obtain an accurate model of the AMB flexible rotor system. After that, LQG controller with modal weighting is designed to suppress resonances of the stable rotor-bearing system. Due to the poor controllability and observability of flexible modes compared to rigid ones, balancing of two Gramians is prerequisite for the fair LQG controller design. Simulation with step disturbance and experimental results of unbalance response up to 10,000 rpm verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

汽车电动助力转向系统的自适应LQG控制

在对汽车电动助力转向系统(EPS)结构形式和性能进行分析的基础上,建立起3自由度的汽车动力学模型。 为克服实际EPS系统中存在的动态行为不确定性,采用自适应LQG控制策略。通过对模型参数的在线辩识,实现 系统的自适应LQG控制。在多种汽车行驶工况下,进行自适应LQG控制和LQG控制的仿真计算。仿真结果表明, 应用自适应LQG控制比LQG控制的EPS有更好的鲁棒性,且能有效改善EPS的助力特性及汽车的转向特性。为 验证仿真结果,还进行装有EPS系统的实车试验。试验结果充分证明了所提方法是正确和有效的,EPS系统可很 好改善汽车操纵性能。     

Semiactive nonlinear control of a building with a magnetorheological damper system

This paper proposes a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based systematic design methodology for nonlinear control of building structures equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. This approach considers stability performance as well as transient characteristics in a unified framework. First, multiple Lyapunov-based controllers are designed via LMIs such that global asymptotical stability of the building structure is guaranteed and the performance on transient responses is also satisfied. Such Lyapunov-based state feedback controllers are converted into output feedback regulators using a set of Kalman estimators. Then, these Lyapunov-based controllers and Kalman observers are integrated into a global nonlinear control system via fuzzy logic. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a three-story building structure employing an MR damper is studied. The performance of the nonlinear control system is compared with that of a traditional linear optimal controller, i.e., H₂/linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), while the uncontrolled system response is used as the baseline. It is demonstrated from comparison of the uncontrolled and semiactive controlled responses that the proposed nonlinear control system design framework is effective in reducing the vibration of a seismically excited building structure equipped with an MR damper. Furthermore, the newly developed controller is more effective in mitigating responses of the structure than the H₂/LQG controller.