Bearing fault diagnosis based on amplitude and phase map of Hermitian wavelet transform

The rolling element bearing characteristic frequencies contain very little energy and are usually overwhelmed by noise and higher level of structural vibrations. The continuous wavelet transform enables one to look at the evolution in the time scale joint representation plane. This makes it very suitable for the detection of singularity generated by localized defects in a mechanical system. However, most applications of the continuous wavelet transform have widely focused on the use of the Morlet wavelet transform. The complex Hermitian wavelet is constructed based on the first and the second derivatives of the Gaussian function to detect signal singularities. The Fourier spectrum of Hermitian wavelet is real, which the Fourier spectrum has no complex phase and the Hermitian wavelet does not affect the phase of a signal in complex domain. This gives the desirable ability to detect the singularity characteristic of a signal precisely. In this study, the Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map are used in conjunction to detect and diagnose the bearing fault. The Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map are found to show distinctive signatures in the presence of bearing inner race or outer race damage. The simulative and experimental results show that the Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map can extract the transients from strong noise signals and can effectively diagnose bearing faults.     

DETECTION OF INCIPIENT LOCALIZED GEAR FAULTS IN GEARBOX BY COMPLEX CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM

As far as the vibration signal processing is concemed, composition of vibration signal re-sulting from incipient localized faults in gearbox is too weak to be detected by traditional detectingtechnology available now.The method, which includes two steps: vibraton signal from gearbox is firstprocessed by synchronous average sampling technique and then it is analyzed by complex continuouswavelet transform to diagnose gear fault, is introduced. Two different kinds of faults in the gearbox, i.e.shaft eccentricity and initial crack in tooth fillet, are detected and distinguished from each other suc-cessfully.     

基于Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障信号奇异性分析

针对滚动轴承故障信号分析中单一频域表征的问题,提出了将Morlet连续小波变换应用于故障信号奇异性提取和分析的新方法。在分析了滚动轴承故障信号的奇异性特征和奇异性信号小波检测机理的基础上,将Morlet连续小波用于对滚动轴承故障信息的提取与分析。试验证明,该方案能有效地对滚动轴承故障信号在时间和尺度平面进行分析,可以同时表征奇异性信号的时间和频率信息。     

基于复Morlet小波和系数相关的齿轮故障特征提取

针对大型机械测取的振动信号信噪比低,故障特征不明显,故障定位难度大,提出了基于复Morlet小波和系数相关的齿轮故障特征提取方法。该方法利用了复Morlet小波的幅值、相位组合信息对信号突变点具有更好的敏感特性和小波系数相关降噪特性,对被测信号进行复Morlet小波变换,再分别将小波系数的实部和虚部进行自相关处理,并将相关后系数的幅值和相位进行组合。该方法在对齿轮传动弱故障信号特征提取的试验结果表明,该方法与直接的复Morlet小波变换相比,能够有效去除噪声,更好地突出故障特征,对故障特征点进行更精确地定位。     

Haar wavelet for machine fault diagnosis

Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a kind of time–frequency analysis method commonly used in machine fault diagnosis. Unlike Fourier transform, the wavelet in CWT can be selected flexibly. In engineering application, there is a problem of how to select a suitable wavelet. At present, the selecting method mainly depends on the waveform similarity between the signal required to extract and the wavelet. This method is imperfect. For example, Haar wavelet possesses the rectangular waveform in its supporting field and dissimilarity to any component in the machine signal. It is rarely used in machine diagnosis. However, the time–frequency periodicity of Haar wavelet continuous wavelet transform (HCWT) should be useful in revealing the features in signals. In addition, Haar wavelets under different scales have good low-pass filter characteristic in frequency domain, particularly under larger scales, and that can allow HCWT to detect the lower frequency signal. These merits are presented in this paper and applied to diagnose three types of machine faults. Furthermore, in order to verify the effect of Haar wavelet, the diagnosis information obtained by HCWT is compared with that by Morlet wavelet continuous wavelet transform (MCWT), which is popular in machine diagnosis. The results demonstrate that Haar wavelet is also a feasible wavelet in machine fault diagnosis and HCWT can provide abundant graphic features for diagnosis than MCWT.     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

Hermitian小波奇异性检测与旋转机械故障诊断

论述了小波变换及小波变换模极大与信号奇异性检测的关系原理,基于Harmitian小波的优良性质,提出了将其引入旋转机械故障诊断中。并通过仿真对比,证明了它的优越性。     

对偶树复小波阈值降噪法及在机械故障诊断中的应用

为有效提取强噪声背景下微弱故障信号,提出了一种基于对偶树复小波的阈值降噪方法及其小波滤波器的设计原则,将其应用于机械故障诊断,取得了较好效果.阐述了对偶树复小波变换滤波器的设计要求和对偶树复小波阈值降噪法的实施步骤.该法充分利用了对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性的优良特性,试验表明:此法可以获得比常规的离散小波降噪更高的信...     

自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换存在频率混叠以及参数需自定义的缺陷,提出自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波变换将信号进行分解和单支重构,采用粒子群算法将分解后分量峭度值作为适应度函数,选择双树复小波的最优分解层数;其次,对重构出的低频信号进行频谱分析提取故障特征,将单支重构后的各高频分量进行变分模态分解,通过峭度值获得各高频分量经变分模态分解后的主频率分量信号;最后,分析各主频率分量信号的频谱,识别齿轮箱的故障特征。结果表明,该方法与双树复小波变换和变分模态分解相比,不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且还提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力。     

基于复小波块阈值的降噪方法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于对偶树复小波块阈值的信号降噪方法,并将其成功应用于机械故障诊断中.机械设备的振动信号都或多或少地含有噪声,导致弱故障信息的提取一直是故障诊断的难点和热点.提出的降噪方法充分利用对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性和块阈值法的更优估计特性,可以获得比常规的小波降噪方法以及基于常规离散正交小波变换的NeighBlock降噪法更高的信噪比,不仅能有效抑制高斯白噪声,还能够去除冲击信号中的脉冲噪声.对实际信号的研究表明:这种降噪方法可以提取齿轮箱早期故障信息和强噪声背景情况下的隐含故障信息,特别对提取弱冲击故障信号非常有效.     

Gearbox fault detection using Hilbert and wavelet packet transform

Demodulation is an important issue in gearbox fault detection. Non-stationary modulating signals increase difficulties of demodulation. Though wavelet packet transform has better time–frequency localisation, because of the existence of meshing frequencies, their harmonics, and coupling frequencies generated by modulation, fault detection results using wavelet packet transform alone are usually unsatisfactory, especially for a multi-stage gearbox which contains close or identical frequency components. This paper proposes a new fault detection method that combines Hilbert transform and wavelet packet transform. Both simulated signals and real vibration signals collected from a gearbox dynamics simulator are used to verify the proposed method. Analysed results show that the proposed method is effective to extract modulating signal and help to detect the early gear fault.     

基于LCD的自适应小波脊线解调及齿轮故障诊断

针对最佳小波参数的设定和齿轮裂纹故障振动信号频率成分复杂、信噪比低等问题,将遗传优化算法、小波脊线解调与局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,简称LCD)相结合,提出了基于LCD的自适应小波脊线解调方法。首先,采用LCD方法将原始信号分解为若干个内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale component,简称ISC),并通过选择蕴含特征信息的ISC来实现信号降噪;然后,以小波能量熵为目标函数,采用遗传算法优化小波参数,得到自适应小波;最后,通过自适应小波分析提取ISC的小波脊线,从而实现对原始信号的解调分析。通过齿轮裂纹故障诊断实例验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于余弦调频小波变换的滚动轴承故障研究

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点，构造余玄调频小波，采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征，在此基础上提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法：时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法。通过对滚动轴承具有缺陷的情况下振动信号的分析，说明时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法不仅能检测到滚动轴承故障的存在，而且能有效地识别滚动轴承的故障模式。     

基于Modet小波的滚动轴承故障信号奇异性分析

针对滚动轴承故障信号分析中单一频域表征的问题，提出了将Morlet连续小波变换应用于故障信号奇异性提取和分析的新方法。在分析了滚动轴承故障信号的奇异性特征和奇异性信号小波检测机理的基础上，将Morlet连续小波用于对滚动轴承故障信息的提取与分析。试验证明，该方案能有效地对滚动轴承故障信号在时间和尺度平面进行分析，可以同时表征奇异性信号的时间和频率信息。     

基于小波神经网络弧齿锥齿轮故障诊断及实验研究

提出了一种离散小波变换结合神经网络的故障状态识别方法,运用信号特征提取机理对航空用弧齿锥齿轮故障诊断及状态识别进行了研究.建立了孤齿锥齿轮传动系统振动测试试验台,对正常结构和故障结构的齿轮传动进行了试验测试,通过小波阈值去除掉齿轮箱的振动数据信号系统噪声的影响;采用离散小波变换提取信号的能量特征,利用带有反馈算法的神经...     

NEW METHOD OF EXTRACTING WEAK FAILURE INFORMATION IN GEARBOX BY COMPLEX WAVELET DENOISING

Because the extract of the weak failure information is always the difficulty and focus of fault detection. Aiming for specific statistical properties of complex wavelet coefficients of gearbox vibration signals, a new signal-denoising method which uses local adaptive algorithm based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform （DT-CWT） is introduced to extract weak failure information in gear, especially to extract impulse components. By taking into account the non-Gaussian probability distribution and the statistical dependencies among wavelet coefficients of some signals, and by taking the advantage of near shift-invariance of DT-CWT, the higher signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） than common wavelet denoising methods can be obtained. Experiments of extracting periodic impulses in gearbox vibration signals indicate that the method can extract incipient fault feature and hidden information from heavy noise, and it has an excellent effect on identifying weak feature signals in gearbox vibration signals.     

基于小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断系统

在分析了滚动轴承振动与故障之间联系的基础上,提出了通过共振解调法和小波多尺度分析对轴承进行故障诊断的方法.采用小波变换能有效地对滚动轴承振动信号进行带通滤波,分离出高频固有信号,对其进行包络分析,以获得故障特征频率,诊断故障发生的部位.仿真实验证明,该方法具有令人满意的效果.     

DT-CWT相关滤波在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

根据小波系数的相关分析理论,提出了基于双树复小波变换的小波相关滤波法。该方法根据相邻层小波系数的相关性,通过迭代过程自适应地进行滤波,能够在达到良好降噪效果的同时保留微弱故障特征信息。对降噪后的信号进行希尔伯特包络分析便可准确得到故障特征频率。试验信号分析与工程应用结果表明,该方法能够有效提取强背景噪声下的齿轮箱轴承早期故障特征信息。     

Adaptive wavelet transform for vibration signal modelling and application in fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor

There has been an increasing application of water hydraulics in industries due to growing concern on the environmental, health and safety issues. The fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor is important for improving water hydraulic system reliability and performance. In this paper, fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor in water hydraulic system is investigated based on adaptive wavelet analysis. A novel method for modelling the vibration signal based on the adaptive wavelet transform (AWT) is proposed. The linear combination of wavelets is introduced as wavelet itself and adapted for the particular vibration signal, which goes beyond adapting parameters of a fixed-shape wavelet. The AWT procedure based on the parametric optimisation by genetic algorithm (GA) is developed. The model-based method by AWT is applied to extract the features in the fault diagnosis of the water hydraulic motor. This technique for de-noising the corrupted simulation signal shows that it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal. The results of the experimental signal demonstrate the characteristic vibration signal details in fine resolution. The magnitude plots of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) show the characteristic signal's energy in time and frequency domain which can be used as feature values for fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor.     

基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法。该方法可以直接从经过小波包处理的泵阀振动信号中提取故障诊断观测，并由此建立基于规则的泵阀故障诊断系统，该系统不仅可以对发生故障的单个泵阀进行诊断，而且还能对同时发生故障的多个泵阀进行诊断，试验结果表明了这种方法的有效性。这种方法的可行性也为其它复杂机械的故障诊断提供了新思路。