提高电子模块装焊图的一次合格率

为了将电子模块装焊图DPMO由630 000降低到126 000,改善至少80%的目的;采用六西格玛思想的＂定义、测量、分析、改善与控制＂流程方法对电子模块装焊图的设计质量进行因果分析和机理分析。对流程改善结果数据进行测量分析,得出最终将DPMO降低至57 000,实际改善91%。结果证明,该流程改善方法可行,流程改善输出成果达到了预期的效果,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

Monitoring wafer cleanliness and metal contamination via VPD ICP-MS: Case studies for next generation requirements

The importance of metal contamination in semiconductor processing and the ultimate yield effects has long been discussed in literature, the ITRS, and most importantly in the fab. Analysis methods including TXRF, VPD ICP-MS, and TOF-SIMS have been used to verify that wafers are properly “clean,” and that cross-contamination has not been imparted via process chemicals, environment, people, processing tools, and a host of other and still evolving sources. Analysis choice has often been chosen via an instrument that is most convenient and quickest for the fab. This trend is still present with a focus on the most automation, speed and lowest detection limits bringing quick answers to the newest generation fabs. In this paper, we discuss the use of an automated vapor phase decomposition (VPD) process in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to gauge analysis capability in conjunction with new process materials as well as contamination via contact transfer to indicate whether incoming wafers are clean or not.The role of the VPD collection solution and its composition has been examined before [1], most recently with the advent of copper processing in the semiconductor industry. Solutions with varying concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), nitric acid (HNO₃) and water have been touted as a best means for collection efficiency. The role of this solution is most important, as an improper solution will “collect” less contaminant and “dirty” wafers then judged as “clean.” Relative newer applications of Pd, Pt, and Ag in process, and the importance of Au as a major player in minority carrier lifetime make these elements important for contamination control and ensuring collection solutions are properly selected.Discussed in the 2007 ITRS Yield Enhancement section and again in the 2008 update, the importance of the edge and bevel to process yield is a critical challenge going forward [2]. From a metal contamination standpoint, the edge and bevel have been looked at and reported on specifically for copper and via TXRF and ICP-MS [3] and using an innovative mechanical system to look specifically at these areas of the wafer. We extend these initial discussions by using an automated system to look at the edge and bevel and looking at contamination for a host of metals.     

Efficient macromodeling of defect propagation/growth mechanisms inVLSI fabrication

Particulate contamination deposited on silicon wafers is typically the dominant reason for yield loss in VLSI manufacturing. The transformation of contaminating particles into defects and then electrical faults is a very complex process which depends on the defect location, size, material, and the underlying IC topography. An efficient defect macromodeling methodology based on the rigorous two-dimensional (2-D) topography simulator METROPOLE, has been developed to allow the prediction and correlation of the critical physical parameters (material, size, and location) of contamination in the manufacturing process to device defects. The results for a large number of defect samples simulated using the above approach were compared with the data gathered from the AMD-Sunnyvale fabline. A good match was obtained indicating the accuracy for our method of developing contamination to defect propagation/growth macromodels     

磁盘数据恢复原理及实现综述

计算机中数据是最关键的,数据的丢失是最大的损失.论文在深入研究Windows文件系统的结构和文件的存储方式的基础上,给出了一种数据恢复的方法.此方法通过分析文件存储信息,可重建丢失的分区表,达到手动恢复被破环数据的目的.     

Integrated circuit yield management and yield analysis: developmentand implementation

Integrated circuit manufacturing yields are not necessarily a function of chip area. Accurate yield analysis shows how the yield depends on circuit design and layout. By determining the probabilities of failure and critical areas for different defect types, it is possible to control and manage the yield of integrated circuits. This includes the manufacture of DRAM's, SRAM's, CMOS logic, ASIC's, and CMOS and biCMOS microprocessors. Examples explain the method of meeting yield objectives by setting targets for yield components. In addition, the yield management approach allows for a systematic allocation of resources. Required defect-density learning determines the contamination levels for clean rooms and process equipment     

3G移动可视电话系统测试方案设计

本文主要设计了开发3G移动可视电话系统过程中,在VT系统设计完成后脱离其它软件模块进行有效测试的几套方案。首先介绍了具有独创性的针对CommDevice的Loopback方案的基本编程思路与部分程序代码,对COITI-H0耐ce以外的模块进行陕速检测;第二套利用简单便捷的VIVA手机＋MD8470A的Loopback方案对手机整体效果进行初步检测;第三套通过VIVA手机到DNA的测试方案复杂但精确性高。本文中设计的各套方案各有优劣,具有可调性高,测试效果好的特点,合理使用各种测试方案,对于提高可视电话开发速度和产品质量都有很大帮助。     

自适应和动态的手机数据加密算法（英文）

To enhance the security of user data in the clouds,we present an adaptive and dynamic data encryption method to encrypt user data in the mobile phone before it is uploaded.Firstly,the adopted data encryption algorithm is not static and uniform.For each encryption,this algorithm is adaptively and dynamically selected from the algorithm set in the mobile phone encryption system.From the mobile phone's character,the detail encryption algorithm selection strategy is confirmed based on the user's mobile phone hardware information,personalization information and a pseudo-random number.Secondly,the data is rearranged with a randomly selected start position in the data before being encrypted.The start position's randomness makes the mobile phone data encryption safer.Thirdly,the rearranged data is encrypted by the selected algorithm and generated key.Finally,the analysis shows this method possesses the higher security because the more dynamics and randomness are adaptively added into the encryption process.     

A New Flexible Algorithm for Random Yield Improvement

This paper presents a new and improved solution for random yield improvement at the post-routing stage. The proposed solution is better suited for current processes, where a clustering effect has been observed resulting in differing particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip. To account for this clustering effect, we introduce the concept of weighted critical area to serve as a proxy for random yield loss. A new algorithm for weighted critical area minimization is also introduced. The proposed optimization solution derives a weighted critical area based on the user-specified particle densities. It then uses this weighted critical area information to dynamically select the appropriate critical area reduction technique in each local region to guarantee a reduction of the weighted critical area in both the local region and the whole layer. This makes the algorithm flexible and readily applicable to different process lines. It consistently improves the random yield irrespective of the particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip.     

功率模块的验收测试

雷达固态发射机单元大量使用功率模块,其具有用量大、品种多、技术指标高、测试复杂等特点,合格的单元模块对实现分系统乃至整机的性能具有十分重要的意义,规范验收测试流程,可从源头保证产品质量。文中从实际测试验收角度对验收测试的资料、系统、流程及误差等几方面进行了论述并作了有益的探讨。     

LED全彩大屏幕同步显示系统设计

根据LED全彩大屏幕同步显示控制系统的设计技术指标要求,讨论了系统的组成,确定了以DVI为数字接口,采用串行LVDS传输方式的LED全彩大屏同步显示方案.采用数据重组方法对像素数据进行分场存储,创造性地采用了变频方法对存储数据进行分场扫描,从而实现了无亮度损失的分场显示.对关键模块的仿真结果证明了系统设计的可行.     

基于物联网的智能医护系统的设计与实现

本文设计了一种基于物联网的智能医护系统总体方案,搭建了硬件平台并设计实现了各软件模块。测试结果表明,该智能医护系统完全满足设计要求,功能包括对各个医疗节点的信息采集、指令控制以及将关键数据用3G通信网络发送至指定手机,可以用于创建中小型社区诊所内的自助型医疗监护网络。     

电视播控管理系统的设计与开发

从播控管理系统的需求分析入手,构建了系统各功能模块,建立数据库,对系统登录、用户权限管理、播控资源管理等模块做了分析与设计。系统对播控信息数据进行统一管理,完成了信息的收集、统计、汇总和分析等功能,实现了对电视播控事务科学、高效的管理。     

Evaluation method for information security capability of mobile phone user based on behavior ontology under unconscious condition

A security capacity assessment method based on security behavior ontology,was proposed to collect users' be-havior data from their smartphones under unconscious condition to solve the problem of detecting mobile phone users' real existing insecure behaviors.A security behavior ontology was set up for formalizing the phone,message,network and App behavior data of mobile phone users and relevant rules were also set down for determining and associating inse-cure actions.Referring to the notion of attack graph,an insecure behavior detection algorithm was proposed based on behavior association graph for analyzing the paths of insecure behaviors dynamically.Furthermore,a competency model of information security capability assessment was presented for realizing the quantitative evaluation of information secu-rity capability of users.The experiment results prove the effectiveness of present competency model for insecure behavior path detection and security ability assessment.     

基于物联网的智能黄牛养殖系统设计

文中基于物联网技术,提出了一种智能化黄牛养殖系统。该系统以STM32系列芯片作为主控芯片,设计了智能项圈、用于饲喂的智能车、环境控制装置等3个主要功能模块,从黄牛生命体征数据的收集及可视化、自动化喂养、环境参数数据的收集及分析等方面,对现有的黄牛养殖系统进行了改进。测试结果表明,该系统稳定性较好,数据收集准确度高,操作便捷,存在一定的推广价值。     

A Data Transmission Method Using a Cyclic Redundancy Check and Inaudible Frequencies

This paper describes a data transmission method using a cyclic redundancy check and inaudible frequencies. The proposed method uses inaudible high frequencies from 18 kHz to 22 kHz generated via the inner speaker of smart devices. Using the proposed method, the performance is evaluated by conducting data transmission tests between a smart book and smart phone. The test results confirm that the proposed method can send 32 bits of data in an average of 235 ms, the transmission success rate reaches 99.47%, and the error detection rate of the cyclic redundancy check is 0.53%.     

Reconfigurable topology synthesis for application-specific NoC on partially dynamically reconfigurable systems

In this paper, a four-stage method for synthesizing reconfigurable ASNoC topology is proposed for partially dynamically reconfigurable systems, where the topology is reconfigured dynamically at run-time along with the application's execution. Firstly, a simulated annealing based topology-aware integrated optimization framework is proposed to generate the proper schedule and floorplan of task modules. Secondly, based on the schedule and floorplan of task modules, an Integer Linear Programming (ILP)-based method and a heuristic method, are proposed to partition the communication requirements of the application into $T$ time intervals. Thirdly, we explore the proper positions of switches in the floorplan for global communications. Finally, considering the reconfiguration costs between adjacent time intervals, the routing path allocation problem is solved for time intervals in an iterative procedure to generate fine-grained dynamically reconfigurable ASNoC topologies. Experimental results show that, compared to the random partition of communication requirements, the proposed heuristic method and ILP-based method can achieve 5.4% and 10.0% power consumption improvement, respectively. And, the reconfigurable ASNoC can achieve 31.6% power consumption improvement when compared with static ASNoC.     

基于TMS320F2812高速数据采集系统的设计与实现

为了实现高速同步数据采集,本文介绍了一种基于TMS320F2812 DSP芯片与AD转换芯片ADS8364构成的高速、并行高精度数据采集系统.主要包括硬件接口电路的设计、控制参数的设置以及部分关键的控制代码和实现AD采样的程序流程等.实践证明,本系统是一种比较新颖、采集精度高并且易于实现、配置灵活的数据采集系统.     

基于SIP和Windows的软电话设计与实现

首先介绍了SIP协议,包括其功能、系统基本组成、消息格式,然后设计了软件的三大模块:用户界面模块、SIP UA模块、语音通信模块,并使用编程工具V isual C 6.0、SIP协议栈OSIP、EXOSIP及RTP协议栈W inRTP实现了该软电话。测试结果表明,该SIP软电话在局域网环境下具有良好的通话质量。     

B—ISDN的AAL1规程及其发展

本文首先从支持面向连接的恒定比特率业务，在收侧恢复源端定量关系，结构数据转移和比特误码及信元丢失的检测与校正等功能要求方面详细介绍了基本的ＡＡＬ１规程，然后以减少时延为为目标讨论了对ＡＡＬ１规程可能的改进方案最后介绍适于支持低比特率话音的候选的ＡＡＬ规程。     

Connection loss reduction by thermally-diffused expanded core fiber

Connection loss reduction in ten fiber connectors prepared by the thermally diffused expanded core (TEC) method has been confirmed. The mode field diameters (MFDs) of conventional single mode (SM) fibers were expanded from 9.8 to 13 mu m by thermal treatment considering the influence of loss increase due to fiber axis misalignment. An average connection loss of 0.15 dB for 4-SM-fiber connectors was realized, which was improved by 0.22 dB compared with previous value of 0.37 dB without thermal treatment. The TEC method promises to reduce the coupling loss, which is caused by lateral offset of multifiber connectors, fiber/LD modules, and fiber/waveguide device modules.<>